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BIS(TRI-N-BUTYLTİN) OXIDE

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a genotoxic compound that inhibits the activities of enzymes such as sulfamoyl chloride and hydroxyl group.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a chemical compound that the organometallic compounds belongs and primarily as underwater paint (fungicide) was used in shipbuilding.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide has the form of a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is only slightly soluble in water (20 ppm) but highly soluble in organic solvents.

CAS Number: 56-35-9
EC Number: 200-268-0
IUPAC Name: Hexabutyldistannoxane
Chemical Formula: C24H54OSn2

Other names: Bis(tributyltin) oxide, tri-n-butyltin oxide, bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, AW 75-D, Bio-MetTBTO, Biomet, Biomet 75, BTO, Butinox, C-SN-9, Tributyltin oxide, 56-35-9, BIS(TRIBUTYLTIN) OXIDE, TBTO, Hexabutyldistannoxane, Distannoxane, hexabutyl-, Bis(tributyltin)oxide, Butinox, Bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide, Lastanox Q, Biomet, Mykolastanox F, Biomet 66, Stannicide A, Bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, Lastanox F, Lastanox T, Biomet TBTO, BioMeT SRM, Bis(tributylstannyl)oxide, Lastanox T 20, Tin, oxybis(tributyl-, Vikol AF-25, Vikol LO-25, Oxybis(tributylstannane), Hexabutyl distannoxane, Oxyde de tributyletain, C-Sn-9, Bis(tributyloxide) of tin, Bis-(tri-n-butylcin)oxid, Oxybis(tributyltin), Hexabutyldistannioxan, Bis(tri-N-butylzinn)-oxyd, Bis(tributylstannium) oxide, OTBE, Tin, bis(tributyl)-, oxide, Kyslicnik tri-N-butylcinicity, ENT 24,979, Stannane, tri-N-butyl-, oxide, tributyl(tributylstannyloxy)stannane, L.S. 3394, NSC 22332, Oxybis[tributyltin], 6-Oxa-5,7-distannaundecane, 5,5,7,7-tetrabutyl-, Bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, technical grade, Stannane, oxide, 3353Q84MKM, NSC-22332, Bis(tributyltin oxide), oxybis(tributyl tin), Oxybis[tributylstannane], Distannoxane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexabutyl-, bis(tributyl tin)oxide, OTBE [French], Caswell No. 101, 6-Oxa-5, 5,5,7,7-tetrabutyl-, HBD, Hexabutyldistannioxan [Czech], CCRIS 3697, WLN: 4-SN-4&4&O-SN-4&4&4, HSDB 6505, Bis-(tri-n-butylcin)oxid [Czech], Bis(tri-n-butylzinn)-oxyd [German], EINECS 200-268-0, Tributyltin oxide (TBTO), Kyslicnik tri-n-butylcinicity [Czech], EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 083001, ZK 21995, tributyltinoxide, UNII-3353Q84MKM, AI3-24979, tributyltin hydrate, Tributyl tin oxide, hexabutyidistannoxane, MFCD00009418, TBOT, Tributyltin(IV) oxide, (nBu3Sn)2O, Tributyltin(IV) oxide;, (Bu3Sn)2O, bis(tributyl stannyl)oxide, EC 200-268-0, bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide, bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)oxide, SCHEMBL19183, Keycide X-10 (Salt/Mix), bis(tri-n-butylstannyl) oxide, Bis[tri-n-butyltin(IV)]oxide, Bis(tributyltin) oxide, 96%, TBTO (Bis(tributyltin) oxide), DTXSID9020166, TRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE [HSDB], APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-, CHEBI:81543, NSC22332, NSC28132, Tox21_203001, NSC-28132, tributyl[(tributylstannyl)oxy]stannane, AKOS015909709, ZINC169743007, CAS-56-35-9, 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexabutyldistannoxane #, NCGC00163942-01, NCGC00163942-02, NCGC00260546-01, BP-20397, TBTO, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, FT-0623098, C18149, EN300-219085, A831016, Q384794

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is an organotin compound chiefly used as a biocide (fungicide and molluscicide), especially a wood preservative.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide chemical formula is [(C4H9)3Sn]2O.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a colorless viscous liquid.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is poorly soluble in water (20 ppm) but highly soluble in organic solvents.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a potent skin irritant.

Historically, Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide's biggest application was as a marine anti-biofouling agent.
Concerns over toxicity of these compounds have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is now considered a severe marine pollutant and a Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide of Very High Concern by the EU.
Today, Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is mainly used in wood preservation.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a genotoxic compound that inhibits the activities of enzymes such as sulfamoyl chloride and hydroxyl group.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide also causes cell lysis, which leads to bacterial death.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide has also been shown to be effective against microbial infection in mice.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is toxic to the liver, causing fatty changes and lesions, as well as decreased levels of atp and hepatic tissues.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is an inorganic molecular entity.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide appears as clear pale yellow liquid.
Toxic by skin absorption or inhalation of vapors.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is used as a bactericide, fungicide and chemical intermediate.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is an organotin compound.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxides are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents).

They also considered moderately to highly persistent organic pollutants and are especially hazardous to marine ecosystems.
The main toxic component of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxides is tin.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide occurs as tin dioxide.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a chemical compound that the organometallic compounds belongs and primarily as underwater paint (fungicide) was used in shipbuilding.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide has the form of a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is only slightly soluble in water (20 ppm) but highly soluble in organic solvents.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is used in Anti Fouling Paints and Wood Preservatives.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide compounds had been used as marine anti-biofouling agents.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a rather nasty substance and a potent biocide.
Like most volatile organotin compounds, Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide can cause ill effects ranging from skin irritation to convulsions.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide main use is as a wood preservative.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide was formerly used as a marine anti-biofouling agent, but evidence of toxicity to marine animals led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization.
Other pesticide uses of the compound have also been discontinued.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide appears as thin, colourless to pale yellow, flammable and combustible liquid.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is soluble in organic solvents.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is an organotin compound used as a biocide, fungicide, and molluscicide.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is uses of tributyltin also include as an anti-fouling chemical in marine paints for boats, anti-fungal agent in textiles and industrial water systems, in cooling tower and refrigeration water systems, wood pulp preservative in paints and paper mill systems, inner surfaces of cardboard, and in the manufacturing processes of leather goods, textiles, wood, plastics, and mothproof stored garments.
In fact, Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide compounds are considered the most hazardous of all tin compounds.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is an organotin compound used as a fungicide and molluscicide, particularly in wood preservation.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide was used as an active component in marine antifouling paints but is not longer used due to Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide toxicity and is considered a severe marine pollutant.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is widely used in Europe for the preservation of timber, millwork, and wood joinery, eg, window sashes and door frames.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is applied from organic solution by dipping or vacuum impregnation.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide imparts resistance to attack by fungi and insects but is not suitable for underground use.
An advantage of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is that Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide does not interfere with subsequent painting or decorative staining and does not change the natural color of the wood.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is an organotin compound chiefly used as a biocide (fungicide and molluscicide), especially a wood preservative.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide has the form of a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is only slightly soluble in water (20 ppm) but highly soluble in organic solvents.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a potent skin irritant.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide had been used as marine anti-biofouling agents.

Concerns over toxicity of these compounds have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is now considered a severe marine pollutant and a Substance of Very High Concern by the EU.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is used as an antifouling and biocide agent against fungi, algae and bacteria in paints and is an irritant.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a chemical compound that the organometallic compounds belongs and primarily as underwater paint ( fungicide ) was used in shipbuilding.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is an organotin compound.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents).
They also considered moderately to highly persistent organic pollutants and are especially hazardous to marine ecosystems.

The main toxic component of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is tin.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide occurs as tin dioxide

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is employed in the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated methyl ketones, isoxazoles.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is an organotin compound chiefly used as a biocide (fungicide and molluscicide), especially a wood preservative.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide chemical formula is C24H54OSn2.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide has the form of a thin, colorless to pale yellow liquid with melting point -45 °C, boiling point 180 °C, and slight water solubility (20 ppm).
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is combustible and soluble in organic solvents.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is available under names AW 75-D, Bio-Met TBTO, Biomet, Biomet 75, BTO, Butinox, C-SN-9, Hexabutyldistannoxane, Hexabutylditin, and others.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a potent skin irritant.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide had been used as marine anti-biofouling agents.
Concerns over toxicity of these compounds (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a world-wide ban by the International Maritime Organization.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is now considered a severe marine pollutant.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide are organic derivatives of tetravalent tin.
They are characterized by the presence of covalent bonds between carbon atoms and a tin atom and have the general formula (n-C4H9)3Sn-X (where X isan anion).

The purity of commercial Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is generally above 96%; the principal impurities are dibutyltin derivatives and, to a lesser extent, tetrabutyltin and other trialkyltin compounds.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a colourless liquid with a characteristic odour and a relative density of 1.17 to 1.18.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide has been used as an anti-fouling paint on commercial ships for decades, inhibiting mollusks or barnacles from attaching themselves to ships.
However, Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide has also been recognized as a toxic chemical that causes reproductive defects in and death of crustaceans.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is a common problem on both coasts of North America, and is a growing concern in the great lakes.

Uses of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is used as antimicrobial and slimicide for cooling-water treatment, disinfectant for hard-surface, sanitizer for laundry, mildewcides in water-based emulsion paints, preservative for timber, millwork, wood, textiles, paper, leather, and glass, and as fungicide and bactericide in underwater and antifouling paints.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is also used as pesticide, molluscicide, rodent repellant, and insecticide.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is used as a bactericide, fungicide, and chemical intermediate.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is used as fungicide, disinfectant, algicide, microbiocide, and microbiostat for cooling tower water, wood preservation (paints, stains, and waterproofing formulations), hard surfaces (livestock, veterinary, and other animal facilities), building materials (drywall, joint compound MDF board, and particulate board), building material adhesives, and adhesives for other manufacturing applications.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is also used to treat textile fabrics (except laundry and clothing), paper, fiberfill, foam, rope, sponges, and other materials.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxides are also used in petrochemical injection fluids, metal working fluids, irrigation tubing for non-agricultural uses, rubber for sonar domes, and instruments for oceanographic observations.

Antimicrobials and slimicides for cooling-water treatment and as hard-surface disinfectants.
Also laundry sanitizers and mildewcides to prevent mildew formation in the dried film of water-based emulsion paints.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is widely used in Europe for the preservation of timber, millwork, and wood joinery, e.g., window sashes and door frames.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is used in fungicide and bactericide in underwater and antifouling paints, pesticide.

Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxides are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents).

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Pulp and Paper Processing
Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing)
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Applying Wood Preservatives
Using Disinfectants or Biocides

General Manufacturing Information of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide antifouling paint can be classified into three chemical groups based on the way the Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is incorporated into the paint coating and subsequently released.

The first group includes paints in which the Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide active ingredient is mixed into the paint matrix and the Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide ion is released from the paint by diffusion.
These are called free association paints.

The second group has the Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide moiety chemically bound to the paint matrix.
These paints are called copolymer paints and under slightly alkaline conditions (such as sea water), the Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide ion is released by chemical hydrolysis.
Because the paint surface is softened by the loss of the Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide moiety, the outer layer is exposed.

A third category, Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide ablative paints, have characteristics of both groups.
The Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide active ingredient is mixed into the paint matrix, but because these are relatively soft paints, the surface ablates or sloughs off as the painted vessel moves through the water.

The use of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide compounds in antifoulants are restricted because of their toxicity to aquatic organisms and EPA is cooperating in international efforts for a global phase-out.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:

Disinfectants of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity.
Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying spores as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms.
They are distinguished from antiseptics which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals.

Fungicides, Industrial of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.

Immunosuppressive Agents of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action.
Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting dna synthesis.

Others may act through activation of t-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells.
While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of interleukins and other cytokines are emerging.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is absorbed from the gut (20-50%, depending on the vehicle) & via the skin of mammals (approx 10%).
Other data suggest absorption in the 1-5% range via the skin.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide can be transferred across the blood-brain barrier & from the placenta to the fetus.

Absorbed material is rapidly & widely distributed among tissues (principally the liver and kidney).
The rate of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide loss differs with different tissues.
Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide & its metabolites are eliminated principally via the bile.

Handling and Storage of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material.
Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.

Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this material in a refrigerator.

Safe Storage:
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

First Aid Measures of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used.
If not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic).
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them.

Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting.
Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care.

If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.

Isolation and Evacuation of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Carefully collect remainder.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Cleanup Methods of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Do NOT wash away into sewer.
Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Disposal Methods of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Preventive Measures of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide:
Employees who handle Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent & water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.

If Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide gets on the skin, immediately flush with large amounts of water, then wash with soap or mild detergent & water.
If Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide soaks through the clothing, remove the clothing immediately & flush with large amounts of water & then wash using soap or mild detergent & water.
Get medical attention immediately.

Eating & smoking should not be permitted in areas where Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide is handled, processed, or stored.

The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting.
The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide, but also on factors including the form of Bis(Tri-N-Butyltin) oxide, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.

In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.