PRODUCTS

BLACK NICKEL OXIDE

EC / List no.: 215-215-7
CAS no.: 1313-99-1
Mol. formula: NiO

A powerful and refractory colorant that produces greys, blues, and yellows.
Black Nickel Oxide is more concentrated than nickel carbonate and as little as .02% gives a noticeable tint.
Normal additions are 2-5%.

Typical grades are 75-77% nickel metal with trace elements (0.0001-0.01%) of cobalt, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, calcium, sodium and sulfur and chloride volatiles.
Particle sizes can be very fine, down to 5 microns (below 325 mesh).
Black Nickel Oxide is insoluble in water and soluble in acids

Black Nickel Oxide can also soften and mute more intense colorants such as copper and cobalt.
Black Nickel Oxide is refractory and can raise the melting temperature of glazes if used in large amounts.

Given its high surface area and chemical reactivity, high purity black nickel oxide can be used to react with acids to form nickel salts, which can then be converted into other nickel compounds.
Examples include the production of nickel sulfamate for electroplating, or the production of nickel molybdate for hydrodesulfurization catalysts.

The oxide combines with other metal oxides to produce special color pigments.
Uses also include glass frits for porcelain enamel and to develop colors in clear glass.

Nickel(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ni2O3.
Black Nickel Oxide is not well characterized, and is sometimes referred to as black nickel oxide.
Traces of Ni2O3 on nickel surfaces have been mentioned.

A related, more well-characterized Ni(III)-based material is nickel oxide hydroxide (NiOOH), which is likely the reagent employed in organic synthesis since it is generated in aqueous media.

Black Nickel Oxide Is an ultra-high purity product with approximately 77% Nickel content.
Used in the glass- and electronics industry.
Seido Black Nickel Oxide is of very high purity and is a high surface area powder.
Seido has a unique production process to make this very special product.
Typical BET surface area values are about 75m2/g.
Nickel Oxide Black is produced in 2 grades – A and F – differing mainly on particle size.

Seido Nickel Oxides are used worldwide as a standard for many special applications due to their high purity and the strong reactivity given by the high surface area.
Many major producers of Ni-Zn Ferrites have Seido Black Nickel Oxide specified as the key nickel feed component.
Further, the unique combination of properties allows the Black Nickel Oxide to be used in the production of special hydrodesulphurization catalysts, and for glass frits in porcelain enamel and to develop colors in glass.

Nickel oxide supplies NiO.
Colorant used to produce blue, gray, green, brown, and yellow.
Ni2O3 decomposes to NiO at 600C.
Many sources do not differentiate between green and black nickel oxide.
Concentrated nickel occurs naturally in the ore minerals Nicolite (NiAs) and Nickel Glance (NiAsS) and is extracted from the ores by roasting.

Physical Properties
Sintered pieces, targets, and fine powder (10-12 microns)

Chemical Properties
Nickel Oxide Typical Black NiO (nickelic oxide & nickel sesquioxide) Chemistry:

Ni= 77%, Fe= 0.01% and bal.= O2

Nickel Oxide Typical Green NiO (nickelous oxide) Chemistry:

Ni= 78.5%, and bal.= O2

Typical Applications
Used as an electrolyte in nickel plating solutions, an oxygen donor in auto emission catalysts, forms nickel molybdate, anodizing aluminum, conductive nickel zinc ferrites, in glass frit for porcelain enamel, thermistors, varistors, cermets, and resistance heating elements.

NiO has a variety of specialized applications and generally applications distinguish between "chemical", which is relatively pure material for specialty applications, and "metallurgical grade", which is mainly used for the production of alloys.
Black Nickel Oxide is used in the ceramic industry to make frits, ferrites, and porcelain glazes.
The sintered oxide is used to produce nickel steel alloys.
Charles Édouard Guillaume won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on nickel steel alloys which he called invar and elinvar.

NiO was also a component in the Nickel-iron battery, also known as the Edison Battery, and is a component in fuel cells.
Black Nickel Oxide is the precursor to many nickel salts, for use as specialty chemicals and catalysts. More recently, NiO was used to make the NiCd rechargeable batteries found in many electronic devices until the development of the environmentally superior Lithium Ion battery.

About 4,000 tons of chemical grade NiO are produced annually.
Black NiO is the precursor to nickel salts, which arise by treatment with mineral acids.
NiO is a versatile hydrogenation catalyst.

Heating nickel oxide with either hydrogen, carbon, or carbon monoxide reduces it to metallic nickel.
Black Nickel Oxide combines with the oxides of sodium and potassium at high temperatures (>700°C) to form the corresponding nickelate.

Black Nickel Oxide can soften and mute more intense colorants such as copper and cobalt.
Black Nickel Oxide is refractory and can raise the melting temperature of glazes if used in large amounts.
Nickel Oxide is insoluble in water and soluble in acids

The oxide combines with other metal oxides to produce special color pigments.
Uses also include glass frits for porcelain enamel and to develop colors in clear glass.

About Black Nickel Oxide
Helpful information
Black Nickel Oxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.

Black Nickel Oxide is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Black Nickel Oxide is most likely to be released to the environment.

Article service life
Release to the environment of Black Nickel Oxide can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, as processing aid, formulation in materials, in the production of articles and industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal). Black Nickel Oxide can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and vehicles covered by End of Life Vehicles (ELV) directive (e.g. personal vehicles or delivery vans).

Widespread uses by professional workers
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. Black Nickel Oxide is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Black Nickel Oxide is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of Black Nickel Oxide is likely to occur from: indoor use.
Formulation or re-packing
Black Nickel Oxide is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Black Nickel Oxide has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Black Nickel Oxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and formulation in materials.
Uses at industrial sites
Black Nickel Oxide is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, metals, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Black Nickel Oxide has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Black Nickel Oxide is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Black Nickel Oxide is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and metals.
Release to the environment of Black Nickel Oxide can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, as processing aid, formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of the substance.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of Black Nickel Oxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.

Black Nickel Oxide transforms to a grayish black octahedral form, known as black oxide, when strongly ignited; black oxide has a metallic luster; density of green oxide is 6.72 g/cm3; Mohs hardness 5.5; melts at 1955°C; insoluble in water; soluble in acids at ordinary temperatures; black form dissolves in hot acids.

Uses
Black Nickel Oxide is used in the ceramic industry for making frit, ferrites, and coloring porcelain. The oxide in sinter form is used in the production of nickel- steel alloys.
Black Nickel Oxide supplies oxygen to the melt for removal of carbon as carbon dioxide.
Some other important uses of Black Nickel Oxide include preparation of many nickel salts, specialty chemicals, and nickel catalysts.
Black Nickel Oxide also is used as an electrode in fuel cells.

Preparation
Black Nickel Oxide is prepared by heating pure nickel powder with oxygen at a temperature above 400°C.
In some commercial processes, black Nickel oxide is made by heating a mixture of nickel powder and water in air at 1,000°C.
Adding some Black Nickel Oxide to the above mixture enhances the rate of reaction.
An alternative method of preparation of the green oxide involves thermal decomposition of an oxo acid salt of nickel at elevated temperatures.
Thus, nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate or, more conveniently, nickel carbonate when heated at 1,000°C, yields the green oxide.
The black oxide, on the other hand, is produced at a lower temperature from incomplete calcination of the carbonate or nitrate salt at 600°C.
The oxygen content of the black form is slightly greater than its green counterpart.

Reactions
Several nickel salts are obtained by reactions of nickel oxide with mineral acids.
Thus, the reaction of black nickel oxide with hot dilute sulfuric acid forms nickel sulfate, NiSO4•6H2O. Similarly, dilute nitric acid, hydrochloric, and hydrobromic acids when heated react with the black form of nickel oxide to yield corresponding nickel salts as hexahydrates.
Heating nickel oxide with hydrogen, carbon, or carbon monoxide reduces it to metallic nickel.
Nickel oxide combines with sodium or potassium hydroxide at elevated temperatures (>700°C), forming sodium or potassium nickelate; i.e., K2NiO2:
NiO + 2NaOH → Na2NiO2 + H2O
Nickel(II) oxide is insoluble in water but soluble in acids as long as it has not been ignited at a high temperature (under these latter conditions it is converted into grey-black octahedra having a metallic lustre).
Black Nickel Oxide reacts reversibly with hydrogen, the reaction NiO+H2 ? Ni+H20 proceeding from left to right at relatively low temperatures in a stream of hydrogen.

Preparation
Black Nickel oxide is prepared by heating pure nickel powder with oxygen at a temperature above 400°C.
In some commercial processes, green nickel oxide is made by heating a mixture of nickel powder and water in air at 1,000°C.
Adding some nickel oxide to the above mixture enhances the rate of reaction.
An alternative method of preparation of the green oxide involves thermal decomposition of an oxo acid salt of nickel at elevated temperatures.
Thus, nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate or, more conveniently, nickel carbonate when heated at 1,000°C, yields the green oxide.
The black oxide, on the other hand, is produced at a lower temperature from incomplete calcination of the carbonate or nitrate salt at 600°C.
The oxygen content of the black form is slight-ly greater than its green counterpart.

Black Nickel oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NiO.
Black Nickel oxide is the principal oxide of nickel.
Black Nickel oxide is classified as a basic metal oxide. Several million kilograms are produced annually of varying quality, mainly as an intermediate in the production of nickel alloys.
The mineralogical form of NiO, bunsenite, is very rare.
Other nickel(III) oxides have been claimed, for example: Ni2O3 and NiO2, but they have yet to be proven by X-ray crystallography.

Production
Black Nickel oxide can be prepared by multiple methods.
Upon heating above 400 °C, nickel powder reacts with oxygen to give NiO.
In some commercial processes, green nickel oxide is made by heating a mixture of nickel powder and water at 1000 °C, the rate for this reaction can be increased by the addition of NiO.
The simplest and most successful method of preparation is through pyrolysis of nickel(II) compounds such as the hydroxide, nitrate, and carbonate, which yield a light green powder.
Synthesis from the elements by heating the metal in oxygen can yield grey to black powders which indicates nonstoichiometry.

Structure
Black Nickel oxide adopts the NaCl structure, with octahedral Ni2+ and O2− sites.
The conceptually simple structure is commonly known as the rock salt structure.
Like many other binary metal oxides, NiO is often non-stoichiometric, meaning that the Ni:O ratio deviates from 1:1.
In nickel oxide, this non-stoichiometry is accompanied by a color change, with the stoichiometrically correct NiO being green and the non-stoichiometric NiO being black.

Applications and reactions
Black Nickel oxide has a variety of specialized applications and generally, applications distinguish between "chemical grade", which is relatively pure material for specialty applications, and "metallurgical grade", which is mainly used for the production of alloys.
Black Nickel oxide is used in the ceramic industry to make frits, ferrites, and porcelain glazes.
The sintered oxide is used to produce nickel steel alloys.
Charles Édouard Guillaume won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on nickel steel alloys which he called invar and elinvar.

Black Nickel oxide is a commonly used hole transport material in thin film solar cells.
Black Nickel oxide was also a component in the nickel-iron battery, also known as the Edison Battery, and is a component in fuel cells.
Black Nickel oxide is the precursor to many nickel salts, for use as specialty chemicals and catalysts. More recently, Black Nickel oxide was used to make the NiCd rechargeable batteries found in many electronic devices until the development of the environmentally superior NiMH battery.
Black Nickel oxide an anodic electrochromic material, have been widely studied as counter electrodes with tungsten oxide, cathodic electrochromic material, in complementary electrochromic devices.

About 4000 tons of chemical grade Black Nickel oxide are produced annually.
Black NiO is the precursor to nickel salts, which arise by treatment with mineral acids. NiO is a versatile hydrogenation catalyst.

Heating nickel oxide with either hydrogen, carbon, or carbon monoxide reduces it to metallic nickel.
Black Nickel oxide combines with the oxides of sodium and potassium at high temperatures (>700 °C) to form the corresponding nickelate.

Electronic structure
Black Nickel oxide is useful for illustrating the failure of density functional theory (using functionals based on the local-density approximation) and Hartree–Fock theory to account for the strong correlation.
The term strong correlation refers to behavior of electrons in solids that is not well described (often not even in a qualitatively correct manner) by simple one-electron theories such as the local-density approximation (LDA) or Hartree–Fock theory.
For instance, the seemingly simple material NiO has a partially filled 3d-band (the Ni atom has 8 of 10 possible 3d-electrons) and therefore would be expected to be a good conductor.
However, strong Coulomb repulsion (a correlation effect) between d-electrons makes NiO instead a wide band gap Mott insulator.
Thus, strongly correlated materials have electronic structures that are neither simply free-electron-like nor completely ionic, but a mixture of both.

Uses

Painting on porcelain
In fuel cell electrodes
Miscellaneous applications of nickel oxide include its use in:
(a) the manufacture of ferrites (eg NiOFe2O3) which find use in the electronics field because of their magnetic properties;
(b) the manufacture of nickel salts (eg chloride, nitrate, and sulfate) which can be used to make refined nickel oxide;
(c) the production of active nickel catalysts;
(d) electroplating and
(e) coloring and decolorizing glass.

Industry Uses
Abrasives
Additive to miscellaneous industrial components, mainly industrial catalytic coverters
Catalyst
Industrial use
Intermediates
Ion exchange agents
Laboratory chemicals
Process regulators
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Smelter feedstock production
component of catalytic converters

Consumer Uses
Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
Automotive and Industrial Catalytic Converters
Batteries
Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Catalyst
Fuels and related products
Laboratory Use
Metal products not covered elsewhere
Metal reclamation

General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing
Fabricated metal product manufacturing
Industrial gas manufacturing
Laboratory Use
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
Petrochemical manufacturing
Petroleum refineries
Primary metal manufacturing
Services
Utilities

Nickel(III) oxide (Ni2O3) has been referred to in the literature, but is not a well characterised compound.
The substance black nickel oxide is sometimes described as being Ni2O3; however, the composition quoted by suppliers has a nickel content of around 77% by weight, whereas Ni2O3 would have 70.98% Ni by weight, and may be non-stoichiometric NiO.

Black nickel produces browns, blues, grays and yellows in glazes.
Black Nickel Oxide can also tone down more intense colorants such as cobalt and copper.
Maximum use is usually 3%.

Nickel Oxide-Black – (Ni0) stronger than Nickel Carbonate produces browns and greens and can alter other metallic coloring oxides in the glaze.

More concentrated than nickel carbonate, Nickel Oxide is used in small percentages to produce mute colors in glazes.
Black Nickel Oxide is refractory and can raise the maturing temperature of glazes if used in large amounts.

Nickel Oxide (Black), Ni2O3 or Ni(iii) oxide, is an inorganic metal oxide that has ceramic, glass, and a variety of specialty niche uses, for example, catalyst and fuel cell production.

Ceramics
Nickel oxide, black is a useful colorant and color affecting material.
Black Nickel Oxide is often used to make grey, blue, and yellow colors. Aside from its color-capabilities, this material is also used to create both ceramic and glass frits and ferrites.

Black Nickel Oxide (Ni2O3), often referred to as Nickel Oxide, is a powerful refractory colorant which can produce grey, blue, and yellow tints.
Black Nickel Oxide is more concentrated than nickel carbonate and as little as .02% gives a noticeable tint.
Black Nickel Oxide can also soften and mute more intense colorants such as copper and cobalt.

Due to its chemical reactivity and high surface area, high-purity black nickel oxide can be used to react with acids to form nickel salts which can then be converted into other nickel compounds such as nickel sulfamate for electroplating and nickel molybdate for hydrodesulfurization catalysts.

Black Nickel Oxide has a multitude of uses:

an electrolyte in nickel plating solutions
in glass frit, ferrites, and porcelain glazes
various “chemical” applications
the production of alloys
as a fuel cell component
black NiO is the precursor to nickel salts, which arise by treatment with mineral acids and is a versatile hydrogenation catalyst.

IUPAC NAMES:
Nickel (2+) oxide
Nickel (II) oxide
Nickel (ii) oxide
nickel (II) oxide
nickel (ii) oxide
Nickel Monooxide
Nickel monoxide
nickel monoxide
Nickel monoxide
nickel monoxide
Nickel oxide
nickel oxide
Nickel Oxide
Nickel oxide
nickel oxide
nickel(II) oxide
Nickel(II)oxide
Nickelmonoxid
Nickeloxide
Oxonickel
oxonickel

SYNONYMS:
blacknickeloxide
NICKEL(II) OXIDE
NICKEL(II) OXIDE, BLACK
NICKEL (II) OXIDE (GREEN)
NICKEL MONOXIDE
NICKELOUS OXIDE
NICKELOUS OXIDE, GREEN
NICKEL OXIDE, GREEN
NICKEL OXIDE GREEN (OUS)
NICKEL(+2)OXIDE
A nickel oxide
NICKEL OXIDE, 99.999%NICKEL OXIDE, 99.999%NICKEL OXIDE, 99.999%NICKEL OXIDE, 99.999%
NICKEL OXIDE, REAGENTNICKEL OXIDE, REAGENTNICKEL OXIDE, REAGENTNICKEL OXIDE, REAGENT
Nanometer nickel oxide powder
bunsenite
mononickeloxide
nickel(ii)oxide(1:1)
nickeloxide(nio)
nickeloxidesinter75
Nickelprotoxide
Nickel(II) oxide, Puratronic(R), 99.998% (metals basis)
Nickel(II) oxide, 99+% (metals basis)
Nickel(II) oxide, 99.995% (metals basis)
Nickel(II) oxide, black, Ni 76%, (contains Ni2O3)
Nickel(II) oxide, black, Ni 76%, (contains NiO3)
Nickel(II) oxide, Puratronic, 99.998% (metals basis)
Nickel oxide,nanometer
nickd monoxide
Nickel(II) oxide, green, Ni 78.5%
Nickel(II) oxide,97%,reagent, powder
Nickel(II) oxide, black, Ni 76%, (contains Ni2O3)
Nickel(II) Oxide, Puratronic (Metals Basis)
Nicke(II) oxide
Nickel(II) oxide, nanopowder, 99.8% metals basis
NICKEL(II) OXIDE, GREEN, -325 MESH, 99%
NICKEL(II) OXIDE, 99.999%
Nickel(II) oxide, 99.99% metals basis
NickelOxideBlackExtraPure
Nickelmonoxide,greenpowder
CATALYST R1-10
NICKEL(II) OXIDE (NIO)
Nickel(II) monoxide
Nickelous monoxide
Nickel(II) oxide, black, 76% Ni
Nickel(II) oxide, reagent, powder, 97%
NICKEL OXIDE 99.999%
NICKEL OXIDE, GREEN REAGENT
Nickelous oxide,99.998%,powder
Nickel(II)oxide(99.99%-Ni)PURATREM
Nickel(II)oxide(99.998%-Ni)PURATREM
Nickel(II)oxide,black,99+%
Nickel(II)oxide,green,99%
nickel(ii) oxide, puratronic
NICKELOXIDE,GREEN,POWDER,REAGENT
OXIDICNICKEL
NICKEL(II) OXIDE: 99.99%
NICKEL(II) OXIDE: 99,998% PURATREM
Nickel(II) oxide, extra pure