BRILLIANT SCARLET 4R

Brilliant Scarlet 4R is a synthetic azo dye known for its bright red color and is used in a variety of industrial and laboratory applications. 
BRILLIANT SCARLET 4R belongs to the class of monoazo dyes and is often used in biological staining and textile dyeing. 
BRILLIANT SCARLET 4R is water-soluble and exhibits good lightfastness on many substrates.
CAS Number: 3567-69-9

Synonyms:
Acid Red 44,C.I. 16250,Acid Brilliant Scarlet 4R,Brilliant Scarlet 4R,4R Brilliant Scarlet,C.I. Acid Red 44
Brillantécarlate 4R ,Wool Red 4R

Synthesis and Manufacturing
General Synthetic Route
Brilliant Scarlet 4R is synthesized through a classical azo coupling reaction, which involves the diazotization of an aromatic amine followed by coupling with a suitable coupling component, often a phenol or an aromatic amine derivative.

Step 1: Diazotization
An aromatic amine such as 2-aminonaphthol-6-sulfonic acid is treated with sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) in an acidic medium (usually HCl) at low temperatures (0-5°C) to form the diazonium salt.
Step 2: Coupling Reaction
The diazonium salt is then reacted with benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (or its sodium salt) in alkaline conditions. This step forms the azo bond (-N=N-) linking the two aromatic rings.
Step 3: Isolation and Purification
The resulting Brilliant Scarlet 4R is precipitated, washed, and dried to obtain the final red powder.

Molecular Weight    480.42 g/mol
Physical State    Red crystalline powder
Melting Point    Approximately 230-240°C (decomposes)
Solubility    Highly soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents
pH Stability    Stable under acidic conditions (pH 2-6)
UV-Vis Absorption    Maximum absorbance around 510-530 nm
Chemical Stability    Resistant to light and moderate heat

Applications
Brilliant Scarlet 4R finds extensive use across various industries due to its bright red hue, water solubility, and chemical stability.

Textile Industry
Used as an acid dye for wool, silk, and nylon.
Produces bright and durable red shades.
Applied mainly in acidic dye baths with pH 4-6.

Cosmetics
Employed as a colorant in hair dyes, lipsticks, and other personal care products.
Approved under specific regulations with purity and concentration limits.

Inks and Paints
Used in ink formulations for printing and markers.
Adds vibrant red color to water-based inks.

Biological Staining
Applied as a staining agent in histology and microscopy.
Helps in staining proteins and cellular components due to affinity for acidic cellular structures.

Analytical Methods
Spectroscopy
UV-Visible Spectroscopy: Characteristic absorbance peaks at 510-530 nm.
FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy): Confirms azo and sulfonate functional groups.

Chromatographic Techniques
HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography): Used for purity and concentration analysis.
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): Qualitative identification.

Mass Spectrometry
Provides molecular weight confirmation and fragmentation pattern.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BRILLIANT SCARLET 4R

 
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician. 
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
 
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. 
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. 
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
 
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
 
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting. 
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Rinse mouth with water. 
Consult a physician.
 
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
 
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment. 
 
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. 
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
 
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
 
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
 
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. 
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
 
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
 
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles. 
Faceshield (8-inch minimum). 
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
 
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves. 
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. 
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. 
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. 
Wash and dry hands.
 
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
 
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. 
 
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. 
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. 
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. 
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
 
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. 
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product