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CAS Number: 8062-14-4
EC Number: 617-128-3
E number: E154 (colours)
APPLICATIONS
Brown food colour.
Brown FK is Very soluble in water.
Brown FK is a Colorant - Pigments or dyes that are added in order to change or enhance the color.
Additionally, Brown FK, also called Kipper Brown, Chocolate Brown FK, and C.I.
Brown FK, is a brown mixture of six synthetic azo dyes, with addition of sodium chloride, and/or sodium sulfate.
Brown FK is very soluble in water.
When Brown FK is used as a food dye, its E number is E154.
Brown FK is not allowed to use as food additive in EU.
E154 Brown FK is a Colorant; consists of a mixture of 6 synthetic dyestuffs; used in dried fish, smoked fish, cooked ham and chips; not recommended for children; Banned in America and many other countries.
Brown FK is a potentially dangerous brown mixture of six synthetic azo dyes together with other colouring's and sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate.
Brown FK is mainly used to give fish flesh a healthy pigment which will not leach or fade during cooking.
A toxic additive with many side effects.
Many of these dyes are discharged into the environment, like rivers and therefore can find their way into animals and ultimately humans.
Typical products which include Brown FK are smoked and cured fish, crisps, cooked meats.
Brown FK is used only in the production of food products (hot or cold smoked fish, smoked ham, all types of potato chips), in other industries it is used very rarely.
DESCRIPTION
Brown FK, also called Kipper Brown, Chocolate Brown FK, and C.I. Food Brown 1, is a brown mixture of six synthetic azo dyes, with addition of sodium chloride, and/or sodium sulfate.
Brown FK is very soluble in water.
When used as a food dye, its E number is E154.
Brown FK was once used in smoked and cured mackerels and other fish and also in some cooked hams and other meats.
Brown FK gave a "healthy" color that did not fade during cooking, nor leach.
Brown FK is currently not approved for use in the European Union (but was allowed to color kippers to produce orange kippers), in Australia, Austria, Canada, United States, Japan, Switzerland, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia.
In 2011, a review by the European Food Safety Authority concluded that Brown FK was no longer used and the Authority could not conclude on the safety of the substance due to the deficiencies in the available toxicity data.
Therefore, it should not be included in the Union list of approved food additives.
Brown FK is a mixture of synthetic, brown, azo dyes, sodium chloride or sodium sulphate, and water.
Brown FK is banned from use in Australia, and is permitted in the EU only for colouring of smoked fish, particularly kippers and mackerel.
Health considerations
In rats and mice, exposure to Brown FK has caused damage to muscle fibers in the heart, degeneration of the kidney, increased fat mass in the liver, and increased internal organ weight.
No carcinogenic effects have been seen.
There is no data or reported cases of sensitivity, intolerance, or allergy to Brown FK.
Since Brown FK is an azo dye, it may elicit intolerance in people intolerant to salicylates.
Additionally, it is a histamine liberator, and may intensify symptoms of asthma.
In combination with benzoates, it is also implicated in hyperactivity in children.
Some of the compounds in the mixture may be mutagenic; hence the use is restricted to a few products.
Products containing Brown FK coloring are strictly prohibited for children.
In most people, this supplement can lead to an increase in blood pressure (when taken in large quantities - to achieve a hypertensive crisis).
In addition, the substance causes allergies, both mild and severe.
Brown FK is also prohibited for people suffering from bronchial asthma because it can exacerbate the disease.
Its negative impact on the cardiovascular system and kidneys is noted.
Brown FK is toxic to the liver and thyroid gland.
SYNONYMS
Kipper Brown
Chocolate Brown FK
C.I. Food Brown 1
E154
Golden brown rk-fq
4-[(2,4-diamino-5-methylphenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate
4-[[2,4-diamino-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonate
trisodium,4-[(2,4-diamino-5-methylphenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate,4-[[2,4-diamino-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonate
Benzenesulfonic acid, 4,4'-((4,6-diamino-m-phenylene)bis(azo))di-,
disodium salt, mixed with p-((4,6-diamino-m-tolyl)azo)benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt
