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BTA (Benzotriazole) is an effective metal-protection additive widely used to help preserve copper and copper-containing surfaces.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is suitable for incorporation into coolants, lubricants, metalworking fluids, coatings, and water-treatment formulations.
BTA (Benzotriazole)'s strong surface affinity and formulation versatility make it a valuable component in many industrial corrosion-control systems.
CAS Number: 95-14-7
EC Number: 202-394-1
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Mass: 119.12 g/mol
Synonyms: Benzotriazole, BTA, 1H-Benzotriazole, 1,2,3-Benzotriazole, Benzo-1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,3-Benzotriazole, Aziminobenzene, Benzene Azimide, Benzotriazol, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole, 2,3-Diazaindole, Benzotriazole Corrosion Inhibitor, Copper Corrosion Inhibitor BTA, Benzotriazole Metal Passivator, Benzotriazole Anticorrosion Agent, Benzotriazole Powder, BTA Corrosion Inhibitor, Benzotriazole 95-14-7, 1,2,3-Benzotriazol, BTA, Benzotriazole, Benzotriazol, 95-14-7, Benzene azimide, 1,2,3-1H-Benzotriazole, BTAH, BZT, 1,2,3-triazaindene, 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 1H-benzo[1,2,3]triazole, 1H-Benzotriazol, 1H-Benzotriazole
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C6H4N3H.
BTA (Benzotriazole) can be viewed as the fusion of a benzene and triazole rings.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a white solid, although impure samples can appear tan.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and silver.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a high-purity (99%) chemical with protective properties.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is used as a strong corrosion inhibitor on metal surfaces and is particularly effective in protecting copper, brass, bronze, and alloys against rust.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is an important industrial raw material under the European REACH regulation and is preferred as an additive in lubricants, antifreeze, heat transfer fluids, detergents, and industrial cleaning products.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a heterocyclic compound widely used as a corrosion inhibitor and metal-protection additive, especially for copper and copper alloys.
BTA (Benzotriazole) forms a protective layer on metal surfaces and is commonly used in metalworking fluids, coolants, antifreeze formulations, coatings, lubricants, and industrial water-treatment systems.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is also used as a chemical intermediate in specialty chemicals, polymers, and other technical formulations.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a high-purity chemical raw material widely used as a corrosion inhibitor on metal surfaces.
BTA (Benzotriazole)'s CAS number is 95-14-7.
BTA (Benzotriazole) provides effective protection in water treatment systems, automotive antifreezes, and metalworking fluids.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is also used as an intermediate in photography and pharmaceutical synthesis.
With its high solubility and stability, BTA (Benzotriazole) offers reliable performance in industrial processes.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is available in various purity levels.
BTA (Benzotriazole) Derivatives:
Many modifications of BTA (Benzotriazole) have been reported.
Alizapride is a commercial drug containing a BTA (Benzotriazole) ring system.
Tolyltriazole is a mixture of isomers or congeners that differ from BTA (Benzotriazole) by the addition of one methyl group attached somewhere on the benzene ring.
Tolyltriazole has similar uses, but has higher solubility in some organic solvents.
Applications of BTA (Benzotriazole):
BTA (Benzotriazole) has been used as a restrainer (or anti-fogging agent) in photographic emulsions or developing solutions, and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver.
More importantly, BTA (Benzotriazole) has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater.
BTA can be used in antifreezes, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids, and vapor-phase inhibitors as well.
Corrosion inhibition:
BTA (Benzotriazole) is an corrosion inhibitor for non-ferrous metals like copper and silver.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is known that a passive layer, consisting of a complex between copper and BTA (Benzotriazole), is formed when copper is immersed in a solution containing BTA (Benzotriazole).
The passive layer is insoluble in aqueous and many organic solutions.
There is a positive correlation between the thickness of the passive layer and the efficiency of preventing corrosion.
BTA is used in heritage conservation, notably for the treatment of bronze disease, and in dishwashing detergents for silver protection.
Applications Area:
BTA (Benzotriazole)s are a class of organic compounds used in a variety of domestic, commercial, and industrial applications and products.
To date, there have been several main categories of use for these compounds.
Firstly, they are used as additives to provide ultraviolet (UV) stabilization for plastics, paints, coatings, and films.
Secondly, they are used as additives to prevent metal corrosion.
These compounds have also been used to a lesser extent in photographic film processes and in the preparation and synthesis of specialty chemicals.
BTA (Benzotriazole) has also been used as an additive in corrosion-inhibitory coatings applied as silver layers onto plastic film.
Preventing corrosion of metal components is important in many industrial and commercial applications.
BTA (Benzotriazole) and its derivatives are used as corrosion inhibitors in many metals and alloys such as copper, solder, brass, steel, cast iron, and aluminum.
For example, experiments have shown that BTA (Benzotriazole)s are strong corrosion inhibitors in heat exchangers, heating systems, or automatic radiators.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is also used as an antioxidant additive in rust inhibitors, antifreeze fluids, lubricating oils, hydraulic oils, brake fluids, and transformer oils; as an emulsifier, water stabilizer, additive for high molecular weight materials such as polyester and polyesteramide; for ultraviolet resistance and antistatic electrical capacity; as a photographic anti-fogging agent; in copper ore flotation; and for slowing metal corrosion, etc.
BTA (Benzotriazole) and its derivatives form an important class of corrosion inhibitors, commonly used as trace additives in industrial chemical mixtures such as coolants, de-icers, surface coatings, cutting fluids, and hydraulic fluids.
BTA (Benzotriazole) and its derivatives are widely used to prevent copper and other "yellow metal" corrosion in many applications.
They are found in numerous domestic and industrial products such as de-icing fluids, automotive coolants, antifreezes, cutting fluids, hydraulic brake fluids, and coating materials.
They are also used as polishing agents in the metal plating industry.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is known for its use in aircraft de-icing and antifreeze fluids.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is an anticorrosive agent used in aircraft de-icing and antifreeze fluids, which are critical for the safety and smooth operation of airports in cold climates.
Therefore, they are used in extremely large quantities in antifreeze fluids.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is estimated that 3,785 liters are used each time to de-ice a large passenger jet, and that 8,000,000 liters of these chemicals are used annually in Canada alone.
The compound is also an anticorrosive agent used in dishwasher detergents.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper-based alloys.
The copper surface reacts with physically adsorbed BTA (Benzotriazole) molecules, precipitating insoluble copper-BTA (Benzotriazole) complexes on the surface.
Physical and Chemical Properties of BTA (Benzotriazole):
BTA (Benzotriazole) is in the form of a white to brown crystalline powder.
BTA (Benzotriazole)'s melting point is 98.5-100°C; boiling point is 350°C (15mmHg).
BTA (Benzotriazole) can be processed in flake, granule, powder, needle, and dome shapes.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, and other organic solvents.
BTA (Benzotriazole) has a crystalline structure and is in powder form.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a good inhibitor in brass.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is effective for most copper-based materials and provides protection in aqueous and gaseous environments contaminated with sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and salt mist.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is known as one of the best corrosion inhibitors for copper and its alloys in a wide variety of environments.
Most of the studies conducted on copper involve immersion of the copper or its alloy in a BTA (Benzotriazole) solution.
Chemisorption of the inhibitor on the surface is known to increase the resistance of copper to atmospheric oxidation.
BTA (Benzotriazole) can be applied as an aqueous solution or incorporated into polishes.
The chemical is known to be harmful to aquatic organisms.
BTA (Benzotriazole) may cause skin sensitization with prolonged exposure.
The substance can be absorbed into the body through inhalation and ingestion of aerosols.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is stable in acids and alkalis.
One of the biggest environmental concerns regarding BTA (Benzotriazole) is its high resistance to biodegradation.
The compound is toxic and does not biodegrade.
However, laboratory tests have been conducted by lab technicians to investigate whether ultraviolet irradiation can break down the compound and reduce toxicity.
The tests showed that BTA (Benzotriazole) can be broken down by ultraviolet irradiation when the pH is below 7.
A reduction in toxicity of approx. 65% was observed at the BTA (Benzotriazole) concentration.
Environmental Relevance of BTA (Benzotriazole):
BTA (Benzotriazole) is fairly water-soluble, is not readily degraded, and has a limited sorption tendency.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is only partly removed in wastewater treatment plants and a substantial fraction reaches surface water such as rivers and lakes.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is of low toxicity and a low health hazard to humans although exhibiting some antiestrogenic properties.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a common "polar organic persistent pollutant", often detected at >0.1 μg/L.
One source of this pollution is their use in deicing agents in airports.
Another source is dishwasher detergents, and some manufacturers are moving away from BTA (Benzotriazole) to address pollution concerns.
Production of BTA (Benzotriazole):
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a class of heterocyclic organic compounds with a ring system containing three nitrogen atoms, and its fused benzene ring exhibits a wide range of biological activity.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is synthesized by diazotization using benzene-1,2-diamine with sodium nitrite and acetic acid.
The image below summarizes the reaction for the production of BTA (Benzotriazole).
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C6H5N3.
BTA (Benzotriazole)'s five-membered ring contains three consecutive nitrogen atoms.
This bicyclic compound can be seen as fused rings of the aromatic compounds benzene and triazole.
BTA (Benzotriazole) can also be synthesized using benzene-1,2-diamine and carboxylic acid.
These chemicals have been in commercial production and use since the late 1950s, with volumes exceeding half a million kilograms annually.
This white to light brown solid has various uses, for example, as a corrosion inhibitor for copper.
BTA (Benzotriazole) exhibits a wide range of biological and pharmacological activity.
BTA (Benzotriazole)s are a class of organic compounds used as metal anticorrosion and ultraviolet stabilizer additives in a wide variety of commercial and industrial applications.
Some BTA (Benzotriazole) compounds exhibit the characteristic behavior of persistent organic pollutants, and emerging evidence suggests long-term preservation and persistence in sediments.
Other BTA (Benzotriazole)s associated with corrosion inhibitor applications appear to be highly resistant to degradation, relatively water-soluble, and toxic to aquatic organisms.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a bicyclic heterocyclic system consisting of three nitrogen atoms and a fused benzene ring.
BTA (Benzotriazole) possesses a broad spectrum of biological activity, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and analgesic properties.
Structure and Synthesis of BTA (Benzotriazole):
BTA (Benzotriazole) features two fused rings.
BTA (Benzotriazole) can in principle exist as tautomers, but X-ray crystallography establishes the structure with hydrogen at the 1 position.
The N=N and HN−N distances are 1.306 Å and 1.340 Å.
BTA (Benzotriazole) can be prepared by the reaction of o-phenylenediamine with a mixture sodium nitrite and acetic acid.
Reactions of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Acid-base behavior:
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a weak Bronsted acid with a pKa = 8.2.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is a weak Brønsted base, as indicated by the low pKa < 0 of its conjugate acid, [HBTA]+.
BTA (Benzotriazole) is also a Lewis base, binding Lewis acids at the C−N=N center.
A variety coordination complexes are known such as the tetrahedral 2:1 derivative with zinc chloride, ZnCl2(BTA)2.
In some complexes, BTA (Benzotriazole) binds metals as its conjugate base forming polymers and oligomers.
BTA (Benzotriazole) binds to copper surfaces, serving as a corrosion inhibitor.
N-alkylation:
Deprotonation of BTA followed by treatment with alkyl halides gives a mixture of 1- and 2-alkyl derivatives.
Aromatic aldehydes (ArCHO) in the presence of ethanol gives BTA (Benzotriazole)-based N,O-acetals:
ArCHO + BtH + EtOH → ArCH(OEt)(Bt) + H2O
These acetals are susceptible to deprotonation, giving access to acylsilanes and acylboranes.
N-amination of BTA (Benzotriazole) with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid gives 1-aminoBTA (Benzotriazole).
Oxidation of this amine with lead(IV) acetate affords benzyne, which rapidly dimerises to biphenylene.
Stability and Reactivity of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal storage and handling conditions.
Reactivity:
No significant reactivity is expected under normal use.
Conditions to Avoid:
Avoid excessive heat and incompatible materials.
Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents should be avoided.
Handling and Storage of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Safe Handling:
Avoid dust formation and use adequate ventilation.
Storage Conditions:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area with the container tightly closed.
First Aid Measures of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air.
Skin Contact:
Wash with soap and water.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with plenty of water.
Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth and seek medical advice if necessary.
Firefighting Measures of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear suitable protective equipment.
Accidental Release Measures of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Personal Precautions:
Avoid breathing dust and unnecessary contact.
Cleanup Methods:
Collect carefully and place in a suitable closed container.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Engineering Controls:
Provide adequate ventilation.
Eye Protection:
Wear safety glasses or goggles.
Hand Protection:
Use suitable chemical-resistant gloves.
Respiratory Protection:
Use dust protection where airborne particles may be generated.
Identifiers of BTA (Benzotriazole):
CAS Number: 95-14-7
EC Number: 202-394-1
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Mass: 119.12 g/mol
PubChem CID: 7220
CAS Number: 95-14-7
ChEBI: CHEBI:75331
ChEMBL: ChEMBL84963
ChemSpider: 6950
ECHA InfoCard: 100.002.177
EC Number: 202-394-1
PubChem CID: 7220
RTECS number: DM1225000
UNII: 86110UXM5Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID6020147
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H5N3/c1-2-4-6-5(3-1)7-9-8-6/h1-4H,(H,7,8,9)
Key: QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C6H5N3/c1-2-4-6-5(3-1)7-9-8-6/h1-4H,(H,7,8,9)
Key: QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYAH
SMILES: n1c2ccccc2[nH]n1
Product Name: BTA (Benzotriazole)
CAS Number: 95-14-7
EC Number: 202-394-1
Molecular Formula: C6H5N³
Purity: 99%
Appearance: White – light brown crystalline powder
Properties of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Chemical formula: C6H5N3
Molar mass: 119.127 g·mol−1
Appearance: Light yellow solid
Density: 1.369 g/cm3
Melting point: 98.5 °C (209.3 °F; 371.6 K)
Boiling point: 204 °C (399 °F; 477 K) (15 mmHg (2.0 kPa))
Solubility in water: 1.9 g/100mL
log P: 1.34
Vapor pressure: 0.053 hPa (0.00077 psi)
Acidity (pKa): 8.2
Basicity (pKb): > 14
Chemical Name: BTA (Benzotriazole)
Chemical Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12 g/mol
Cas No: 95-14-7
Aqueous pH: 5.0-6.0
Density: 1.36 g/cm³
Melting Point: 98.5-100°C
Boiling Point: 350 °C
Solubility: 19 g/L
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Mass: 119.12 g/mol
Melting Point: approx. 96–100°C
Boiling Point: approx. 350°C
Density: approx. 1.36 g/cm³
Structure of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Crystal structure: triclinic
Space group: P1, No. 2
Point group: 1
Lattice constant: a = 4.2422(11) Å, b = 17.827(6) Å, c = 20.685(7) Å, α = 72.63(3)°, β = 87.15(2)°, γ = 86.23(3)°
Lattice volume (V): 1489.0(8) Å3
Formula units (Z): 10
Related compounds of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Benzimidazole
Tolyltriazole
Names of BTA (Benzotriazole):
Preferred IUPAC name:
1H-1,2,3-BTA (Benzotriazole)
Other names:
1H-BTA (Benzotriazole)
1,2,3-BTA (Benzotriazole)
