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BUTYL HYDROXY TOLUENE

Butylated Hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is an organic chemical composed of 4-methylphenol modified with tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6. Butylated hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) inhibits autoxidation of unsaturated organic compounds. Butyl hydroxy toluene is used in food, cosmetics and industrial fluids to prevent oxidation and free radical formation.

 

 

CAS no: 128-37-0

 

SYNONYM:

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 128-37-0; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Butylhydroxytoluene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol; Ionol; DBPC; Dibunol; Stavox; Butyl hydroxy toluene; Ionol CP; Impruvol; Topanol; Dalpac; Deenax; Ionole; Vianol; Antioxidant KB; 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; Antioxidant 4K; Sumilizer Butyl hydroxy toluene; Topanol O; Topanol OC; Vanlube PC; Antioxidant DBPC; Sustane Butyl hydroxy toluene; Tenamene 3; Vanlube PCX; Antioxidant 29; Antioxidant 30; Nonox TBC; Tenox Butyl hydroxy toluene; Chemanox 11; 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol; Ionol 1; Agidol; Catalin CAO-3; Advastab 401; Ionol (antioxidant); BUKS; Parabar 441; Paranox 441; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol; Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-; Catalin antioxydant 1; Antrancine 8; Butylated hydroxytoluol; Vulkanox KB; Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; Dibutylated hydroxytoluene; Kerabit; Tonarol; Ional; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; AO 4K; CAO 1; CAO 3; Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Antioxidant MPJ; Antioxidant 4; Toxolan P; Alkofen BP; o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Swanox Butyl hydroxy toluene; Tenamen 3; Antox QT; Antioxidant 264; 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol; Agidol 1; Butyl hydroxy toluene (food grade); 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; AO 29; NCI-C03598; 2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ); Antioxidant T 501; Nocrac 200; 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol; 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene; Caswell No. 291A; Dbpc (technical grade); P 21; Annulex Butyl hydroxy toluene; AOX 4K; Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ); 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. Butylfenol; AOX 4; 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene; MFCD00011644; Di-tert-butylcresol; CCRIS 103; Butylohydroksytoluenu [Polish]; UNII-1P9D0Z171K; Butylated hydroxytoluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene); FEMA No. 2184; Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (VAN); Dbpc(technical grade)

 

Butylated hydroxy toluene ( BHT ), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.[7] Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers Butyl hydroxy toluene to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods. Despite this, and the earlier determination by the National Cancer Institute that Butyl hydroxy toluene was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) has also been postulated as an antiviral drug, but as of March 2020, use of Butyl hydroxy toluene as a drug is not supported by the scientific literature and it has not been approved by any drug regulatory agency for use as an antiviral. Phytoplankton, including the green algae Botryococcus braunii, as well as three different cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp.) are capable of producing Butyl hydroxy toluene as a natural product. The fruit lychee also produces Butyl hydroxy toluene in its pericarp.[9] Several fungi (example Aspergillus conicus) living in olives produce Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ). 

 

The chemical synthesis of Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid:  CH3(C6H4)OH + 2 CH2=C(CH3)2 → ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH
Alternatively, Butyl hydroxy toluene has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis. The species behaves as a synthetic analog of vitamin E, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses autoxidation, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen. Butyl hydroxy toluene stops this autocatalytic reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides. It effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom: 
RO2• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO•
RO2• + ArO• → nonradical products where R is alkyl or aryl, and where ArOH is Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) or related phenolic antioxidants. Each Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) consumes two peroxy radicals. Butyl hydroxy toluene is listed under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.

 

Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT )  is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive. In the United States, it is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on a National Cancer Institute study from 1979 in rats and mice.  It is approved for use in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration: For example, 21 CFR § 137.350(a)(4) allows Butyl hydroxy toluene up to 0.0033% by weight in "enriched rice", while 9 CFR § 381.147](f)(1) allows up to 0.01% in poultry "by fat content". It is permitted in the European Union under E321. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods. With this usage Butyl hydroxy toluene maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.
Some food companies have voluntarily eliminated Butyl hydroxy toluene from their products or have announced that they were going to phase it out. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid. In the petroleum industry, where Butyl hydroxy toluene is known ( BHT ) as the fuel additive AO-29, it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels. Butyl hydroxy toluene is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals. It is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage.[citation needed] Some additive products contain Butyl hydroxy toluene as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Like many closely related phenol antioxidants, Butyl hydroxy toluene has low acute toxicity[6] (e.g., the desmethyl analog of Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, has an LD50 of >9 g/kg[11]). The US Food and Drug Administration classifies Butyl hydroxy toluene as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a food preservative when used according in an approved manner. In 1979, the National Cancer Institute determined that Butyl hydroxy toluene was noncarcinogenic in a mouse model.

 

Nevertheless, the World Health Organization discussed a possible link between Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) and cancer risk in 1986, and some primary research studies in the 1970s–1990s reported both potential for increased risk and potential for decreased risk in the area of oncology. As well, concern has been expressed regarding a dietary role for Butyl hydroxy toluene in asthma and behavioral issues in children.  Because of this uncertainty, the Center for Science in the Public Interest puts Butyl hydroxy toluene in its "caution" column and recommends avoiding it. Based on various, disparate primary research reports, Butyl hydroxy toluene has been suggested to have anti-viral activity, and the reports divide into various study types. First, there are studies that describe virus inactivation—where treatment with the chemical results in disrupted or otherwise inactivated virus particles. The action of Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT )  in these is akin to the action of many other organic compounds, e.g., quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolics, and detergents, which disrupt viruses by insertion of the chemical into the virus membrane, coat, or other structure, which are established methods of viral disinfection secondary to methods of chemical oxidation and UV irradiation. In addition, there is a report of Butyl hydroxy toluene use, topically against genital herpes lesions, a report of inhibitory activity in vitro against pseudorabies (in cell culture), and two studies, in veterinary contexts, of use of Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) to attempt to protect against virus exposure (pseudorabies in mouse and swine, and Newcastle in chickens). The relevance of other reports, regarding influenza in mice, is not easily discerned. Notably, this series of primary research reports does not support a general conclusion of independent confirmation of the original research results, nor are there critical reviews appearing thereafter, in secondary sources, for the various host-virus systems studied with Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ).

Hence, at present, the results do not present a scientific consensus in favour of the conclusion of the general antiviral potential of Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) when dosed in humans. Moreover, as of March 2020, no guidance from any of the internationally recognized associations of infectious disease specialists had advocated use of Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) products as an antiviral therapy or prophylactic. Butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) is a white crystalline solid. White, crystalline or flaky solid, odorless or with a characteristic faint aromatic odor. Butylated Hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) is an organic chemical composed of 4-methylphenol modified with tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6. Butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) inhibits the autoxidation of unsaturated organic compounds. Butyl hydroxy toluene is ( BHT ) used in food, cosmetics and industrial fluids to prevent oxidation and free radical formation. It has a role as an antioxidant and a food additive. Synthetic antioxidants commonly used in food include butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxy toluene, propyl gallate (PG), and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Both BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene are fat soluble, effective in protecting animal fat from oxidation, and are often added during the machining process.
Butyl hydroxy toluene; It is an important commercial chemical used as a preservative in food, cosmetics and personal care products, paints, inks, animal feeds and many commercial products. An antioxidant for food, animal feed, petroleum products, jet fuels, rubber, plastic and food products, food packaging and animal feed, synthetic rubbers, plastics, animal and vegetable oils, soaps. In paints and inks, it is an anti-skin agent.

 

Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is used as a preservative in some foods. With this use, Butyl hydroxy toluene preserves its freshness or prevents spoilage; It can be used to reduce the rate at which the texture, color or flavor of food changes.
Butyl hydroxy toluene is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is used as an antioxidant that finds many applications in a wide variety of industries. Used in land vehicles and aviation gasoline; lubricating, turbine and insulating oils; waxes, synthetic and natural rubbers, paints, plastics and elastomers. It protects these materials from oxidation during long-term storage. Highly purified grades are suitable for use in foods to delay the oxidation of animal fats, vegetable oils and fat-soluble vitamins. It is also used in cosmetic and food packaging materials such as wax paper, cardboard and polyethylene. It is important in delaying the rancidity of oils and fats in animal feeds and protecting the essential nutrients and pigment-forming compounds of these foods.

 

Antioxidants; Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that prevent or delay oxidation reactions. They resist the harmful effects of oxidation in animal tissues. It is insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, acetone, benzene, petroleum ether. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is white or light yellow crystal. Butyl hydroxy toluene has a melting point of 71 ° C, a boiling point of 265 ° C, a relative density of 1.048 (20/4 ° C) and a refractive index of 1.4859 (75 ° C). Solubility of Butyl hydroxy toluene at normal temperature: methanol 25, ethanol 25-26, isopropanol 30, mineral oil 30, acetone 40, petroleum ether 50, benzene 40, lard (40-50 ° C) 40-50, corn oil and soybean oil 40 -50. Butyl hydroxy toluene is insoluble in water, 10NaOH solution, glycerol and propylene glycol. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is odorless, odorless and has good thermal stability.

 

Butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) metabolites cause DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis), which alleviates inflammation. Inhibiting secretion, aggregation and protein phosphorylation caused by protein kinase C activators during the pre-incubation process of aspirin-treated platelets. Inhibiting liver cancer formation caused by aflatoxin B1. As the Michael receptor, butylated hydroxytoluene can react with uninucleophiles and proteins. Reaction of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol with fluorine (II) - benzophenone dianion complex. The food additive 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol can promote acute lung toxicity and tumor growth in mice. Butylated hydroxytoluene can be used to prepare the organoaluminum compound methylaluminum bis (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-alkylphenol oxide). Butylated hydroxy toluene ( BHT ), aromas, fragrances, biochemical reagents-other chemical reagents, chemical raw materials, organic chemical raw materials, biochemical, inorganic salts, antioxidants, food additives, feed additives, feed storage additives, aromatic hydrocarbons, bulk medicines. has. and such that.  As a phenolic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene can inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit electrophilic quinone methyl ether toxicity mediated by oxidative metabolism. Butyl hydroxy toluene metabolites, 6-tert-butyl-2- [2 '- (2′-hydroxymethyl) -propyl] -4-methylphenol, can cause lung damage and promote tumor growth in mice. Butyl hydroxy toluene is a phenolic antioxidant. Butyl hydroxy toluene can inhibit lipid peroxidation and cause lung damage in mice, and Butyl hydroxy toluene can promote tumor growth due to metabolites of 6-tert-butyl-2- [2 - (2′-hydroxymethyl) -propyl] -4-. Methylphenol. Butyl hydroxy toluene metabolites have been reported to cause DNA strand breaks and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis) in cultured cells. A single intraperitoneal injection of Butyl hydroxy toluene (60 mg / kg body weight) resulted in a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyltransferase activity in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, and lung.  Antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene is found in food, adhesive adhesives, industrial oils and greases, including cutting fluids. Sensitivity seems very rare. 

 

BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) are monohydric phenolic antioxidants that were used to protect oil against oxidative degumming before they entered the food industry and were accepted. Butyl hydroxy toluene has a very weak, musty, occasional crescent-like scent. BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene are widely used as antioxidants in foods. Most fat, oil, and fat-containing foods are naturally susceptible to rapid mixing and other oxidative reactions that produce compounds with an unpleasant taste and odor, making the foods containing them tasteless. Lipid oxidation is autocatalytic and proceeds as a complex of chain reactions whose nature and speed vary according to the substrate, temperature, light, availability of oxygen, and the presence or absence of oxidation catalysts. Antioxidants are of great interest to the food industry, as they prevent pain. For example, butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ), butylated hydroxyanisole, and EDTA are often used to preserve various foods such as cheese or fried products. Butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) is a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, but high doses can cause oxidative DNA damage and cancer development in the rat forestomach. Butylated Hydroxytoluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene) is an antioxidant that functions similarly to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) but is less stable at high temperatures. It is also called 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol. See Butylated Hydroxyanisole.

 

As general antioxidants, antioxidant 264 is widely used in polymer materials, petroleum products, and food processing industries. Antioxidant 264 is the commonly used rubber antioxidant, it has some protective effects of heat, oxygen aging, but can also prevent copper damage This product does not change color or contaminate. Antioxidants 264 High solubility in oil, no precipitation, less volatile, non-toxic and non-corrosive. Butylated hydroxytoluene is used as an antioxidant in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. It is mainly used to delay or prevent oxidative rancidity of fats and to prevent the loss of activity of fat-soluble vitamins. Butylated hydroxytoluene is also used in natural or synthetic rubber at a concentration of 0.5-1.0% w / w to provide improved color stability.
Butylated hydroxy toluene ( BHT ), chemically referred to as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC); butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) is used as a food antioxidant. These phenol derivatives react with free radicals and slow down the rate of autooxidation that causes changes in the color and flavor of the food. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ); It is a white colored and crystalline substance that is well soluble in oils but insoluble in water, and its boiling point is 265 ° C at 760 mmHg pressure. Although this substance has low activity in vegetable oils such as BHA, when it is used with other antioxidants, its ability to protect the food to which the oil is added is utilized. BHA; While it shows a synergistic effect with Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ), it cannot show a synergistic effect with gallates. BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene, which are classified as synthetic antioxidants; They are widely used food additives, extremely soluble in fat and insoluble in water.

 

BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene; slows down the rancidity in fats, oils and foods containing oil; It prevents the color, aroma or texture changes that may arise from exposure of these products to air in the products where vegetable originated oils are used such as various cereal products, chewing gum, potato chips. Apart from these products, Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is also used as a filler in vitamin and mineral additive preparations. In recent years, people who want to eat healthier foods prefer products containing unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats instead of saturated animal fats. Unfortunately, products containing unsaturated fat are more susceptible to oxidation and deteriorate more easily. In order to prevent this undesired oxidation process, various technologies (vacuuming, packaging, etc.) are beneficial, but adding antioxidants to the products; It is one of the most effective options for increasing the shelf life of products. Butyl hydroxy toluene and BHA, which show a synergistic effect when used together; It gives very good results especially in products containing hazelnuts and hazelnuts. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ); It is a white colored and crystalline substance that is well soluble in oils but insoluble in water, and has a boiling point of 265 at 760 mmHg pressure. Although this substance has low activity in vegetable oils such as BHA, when it is used with other antioxidants, its ability to protect the food to which the oil is added is utilized. BHA; While it shows a synergistic effect with Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) , it cannot show a synergistic effect with gallates.

 

BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene, which are classified as synthetic antioxidants; They are widely used food additives, extremely soluble in fat and insoluble in water. BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ); slows down the rancidity in fats, oils and foods containing oil; It prevents the color, aroma or texture changes that may arise from exposure of these products to air in the products where vegetable originated oils such as various grain products, chewing gum, potato chips are used. Apart from these products, butyl hydroxy toluene is also used as a filler in vitamin and mineral additive preparations. In recent years, people who want to eat healthier foods prefer products containing unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats instead of saturated animal fats. Unfortunately, products containing unsaturated fat are more susceptible to oxidation and deteriorate more easily. In order to prevent this unwanted oxidation process, various technologies (vacuuming, packaging, etc.) are beneficial, but adding antioxidants to the products; It is one of the most effective options for increasing the shelf life of products. Butyl hydroxy toluene, which shows a synergistic effect when used together, gives very good results especially in products containing hazelnuts and hazelnuts. Butyl hydroxy toluene is used in the plastic, rubber, and oil industry, far greater than its use in food. Butyl hydroxy toluene used in packaging materials due to its vapor volatility; It penetrates into food from packaging such as BHA. In this application, antioxidants are either directly added to the waxes used to make the waxy inner layer of the packaging or applied as an emulsion on the packaging. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) stands for butyl hydroxy toluene and is a synthetic antioxidant that is added to foods to preserve color, odor and aroma in packaged products. This artificial antioxidant, called butyl hydroxy toluene, basically slows down the oxidation process and protects the fat in the food, thus preserving its place on the shelf without spoiling the foods for a long time.

 

It is known to be widely added to cereals, frozen ready meals, chewing gum, alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages and breads. This preservative, called butyl hydroxy toluene, is often used in combination with another preservative called BHA. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) and BHA are also used in foods commonly consumed by children. For example, cereal breakfast snacks often contain these ingredients. Preservatives such as butyl hydroxy toluene may also be indicated on the package by code. Code E321 belongs to the chemical Butyl hydroxy toluene. In one example, traditionally refined coconut oil processed by farmers is less durable than factory processed. The addition of Butyl Hydroxy Toluene ( BHT ) to coconut oil has been known to reduce its rancidity and increase its durability due to long-term storage. Coconut oil processed by farmers was expected to be stored for up to 3 months with various treatments. The aim of this study is to recommend the use of precise concentration of Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) by farmers to prevent the rancidity of refined coconut oil. The study consisted of three treatments: control, 0.01% and 0.02% Butyl hydroxy toluene addition. Analysis of the three treatments showed a significant difference in the degree of rancidity for the 0.01% and 0.02% Butyl hydroxy toluene addition compared to the control. Therefore, it may be suggested to farmers to add 0.01% Butyl hydroxy toluene treatment to extend the storage life of refined coconut oil. Butyl hydroxy toluene is used in fat-containing products such as breakfast cereals, dry soups, processed meat products and fish products, potato flakes, crackers and snack foods. Butyl hydroxy toluene is a phenolic antioxidant additive used in foods to prevent changes in color, taste and odor caused by oxidation. BHA (butyl hydroxyanisole) and Butyl hydroxy toluene (butyl hydroxytoluene) are phenolic compounds that are often added to foods to protect fats and oils and prevent them from solidifying. Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is used to preserve the nutritional level, color, taste and odor of oil-containing, food, cosmetics and packaging products. 

 

Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) is also an antioxidant and sold as a nutritional supplement. Butyl hydroxy toluene has a white powder structure. BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene are antioxidants. Oxygen reacts preferably with BHA or Butyl hydroxy toluene instead of fats or oils to protect them from degradation. In addition to oxidizability, BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene are oil soluble. It is incompatible with ferric salts in both molecules. Butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) is white or light yellow crystal. Butyl hydroxy toluene has a melting point of 71 ° C, a boiling point of 265 ° C, a relative density of 1.048 (20/4 ° C), and a refractive index of 1.4859 (75 ° C). Solubility of Butyl hydroxy toluene at normal temperature: methanol 25, ethanol 25-26, isopropanol 30, mineral oil 30, acetone 40, petroleum ether 50, benzene 40, lard (40-50 ° C) 40-50, corn oil and soybean oil 40 -50. Butyl hydroxy toluene is insoluble in water, 10NaOH solution, glycerol, and propylene glycol. Butyl hydroxy toluene is odorless, odorless with good thermal stability.

 

The applications of butylated hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) have been reported as following : Butylated hydroxytoluene metabolites causing DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis), which result in relieving inflammation. Inhibiting secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation caused by protein kinase C activators at the process of the pre-incubation of aspirin-treated platelets. Inhibiting liver cancer formation induced by aflatoxin B1. As Michael receptor, butylated hydroxytoluene can react with uninucleophiles and proteins. Reaction of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol with fluorine (II) - benzophenone dianion complex.  Food additive 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol can promote acute lung toxicity and tumor growth in mice. Butylated hydroxytoluene can be used to prepare organoaluminum compound methylaluminum bis (2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-alkylphenol oxide). Butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) has wide application, such as flavors, fragrances, biochemical reagents-other chemical reagents, chemical raw materials, organic chemical raw materials, biochemical, inorganic salts, antioxidants, food additives, feed additives, feed storage additives, aromatic hydrocarbons, bulk drugs and so on. As a phenolic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene can inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit electrophilic quinone methyl ether toxicity mediated by oxidative metabolism. The Butyl hydroxy toluene metabolites, 6-tert-butyl-2- [2 ′-(2′-hydroxymethyl) -propyl] -4-methylphenol, may cause lung damage in mice and promote tumor growth. Butyl hydroxy toluene is a phenolic antioxidant. Butyl hydroxy toluene can inhibit lipid peroxidation and cause lung injury in mice and promote tumor growth, which may be due to the metabolites of Butyl hydroxy toluene, 6-tert-butyl-2-[2′-(2′-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-Methylphenol. 

 

Butyl hydroxy toluene metabolites have also been reported to cause DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis). A single intraperitoneal injection of Butyl hydroxy toluene (60mg/kg body weight) into rats caused a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyltransferase activity in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, and lung. BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) are monohydric phenolic antioxidants that, prior to their introduction and acceptance in the food industry, were used to protect petroleum against oxidative degumming. Butyl hydroxy toluene has a very faint, musty, occasional cresylictype odor. BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene are extensively used in foods as antioxidants. Most fats, oils and fat-containing foods are naturally susceptible to rapid rancification and other oxidative reactions that produce compounds having objectionable taste and odor, making foods containing them unpalatable. Lipid oxidation is autocatalytic and proceeds as a complex of chain reactions, the nature and speed of which vary with the substrate, temperature, light, availability of oxygen and presence or absence of oxidation catalysts. Antioxidants like Butyl hydroxy toluene ( BHT ) act as “chain breaks” in the autooxidation processes under the usual conditions of processing, storage and use of fat-containing foods. Because they prevent rancidity, antioxidants are of great interest to the food industry. For example, butylated hydroxytoluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and EDTA are frequently used to preserve various foods, such as cheese or fried products. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a powerful inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, yet large doses of it can induce oxidative DNA damage and cancer development in the rat forestomach. Butylated Hydroxytoluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene) is an antioxidant that functions similarly to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) but is less stable at high temperatures. It is also termed 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol. See Butylated Hydroxyanisole. Antioxidant 264 as general antioxidants is used widely in polymer materials, petroleum products and food processing industries. Antioxidant 264 is commonly used rubber antioxidant, heat, oxygen aging have some protective effect, but also can inhibit copper harm. This product does not change color, not pollution.

 

Antioxidants 264 high solubility in oil, no precipitation, less volatile, non-toxic and non-corrosive. Antioxidant for food, animal feed, petroleum products, synthetic rubbers, plastics, animal and vegetable oils, soaps. Antiskinning agent in paints and inks. Butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) is used as an antioxidant in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. It is mainly used to delay or prevent the oxidative rancidity of fats and oils and to prevent loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins. Butylated hydroxytoluene is also used at 0.5–1.0% w/w concentration in natural or synthetic rubber to provide enhanced color stability. Butylated hydroxytoluene has some antiviral activity and has been used therapeutically to treat herpes simplex labialis.  Butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is metabolized and excreted in the urine mainly as glucuronide conjugates of oxidation products. Although there have been some isolated reports of adverse skin reactions, butylated hydroxytoluene is generally regarded as nonirritant and nonsensitizing at the levels employed as an antioxidant. The WHO has set a temporary estimated acceptable daily intake for butylated hydroxytoluene at up to 125 μg/kg body-weight. Ingestion of 4 g of butylated hydroxytoluene, although causing severe nausea and vomiting, has been reported to be nonfatal. Exposure to light, moisture, and heat causes discoloration and a loss of activity. Butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) should be stored in a wellclosed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is phenolic and undergoes reactions characteristic of phenols. It is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents such as peroxides and permanganates. Contact with oxidizing agents may cause spontaneous combustion. Iron salts cause discoloration with loss of activity. Heating with catalytic amounts of acids causes rapid decomposition with the release of the flammable gas isobutene. 

 

 

 

 

 

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