BUTYLENE GLYCOL

Butylene glycol abuse became popular among teens and young adults at dance clubs and “raves” in the 1990s, and gained notoriety as a date rape drug.
Butylene glycol is a non-corrosive, colorless, high boiling liquid with a low order of toxicity.
Butylene glycol is completely soluble in water, most alcohols, esters, ketones, glycol ethers and acetates, but may be immiscible or partially miscible in common aliphatic and aromatic/chlorinated hydrocarbons. 

CAS Number: 110-63-4
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Molecular Weight: 90.12
EINECS Number: 203-786-5

Synonyms: 1,4-BUTANEDIOL, Butane-1,4-diol, 110-63-4, Tetramethylene glycol, 1,4-Butylene glycol, 1,4-Dihydroxybutane, 1,4-Tetramethylene glycol, Tetramethylene 1,4-diol, Sucol B, DIOL 14B, 1,4-BD, Agrisynth B1D, HO(CH2)4OH, CCRIS 5984, NSC 406696, HSDB 1112, HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH, UNII-7XOO2LE6G3, EINECS 203-786-5, 7XOO2LE6G3, BRN 1633445, 1,4 butylene glycol, DTXSID2024666, CHEBI:41189, AI3-07553, NSC-406696, DTXCID804666, EC 203-786-5, 4-01-00-02515 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), BDO, Dabco DBO, BU1, CAS-110-63-4, MFCD00002968, Dihydroxybutane, 4-hydroxybutanol, 1,4butanediol, 1.4-butanediol, Dabco BDO, 1,4-butandiol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,4-butane-diol, butane 1,4-diol, butane diol-1,4, butane-1-4-diol, 1,4- butandiol, Butan-1.4-diol, 1.4 - butanediol, 1,4-Butanediol, 99%, WLN: Q4Q, MLS001061198, CHEMBL171623, 1,4-BUTANEDIOL [MI], 1,4-BUTANEDIOL [HSDB], 1,4-BUTANEDIOL [INCI], HMS3039N12, Tox21_202245, Tox21_303040, NSC406696, STL283940, AKOS000118735, 1,4-Butanediol, for synthesis, 98%, CS-W016669, DB01955, 1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, NCGC00090733-01, NCGC00090733-02, NCGC00257119-01, NCGC00259794-01, BP-21418, SMR000677930, 1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, B0680, FT-0606811, F71206, 1,4-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, Q161521, J-503971, J-512798, F0001-0222, InChI=1/C4H10O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,1-4H, 732189-03-6

Butylene glycol is an industrial chemical, and is illicitly used as a substitute to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB).
Butylene glycol and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are structurally similar to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and there is evidence to confirm that GBL and BD are converted to GHB after oral administration. 
Butylene glycol is produced by Lyondell Chemical Company in a proprietary, multi-step reaction from propylene oxide. 

Butylene glycol is a versatile chemical intermediate because of its terminal, primary hydroxyl groups and its hydrophobic and chemical resistant nature. 
Polymers produced upon reaction with diacids or diisocyanates are the basis for many commercial polyurethane and polyester applications.
Butylene glycol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.

The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butylene glycol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: e.g. with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.
Butylene glycol is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
Butylene glycol is heat and light sensitive. 1,4-Butanediol reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates; reacts with oxidizing agents and reducing agents. 

Butylene glycol is incompatible with isocyanates and acids; also incompatible with peroxides, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, caustics, acetaldehyde, nitrogen peroxide and chlorine.
Butylene glycol is a colorless viscous liquid diol that can be obtained by 4 different processes. 
The first one is the Reppe process which consist of the reaction between the acetylene and the formaldehyde. 

In 1930, the Butylene glycol) synthesis has evolved to the developments of the second process, the Davy Process which is producing BDO from maleic anhydride / succinic acid.
The third process is the LyondellBassell process that allows use of BDO from Propylene Oxide. 
The last one is the Geminox Process-BP chemicals using BDO from Butane.

Butylene glycol can be produced through various chemical processes, including the catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or the oxidation of tetrahydrofuran (THF). 
These processes yield Butylene glycol as one of the products.

Butylene glycol seems to have two types of pharmacological actions. 
The major psychoactive effects of Butylene glycol are because it is metabolized into GHB; however there is a study suggesting that Butylene glycol may have potential alcohol-like pharmacological effects on its own.

The study arrived at this conclusion based on the finding that Butylene glycol coadministered with ethanol led to potentiation of some of the behavioral effects of ethanol.
However, potentiation of ethanol's effects may simply be caused by competition for the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes with co-administered Butylene glycol. 
The shared metabolic rate-limiting steps thus leads to slowed metabolism and clearance for both compounds including ethanol's known toxic metabolite acetaldehyde.

Another study found no effect following intracerebroventricular injection of Butylene glycol in rats.
This contradicts the hypothesis of Butylene glycol having inherent alcohol-like pharmacological effects.
Butylene glycol is safe only in small amounts. 

Adverse effects in higher doses include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation, vertigo, and potentially death if ingested in large amounts. 
Anxiolytic effects are diminished and side effects increased when used in combination with alcohol.
Butylene glycol is produced from sugars derived from the hydrolysis of starch, glucose syrup. 

Butylene glycol is produced through a single-step fermentation by a metabolically engineered strain of E.coli type bacteria.
Butylene glycol intermediate is a versatile diol precursor to numerous derivatives such as esters, carbamates, polyesters and urethanes. 
Butylene glycol is used mainly as a co-monomer in classical diol-condensation reactions with terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), with diisocyanates to produce polyurethanes and with diacids to yield polyesters with biodegradability characteristics. 

Butylene glycol is also used as an intermediate to make polyurethane that is used in auto bumpers and dash boards.
Butylene glycol intermediate’s reactive sites are its hydroxyl groups, which undergo all the typical reactions of alcohols. 
In addition to the condensation reactions noted above, it can be converted to simple esters and halides, dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dehydrogenated to gamma-butyrolactone.

Butylene glycol is produced by hydroformylation of allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is then followed by hydrogenation. 
Butylene glycol is a colorless liquid with high boiling point and low toxicity.
Butylene glycol is an organic compound belonging to the divalent alcohols. 

Butylene glycol is of great industrial importance as a starting material for numerous chemical synthesis processes and for the production of plastics. 
Large amounts of the substance are obtained in a two-stage process from formaldehyde and acetylene with subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate Butylene glycol. 
In addition, there are processes based on propene and maleic anhydride. 

Manufacturing processes based on the fermentation of renewable raw materials are also gradually gaining in importance.
Butylene glycol, also termed as 1,4-butylene glycol or butane-1,4-diol, is an organic compound that is primarily utilized in the production of plastics, fibers, and solvents.
Butylene glycol is a versatile chemical intermediate that possesses excellent durability, strength and thermal stability.

Butylene glycol has a wide application scope in several end-use industries including footwear, electronics, automotive and packaging among others. 
Butylene glycol is most commonly used to produce tetrahydrofuran (THF), an extremely flammable, colorless liquid employed as an intermediate in polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) production. 
This is then further processed to yield the highly popular apparel fiber - spandex, which is used in medical, automotive & sports applications.

Butylene glycol has a role as a neurotoxin, a protic solvent and a prodrug. 
It is a butanediol and a glycol.
Butylene glycol is a colorless and odorless liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents. 

Butylene glycol belongs to a class of compounds known as diols or glycols, which are characterized by having two hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbon atoms in their chemical structure.
Butylene glycol is a colorless viscous liquid. 
Butylene glycol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.

Butylene glycol is a colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16℃) with a high boiling point (230℃), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF). 
Butylene glycol has the molecular formula C4H10O2 and the molecular weight 90.12 g/mol. It is a colorless, viscous liquid. 
Butylene glycol is a colorless, viscous liquid derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of its molecular chain and is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.

The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butylene glycol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: for example with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates. 
Butylene glycol is a high-quality intermediate. BDO and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers. 
Additionally Butylene glycol is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols. 

BASF is the most significant producer of Butylene glycol and its derivatives worldwide.
Butylene glycol is a versatile liquid diol intermediate with reactive primary hydroxyl functionality and a linear structure that lends itself to formulating polyurethane elastomers with a superior balance of properties and cost. 

Butylene glycol, not to be confused with 1,3 butanediol, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. 
Butylene glycol, often abbreviated as BDO, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2. 
Butylene glycol is a Butane-1,4-diol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. 

Melting point: 16 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 230 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.017 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: <0.1 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Flash point: 135 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
pka: 14.73±0.10(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
PH: 7-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Viscosity: 83.2mm2/s
explosive limit: 1.95-18.3%(V)
Water Solubility: Miscible
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1633445
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, mineral acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
InChIKey:WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.88 at 25℃

Butylene glycol is controlled as a Schedule VI precursor in Canada.
Butylene glycol finds applications in tetrahydrofuran, polyurethane and polybutylene terephthalate resins production (major application spheres) among others Butylene glycol is traditionally produced from petrochemical-based sources; the recent trend in the industry is bio-BDO production (bio-butanediol from bio-succinic acid or from dextrose).

Asia Pacific dominates the world Butylene glycol market both in terms of production and consumption global consumption of butanediol is predicted to increase at 4-4.5% per year polyurethane production is expected to be the fastest growing segment of global Butylene glycol market, besides good demand from tetrahydrofuran and polybutylene terephthalate sectors will also stimulate the world butadiene market growth.
Butylene glycol is an important starting material for the production of solvents such as γ-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran. 

In addition, Butylene glycol itself serves as a solvent as well as a plasticizer, a humectant, a carrier fluid for ultrasonic applications, and as an additive in lubricants.
Butylene glycol of the highest quality - from a reliable partner who will also meet your requirements in the long term. 
The liquid can be delivered promptly in drums with a capacity of 200 kg or loose in iso containers and road tankers.

Butylene glycol is an important industrial material that can be used as a food additive and a flavoring agent such as Acetoin and Diacetyl, plasticizers for thermosetting polymeric materials, and precursors of polyurethanes used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. 
In particular, Butylene glycol can be applied as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care materials. 
In the case of raw cosmetics materials or personal care products, Butylene glycol assists in the development of natural ingredients rather than chemical synthesis. 

Processing techniques that maximize the efficacy of raw materials through the usage of technologies such as fermentation is actively underway.
Butylene glycol is a key component in the production of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU) plastics. 
In PU production, Butylene glycol is reacted with diisocyanates to form polyurethane polymers used in foam, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.

Butylene glycol is used in the textile industry to produce spandex fibers, which are known for their elasticity and stretch.
Butylene glycol serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and butanediol dimethacrylate (BDDMA).
Butylene glycol can be used as a solvent for various applications, such as cleaning agents and paint strippers.

In the production of polyurethane foams, Butylene glycol is often reacted with diisocyanates to form the polyurethane matrix. 
This process allows for the creation of foams with different properties, such as flexible foams used in upholstery and mattresses or rigid foams used in insulation.
Butylene glycol is a crucial component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are known for their exceptional elasticity and stretch. 

Apart from its role in polymer formation, Butylene glycol can undergo various chemical reactions, such as esterification and etherification, to produce derivatives with specific properties for different applications.
Due to its potential for conversion into GHB in the body when ingested, the misuse of Butylene glycol as a recreational drug is a significant safety concern. 
Butylene glycol is a central nervous system depressant and can lead to serious health risks, including overdose and addiction. 

As a result, many countries and regions have implemented strict controls and regulations on the sale and possession of Butylene glycol.
The regulatory status of Butylene glycol can vary by jurisdiction. 
In some places, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for misuse, while in others, it may be subject to industrial regulations.

In industrial settings, where proper safety measures are followed, exposure to Butylene glycol is generally controlled to minimize health risks. 
However, inhalation or skin contact with this chemical can still lead to irritation, and safety precautions should be followed to prevent exposure.
The environmental impact of Butylene glycol largely depends on its usage and disposal. 

A biological route to Butylene glycol has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism.
Production of Butylene glycol occurs in a reactor where high-pressure hydrogen is injected into a feedstock chemical stream to produce Butylene glycol. 
Within the reactor system, a set of high-pressure process pumps continuously recycle the Butylene glycol reactor fluid. 

With large quantities of gas being injected and consumed in the reactor process, the Butylene glycol recycle pumps face challenging conditions. 
In industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form Butylene glycol. 
Hydrogenation of Butylene glycol gives butane-1,4-diol.

Butylene glycol is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated. 
Other routes are from Butylene glycol, allyl acetate and succinic acid.
Butylene glycol is rapidly converted into gamma-hydroxybutyric acid by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and differing levels of these enzymes may account for differences in effects and side effects between users.

While co-administration of ethanol and GHB already poses serious risks, co-administration of ethanol with Butylene glycol will interact considerably and has many other potential risks. 
This is because the same enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing alcohol also metabolize Butylene glycol so there is a strong chance of a dangerous drug interaction.
Emergency room patients who overdose on both ethanol and Butylene glycol often present with symptoms of alcohol intoxication initially and as the ethanol is metabolized the Butylene glycol is then able to better compete for the enzyme and a second period of intoxication ensues as the Butylene glycol is converted into GHB.

While Butylene glycol is not currently scheduled federally in the United States, a number of states have classified Butylene glycol as a controlled substance. 
Individuals have been prosecuted for possession of Butylene glycol under the Federal Analog Act as substantially similar to GHB.
A federal case in New York in 2002 ruled that Butylene glycol could not be considered an analog of GHB under federal law, but that decision was later overturned by the Second Circuit.

A jury in Federal District Court in Chicago found that Butylene glycol was not an analog of GHB under federal law, which was not disputed on the case's appeal to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, however this finding did not affect the outcome of the case.

In the United Kingdom, Butylene glycol was scheduled in December 2009 (along with another GHB precursor, gamma-butyrolactone) as a Class C controlled substance. 
In Germany, the drug is not explicitly illegal, but might also be treated as illegal if used as a drug. 

Uses Of Butylene glycol:
Butylene glycol is used as a raw material and intermediate product in numerous processes in the chemical industry. 
Butylene glycol is used, among other things, for the production of polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates and polyesters.
Butylene glycol serves as a solvent in the production of plastics, resins, and other chemicals. 

Butylene glycols ability to dissolve a wide range of substances makes it valuable in industrial processes.
Butylene glycol is a key component in the synthesis of polyurethane, a versatile polymer used in the manufacture of foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
Butylene glycol is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs and medicines.

Butylene glycol is used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including some perfumes, vitamins, and herbicides.
Butylene glycol can be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skin creams, where it may act as a moisturizer or humectant.
One of the most significant applications of Butylene glycol is in the production of polyurethane (PU) materials. 

Butylene glycol is used as a diol component in the synthesis of PU foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers. 
PU is a versatile polymer known for its flexibility, durability, and insulation properties, making it valuable in various industries, including construction, automotive, and furniture.
Butylene glycol is used in the production of engineering plastics, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). 

These plastics find applications in automotive components, electrical connectors, and consumer goods due to their heat resistance and mechanical strength.
Butylene glycol is a critical component in the synthesis of spandex fibers, which are highly elastic and used in textiles and clothing. 
Spandex provides stretch and comfort in sportswear, swimwear, and undergarments.

Butylene glycol serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of various other chemicals. 
For example, it can be converted into gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), which is used as a solvent and precursor in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals.
Butylene glycol can be used as a solvent in industrial and commercial applications. 

Butylene glycol is effective at dissolving a wide range of substances and is used in processes like paint stripping and cleaning.
Butylene glycol can be employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
In some cosmetic and personal care products, Butylene glycol may be used as a humectant or moisturizer to help retain moisture in the skin.

Butylene glycol is used in the formulation of industrial cleaning products and degreasers.
Butylene glycol can participate in various chemical reactions, allowing for the synthesis of specialized chemicals for specific applications.
Butylene glycol is used to produce polybutyleneterephthalate, a thermoplastic polyester;and in making tetrahydrofuran, butyrolactones,and polymeric plasticizers.

Butylene glycol is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes. 
In organic chemistry, Butylene glycol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL). 
In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, it dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran.

At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
It is used to synthesize Butylene glycol diglycidyl ether which is then used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins.
In 2013, worldwide production was claimed to be billions of lbs (consistent with approximately one million metric tons).

Almost half of Butylene glycol is dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran to make fibers such as Spandex.
The largest producer is BASF.
Butylene glycol and Bio-BDO are commonly used as solvent but also as building block in PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate), COPE (Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers), TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane), PU (Polyurethane), Resins, PTMEG : Spandex fibres (polyester + diisocyanate) and Copolyester for Hot Melt Adhesive. 

Butylene glycol is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, especially in the automotive and construction industries. 
Butylene glycol can enhance the adhesive properties and flexibility of these products.
In addition to its role in plastics and adhesives, 
Butylene glycol is used in automotive manufacturing for components such as bumpers, dashboards, and interior trims. 

Butylene glycols incorporation into various automotive materials helps improve their strength and durability.
Butylene glycol may be used as a food additive in certain food products. 
Butylene glycol can also serve as a carrier for flavors and fragrances due to its neutral odor and taste.

Industrial coatings, including paints and varnishes, may contain Butylene glycol to improve their performance characteristics, such as adhesion, flexibility, and durability.
Butylene glycol is employed in the production of circuit boards and electrical insulation materials, where its properties contribute to the performance and reliability of electronic components.
In some wastewater treatment processes, Butylene glycol can be used as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvent for removing pollutants or contaminants from water.

Butylene glycol serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various chemicals, including plasticizers, lubricants, and specialty chemicals, used in different industrial applications.
In some formulations, Butylene glycol can be incorporated into lubricants and hydraulic fluids to improve their viscosity and performance characteristics.
Research has explored the use of Butylene glycol as a component in certain energy storage systems, such as redox flow batteries, due to its ability to store and release energy efficiently.

Butylene glycol can be used in the formulation of certain pesticides and herbicides, as well as in the synthesis of agricultural chemicals.
Butylene glycol is also used in laboratory settings and research applications as a versatile chemical reagent for various experimental and synthesis purposes.

Butylene glycol's largest use is within tetrahydrofuran (THF) production, used to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, which goes mainly into spandex fibers, urethane elastomers, and copolyester ethers.
Butylene glycol is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "Liquid Fantasy", "One Four Bee" or "One Four B-D-O". 
A few Federal Courts have stated that Butylene glycol exerts effects similar to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a metabolic product of Butylene glycol. 

Butylene glycol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.
Butylene glycol is used in the synthesis of epothilones, a new class of cancer drugs. Also used in the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide.
Butylene glycol is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.

Butylene glycol is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.
Butylene glycol undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.
Butylene glycol acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).

Butylene glycol finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.
Butylene glycol is also used as a plasticiser (e.g. in polyesters and cellulosics), as a carrier solvent in printing ink, a cleaning agent, an adhesive (in leather, plastics, polyester laminates and polyurethane footwear), in agricultural and veterinary chemicals and in coatings (in paints, varnishes and films).

Butylene glycol is a solvent with good antimicrobial action. 
Butylene glycol enhances the preservative activity of parabens. 
Butylene glycol also serves as a humectant and viscosity controller, and to mask odor.

Safety Profile Of Butylene glycol:
Butylene glycol a human poison by an unspecified route. 
Moderately toxic byingestion and intraperitoneal routes. 
Human systemic effects: altered sleep time. 

Incompatible with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Safety and Regulation: While Butylene glycol has many industrial uses, 

Butylene glycol is essential to handle it with care. 
Butylene glycol is considered a hazardous chemical, and its handling and transportation are subject to regulations and safety precautions. 
In addition, Butylene glycol should not be confused with substances like gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a recreational drug and illegal in many places.