CAFFEINE

Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance globally.

Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Caffeine is a drug of the methylxanthine class used for a variety of purposes, including certain respiratory conditions of the premature newborn, pain relief, and to combat drowsiness.

Caffeine can be sourced from coffee beans, but also occurs naturally in various teas and cacao beans, which are different than coffee beans.

Caffeine is also used in a variety of cosmetic products and can be administered topically, orally, by inhalation, or by injection. 

CAS Number: 58-08-2 
EC Number: 200-362-1 
Molecular Weight: 194.19 g/mol
MDL number: MFCD00005758
UNSPSC Code: 12352200
NACRES: NA.77
Molecular Formula: C8H10N4O2

SYNONYMS: Caffeine, 58-08-2, Guaranine, 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine, Methyltheobromine, Theine, Thein, Cafeina, Koffein, Mateina, Alert-pep, Caffein, Cafipel, Coffeine, Refresh'n, Stim, Anhydrous caffeine, Cafamil, Cafecon, Caffedrine, Caffine, Vivarin, Nodaca, No-Doz, Eldiatric C, Hycomine, Coffein, Dexitac, Organex, 7-Methyltheophylline, Nix Nap, Methyltheobromide, Coffeinum, Durvitan, Caffeine, synthetic, 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione, Phensal, Tirend, 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine, 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione, Quick-Pep, Theophylline, 7-methyl, Tri-Aqua, Synalgos, Kofein, Miudol, Caffeine, anhydrous, DHCplus, Theobromine, 1-methyl-, 1-methyltheobromine, 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-, Caffeine (natural), Xanthine, 1,3,7-trimethyl, Propoxyphene Compound 65, Methylxanthine theophylline, Kofein [Czech], Coffein [German], Koffein [German], caffenium, teina, Caffeina, Caffeina [Italian], NCI-C02733, Theophylline Me, Theobromine Me, 1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, CAFFEINE ANHYDROUS, FEMA No. 2224, 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, cafeine, SK-65 Compound, Caffeinum, Anacin, HSDB 36, Anacin Maximum Strength, P-A-C Analgesic Tablets, C8H10N4O2, BRN 0017705, NSC 5036, CCRIS 1314, 1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, AI3-20154, NSC-5036, EINECS 200-362-1, A.S.A. and Codeine Compound, UNII-3G6A5W338E, Caffeine melting point standard, DTXSID0020232, CHEBI:27732, 3G6A5W338E, MFCD00005758, CHEMBL113, Caffeine [USP:BAN:JAN], DTXCID40232, ESGIC COMPONENT CAFFEINE, TRIAD COMPONENT CAFFEINE, CFF, DIMENHYDRINATE IMPURITY C, FEMCET COMPONENT CAFFEINE, TREZIX COMPONENT CAFFEINE, ANOQUAN COMPONENT CAFFEINE, NSC5036, CAFERGOT COMPONENT CAFFEINE, EC 200-362-1, EXCEDRIN COMPONENT CAFFEINE, FIORICET COMPONENT CAFFEINE, FIORINAL COMPONENT CAFFEINE, MIGERGOT COMPONENT CAFFEINE, NORGESIC COMPONENT CAFFEINE, WIGRAINE COMPONENT CAFFEINE, DHC PLUS COMPONENT CAFFEINE, INVAGESIC COMPONENT CAFFEINE, LANORINAL COMPONENT CAFFEINE, 5-26-13-00558 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), ORPHENGESIC COMPONENT CAFFEINE, SYNALGOS-DC COMPONENT CAFFEINE, 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropurine, MEDIGESIC PLUS COMPONENT CAFFEINE, SYNALGOS-DC-A COMPONENT CAFFEINE, SK 65 Compound, DARVON COMPOUND COMPONENT CAFFEINE, INVAGESIC FORTE COMPONENT CAFFEINE, CAFFEINE (IARC), CAFFEINE [IARC], CAFFEINE (II), CAFFEINE [II], ORPHENGESIC FORTE COMPONENT CAFFEINE, Caffeine [BAN:JAN], CAFFEINE (MART.), CAFFEINE [MART.], CAFFEINE (USP-RS), CAFFEINE [USP-RS], Caffeine (USP:BAN:JAN), 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purin-2,6-dion, CAFFEINE (EP MONOGRAPH), CAFFEINE [EP MONOGRAPH], CAFFEINE (USP MONOGRAPH), CAFFEINE [USP MONOGRAPH], CAS-58-08-2, Caffeine (USP), SMR000326667, THEOPHYLLINE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY), THEOPHYLLINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], DIMENHYDRINATE IMPURITY C (EP IMPURITY), DIMENHYDRINATE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY], PENTOXIFYLLINE IMPURITY F (EP IMPURITY), PENTOXIFYLLINE IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY], SR-01000075187, Anhydrous caffeine (TN), Monomethyl derivative of Theophylline, Anhydrous caffeine (JP15), metilteobromina, DiurexUltimate, Kafeina, DiurexUltra, Respia, trimetilksantina, Awake, NoSnooze, Allertness Aid, Uplift Chewable, Alertness Aid, Conrx Alert, Sprayable Energy, Stay Awake, Alert Aid, Methyltheophylline, NoSnoozeCircle K, 1gfz, careone stay awake, Caffeine, BioXtra, Caffeine 200mg, Diurex Water Pills, Topcare Stay Awake, TNP00310, Monohydrate Caffeine, Caffeine1508, NoDoz Alertness Aid, Respia (TN), AwakeMaximum Strength, Sohmed Alertness Aid, 1-methyl-Theobromine, 357 Super Magnum, 7-methyl Theophylline, Cafergot (Salt/Mix), 1,7-Trimethylxanthine, Diurex Water PillsXPL, Spectrum_001301, 1l5q, 1l7x, 2a3b, 3g6m, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine, CAFFEINE [FHFI], CAFFEINE [HSDB], CAFFEINE [FCC], Xanthine,3,7-trimethyl, CAFFEINE [MI], 1 3 7-trimetilksantina, CAFFEINE [VANDF], CAFFEINUM [HPUS], 1,3,7-Trimethylxantine, Alertness Aid Stay Awake, Spectrum2_001261, Spectrum3_000321, Spectrum4_001782, Spectrum5_000423, Lopac-C-0750, 1 3 7-Trimethylxanthine, Caffeine 200 mg Tablets, Jet Alert Double Strength, Stay AwakeMaximum Strength, bmse000206, CAFFEINE [WHO-DD], CAFFEINE [WHO-IP], Jet Alert Regular Strength, MolMap_000054, Probes1_000150, Probes2_000128, C 0750, SCHEMBL5671, Caffeine Tablets, 200 mg, Anhydrous caffeine (JP18), NCIOpen2_008255, BIDD:PXR0172, Caffeine tablet, film-coated, Lopac0_000228, BSPBio_001921, GTPL407, KBioGR_002325, KBioSS_001781, 1,3,7-trimethyl-1,3,7-trihydropurine-2,6-dione, MLS001055341, MLS001056714, MLS001066409, BIDD:ER0554, BIDD:GT0632, Caffeine, 1mg/ml in methanol, DivK1c_000730, SPECTRUM1500155, CU-01000012617-3, SPBio_001222, CAFFEINE [ORANGE BOOK], 829 - Tea quality parameters, MEGxp0_001350, ANHYDROUS CAFFEINE [JAN], component of Dilone (Salt/Mix), 1,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine, ACon1_000085, BDBM10849, HMS502E12, KBio1_000730, KBio2_001781, KBio2_004349, KBio2_006917, KBio3_001141, Caffeine 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol, CAFFEINE(3-METHYL-13C), COFFEINUM [WHO-IP LATIN], Caffeine, powder, ReagentPlus(R), component of Percodan (Salt/Mix), NINDS_000730, Bio1_000473, Bio1_000962, Bio1_001451, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF ESGIC, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF TRIAD, HMS1920I09, HMS2090D13, HMS2232M13, HMS3260N17, HMS3372J18, HMS3435F10, HMS3715D13, Pharmakon1600-01500155, Topcare Stay AwakeMaximum Strength, NoDoz Caplets and Chewable Tablets, Caffeine 10 microg/mL in Methanol, CAFFEINE ANHYDROUS [WHO-IP], CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF FEMCET, CS-M0795, NoDoz Alertness AidMaximum Strength, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF ANOQUAN, Tox21_201685, Tox21_300010, Tox21_500228, caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), Caffeine 100 microg/mL in Methanol, Carolina Cannabis Uplifting Chewables, CCG-38825, HB2846, NSC755917, PDSP1_001016, PDSP1_001235, PDSP2_001000, PDSP2_001219, STK177283, Valumeds Maximum Strength Stay Awake, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF CAFERGOT, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF DHC PLUS, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF EXCEDRIN, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF FIORICET, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF FIORINAL, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF MIGERGOT, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF NORGESIC, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF WIGRAINE, Propoxyphene Compound 65 (Salt/Mix), AKOS000121334, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF INVAGESIC, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF LANORINAL, 5-26-13-00558 (Beilstein), Bayer Select Headache Pain (Salt/Mix), Caffeine, anhydrous, 99%, FCC, FG, DB00201, LP00228, NSC-755917, SDCCGMLS-0064595.P001, SDCCGMLS-0064595.P002, SDCCGSBI-0050216.P005, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF ORPHENGESIC, IDI1_000730, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000660, 3,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF SYNALGOS-DC, NCGC00015208-01, NCGC00015208-02, NCGC00015208-03, NCGC00015208-04, NCGC00015208-05, NCGC00015208-06, NCGC00015208-07, NCGC00015208-08, NCGC00015208-10, NCGC00015208-11, NCGC00015208-12, NCGC00015208-13, NCGC00015208-14, NCGC00015208-15, NCGC00015208-16, NCGC00015208-17, NCGC00015208-18, NCGC00015208-20, NCGC00015208-27, NCGC00015208-29, NCGC00090699-01, NCGC00090699-02, NCGC00090699-03, NCGC00090699-04, NCGC00090699-05, NCGC00090699-06, NCGC00090699-07, NCGC00090699-08, NCGC00090699-09, NCGC00168808-01, NCGC00168808-02, NCGC00254057-01, NCGC00259234-01, NCGC00260913-01, 95789-13-2, AC-12774, AS-15340, Caffeine, SAJ special grade, >=98.5%, component of P-A-C Compound (Salt/Mix), CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF SYNALGOS-DC-A, component of A.S.A. Compound (Salt/Mix), SBI-0050216.P004, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF MEDIGESIC PLUS, DB-023002, WLN: T56 BN DN FNVNVJ B1 F1 H1, C2042, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF DARVON COMPOUND, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF INVAGESIC FORTE, EU-0100228, NS00000273, 526 - Nutritional Analysis of Energy Drinks, CAFFEINE COMPONENT OF ORPHENGESIC FORTE, EN300-21663, BIM-0050216.0001, C07481, D00528, Q60235, 1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione, 1H-Purine-2, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-, AB00051930-09, AB00051930_10, Caffeine, purum, anhydrous, >=99.0% (HPLC), 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine (9CI), Caffeine, anhydrous, tested according to Ph.Eur., L000155, Caffeine, Sigma Reference Standard, vial of 250 mg, SR-01000075187-1, SR-01000075187-4, SR-01000075187-7, SR-01000075187-8, BRD-K02404261-001-02-7, BRD-K02404261-001-03-5, BRD-K02404261-001-07-6, BRD-K02404261-001-16-7, Caffeine, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Caffeine, meets USP testing specifications, anhydrous, Melting point standard 235-237C, analytical standard, 1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione #, Caffeine, British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard, Caffeine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, F3371-0262, THEOPHYLLINE MONOHYDRATE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], Z104507896, 07E4FB58-FD79-4175-8E3D-05BF96954522, 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purin-2,6-dion (coffein), Caffeine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Caffeine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, Caffeine for system suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Caffeine melting point standard, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H, 114303-55-8, Caffeine Melting Point Standard, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, Mettler-Toledo Calibration substance ME 18872, Caffeine, analytical standard, for the calibration of the thermosystem 900, traceable to primary standards (LGC).

Caffeine is a stimulant chemical (= something that makes people more active) that is found in food and drink made from some plants, including coffee, tea and chocolate.

Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance globally. Caffeine is mainly used for its eugeroic (wakefulness promoter), ergogenic (physical performance enhancing), or nootropic (cognition improving) properties. 

Caffeine can supposedly, after a person grows used to caffeine, have a lesser effect on wakefulness. Caffeine acts by blocking binding of adenosine at a number of adenosine receptor types, inhibiting the centrally depressant effects of adenosine and enhancing the release of acetylcholine. 

Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine, which allows caffeine to bind and block its receptors. 

Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase, increases calcium release from intracellular stores, and antagonises GABA receptors, although these mechanisms typically occur at concentrations beyond usual human consumption.

Caffeine is found in the seeds, fruits, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia and South America and helps to protect them against herbivores and from competition by preventing the germination of nearby seeds, as well as encouraging consumption by select animals such as honey bees.

Caffeine is mainly used for its eugeroic (wakefulness promoter), ergogenic (physical performance enhancing), or nootropic (cognition improving) properties.
The best-known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, the seed of the Coffea plant.

Caffeine is used for both prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. It may improve weight gain during therapy and reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy as well as reduce language and cognitive delay.

Caffeine is used as a primary treatment for apnea of prematurity, but not prevention. Caffeine is also used for orthostatic hypotension treatment.

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that may reduce fatigue and drowsiness. At normal doses, caffeine has variable effects on learning and memory, but Caffeine generally improves reaction time, wakefulness, concentration, and motor coordination. 

Caffeine can delay or prevent sleep and improves task performance during sleep deprivation. Shift workers who use caffeine make fewer mistakes that could result from drowsiness. 

Taking caffeine by mouth together with pain relievers such aspirin and acetaminophen is effective for treating migraines. 

Caffeine is an FDA-approved product for use with pain relievers for treating migraine headaches.

Caffeine is rapidly absorbed after oral or parenteral administration, reaching peak plasma concentration within 30 minutes to 2 hours after administration.10 After oral administration, onset of action takes place within 45 to 1 hour.

Caffeine has the ability to rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier. Caffein is water and fat soluble and distributes throughout the body.

Caffeine is a purine-based chemical that is widely consumed throughout the world.

Caffeine is a chemical substance that has been isolated from approximately 60 plants. In its pure form, caffeine is a bitter-tasting, white, odorless, crystalline powder. Its botanical function is thought to be both an antifungal and insecticidal agent.

Caffeine is called guaranine when it comes from the guarana plant and theine when it comes from a tea plant.

Doctors sometimes use caffeine as a medicine. Caffeine is used for headaches (head pain). Caffeine is sometimes used to help premature (born very early) babies to breathe.

Caffeine also has medicinal properties. Caffeine is used in many over the counter medicines, such as Excedrin, Midol and Anacin. When combined with other analgesics, caffeine can help to alleviate headaches and cramps.

Caffeine offers several benefits, including a lower risk of coronary disease, reduced stroke risk, a boosted metabolism, enhanced memory, protection against Alzheimer's, and a decreased risk of kidney stones.

Caffeine is a naturally occurring central nervous system stimulant belonging to the methylxanthine class and is widely recognized as the most utilized psychoactive stimulant worldwide. 

Although Caffeine drug is most commonly sourced from coffee beans, caffeine can also naturally occur in certain types of tea and cacao beans and as an additive to soda and energy drinks. Caffeine consumption primarily alleviates fatigue and drowsiness but has numerous additional therapeutic applications. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved caffeine for treating apnea of prematurity. Off-label uses of caffeine include the treatment of migraines and post-dural puncture headaches, as well as enhancing athletic performance, particularly in endurance sports.

Caffeine is absorbed and passes quickly into the brain. Caffeine does not collect in the bloodstream or get stored in the body. Caffeine leaves the body in the urine many hours after it has been consumed.

People most commonly use caffeine for mental alertness, headache, migraine, athletic performance, memory, and obesity. Caffeine is also used for asthma, gallbladder disease, ADHD, low blood pressure, depression, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these other uses.

Migraine. Taking caffeine by mouth together with pain relievers such aspirin and acetaminophen is effective for treating migraines. Caffeine is an FDA-approved product for use with pain relievers for treating migraine headaches.
Pauses in breathing that may be followed by low heart rate and low oxygen levels in newborns. Giving caffeine by mouth or by IV can improve breathing in very premature infants. Caffeine citrate is approved as a prescription drug for this condition. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.
Headache after surgery. Taking caffeine by mouth or by IV is effective for preventing headaches following surgery. Caffeine is an FDA-approved product for this use in people who regularly consume caffeine. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.
Tension headache. Taking caffeine by mouth in combination with pain relievers is effective for treating tension headaches. It is FDA-approved for this use.

Athletic performance. Taking caffeine by mouth seems to increase physical strength and endurance and might delay fatigue during exercise. But taking more than 800 mg of caffeine daily (6-8 cups) can lead to caffeine levels greater than those allowed by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

Diabetes. Drinking beverages that contain caffeine is linked with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. But it's not clear if consuming caffeine helps to treat diabetes.
Memory. Taking caffeine by mouth seems to improve short-term memory in college students or people with outgoing personalities.
Obesity. Taking caffeine by mouth together with ephedrine seems to increase weight loss, short-term. But there can be unwanted side effects. Even in carefully monitored and otherwise healthy adults, caffeine/ephedra combinations can cause changes in blood pressure and heart rate.
Acute pain. Taking caffeine by mouth together with painkillers such as ibuprofen can reduce pain more than painkillers alone.
Headache after epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, or lumbar puncture. Taking caffeine by mouth or by IV seems to help prevent headache that can occur after these procedures. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.