CALCIUM ACETATE

Calcium acetate is used to control phosphate levels to keep them from getting too high in people with kidney failure who are on dialysis.
Calcium acetate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Calcium acetate is predominantly used in the medical field as a phosphate binder. 

CAS Number: 62-54-4 
5743-26-0 (monohydrate)
EC Number: 269-613-0
E number: E263 (preservatives)
Chemical formula: C4H6CaO4
Molecular Formula: 158.166 g/mol (anhydrous)
176.181 g/mol (monohydrate)

SYNONYMS:
Calcium diacetate, Acetate of lime, Calcium ethanoate, Calcium acetate, 62-54-4, Calcium diacetate, Acetic acid, calcium salt, Lime acetate, Lime pyrolignite, Acetate of lime, PhosLo, Gray Acetate of Lime, Brown Acetate of Lime, Phoslyra, Brown acetate, acetic acid calcium salt, Phoslo Gelcaps, calcium ethanoate, calcium;diacetate, FEMA No. 2228, Eliphos, Sanopan, Calcarea acetica, calcium(II) acetate, CCRIS 4921, HSDB 928, Calcium acetate anhydrous, Calcium acetate, anhydrous, EINECS 200-540-9, UNII-Y882YXF34X, CHEBI:3310, INS NO.263, Y882YXF34X, AI3-02903, INS-263, Acetic acid, calcium salt (2:1), Ca(OAc)2, Calcium acetate [USP:JAN], DTXSID0020234, E-263, Teltozan, Sorbo-calcion, Gray acetate, EC 200-540-9, Calcium acetate (USP:JAN), CALCIUM ACETATE (II), CALCIUM ACETATE [II], Calcium di(acetate), CALCIUM ACETATE (MART.), CALCIUM ACETATE [MART.], CALCIUM ACETATE (USP-RS), CALCIUM ACETATE [USP-RS], CALCIUM ACETATE (EP MONOGRAPH), CALCIUM ACETATE [EP MONOGRAPH], CALCIUM ACETATE (USP MONOGRAPH), CALCIUM ACETATE [USP MONOGRAPH], CALCIUM ACETATE, ANHYDROUS (EP IMPURITY), CALCIUM ACETATE, ANHYDROUS [EP IMPURITY], calciumacetate, Calphron, Calcio acetato, calcium acetate salt, MFCD00012448, Phoslo (TN), Calcium acetate (USP), Calcium Acetate 667 mg, 62-54-4 , anhydride, SCHEMBL23872, CALCIUM ACETATE [MI], CALCIUM ACETATE [FCC], DTXCID00234, CALCIUM ACETATE [FHFI], CALCIUM ACETATE [HSDB], CALCAREA ACETICA [HPUS], CALCIUM ACETATE [VANDF], Calcium acetate (water < 5%), CHEMBL1200800, CALCIUM ACETATE [WHO-DD], Calcium Acetate Capsules 667 mg, CALCIUM ACETATE [ORANGE BOOK], AKOS015904560, DB00258, E263, mineral supplement containing calcium acetate, D00931, Q409251, 200-540-9, Acetic acid, calcium salt, Brown acetate, Brown acetate of lime, Calcium acetate hydrate, Calcium acetate monohydrate, Calcium diacetate, Gray acetate, Gray acetate of lime, Grey acetate, Lime acetate, Lime pyrolignite, Procalamine, Pyrolignite of lime, Vinegar salts, Calac, Niacet calcium acetate tech, PhosLo, PhosLo Gelcaps, Sorbo-calcian, Sorbo-calcion, Teltozan

Calcium acetate is a medication used in kidney failure that lowers the level of phosphate, a mineral in the body that can cause calcium to settle in various parts of the body when levels are too high.
The chemical compound calcium acetate is the calcium salt of acetic acid. 

Calcium acetate has been commonly referred to as the acetate of lime. 
The anhydrous form is very hygroscopic, therefore the monohydrate is the common form.
Calcium acetate is a chemical compound which is a calcium salt of acetic acid. 

Calcium acetate has the formula Ca(C2H3O2)2. Its standard name is calcium acetate, while calcium ethanoate is the systematic name. An older name of Calcium acetate is acetate of lime. 
The anhydrous form is very hygroscopic; therefore the monohydrate (Ca(CH3COO)2•H2O) is the common form.

Calcium acetate is the calcium salt of acetic acid. 
Calcium acetate is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces. 

Calcium acetate has a role as a chelator. 
Calcium acetate contains an acetate.
The chemical compound calcium acetate is the calcium salt of acetic acid. 

Calcium acetate has been commonly referred to as the acetate of lime. 
The anhydrous form is very hygroscopic, therefore the monohydrate is the common form.
Calcium Acetate is a calcium salt of acetic acid. 

Calcium is a mineral essential for many cellular functions including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, cardiac function, bone formation, and capillary and cell membrane permeability. 
Calcium acetate is administered orally to prevent or treat calcium deficiency and to treat hyperphosphatemia due to its phosphate-binding properties.

Calcium acetate is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1982 and has 3 approved indications.
Calcium acetate treats high phosphorus levels in people with kidney disease. 

Calcium acetate works by lowering the amount of phosphorus your body absorbs from food. 
Calcium acetate belongs to a group of medications called phosphate binders.
Calcium acetate is a medication used to bind excess phosphate. 

Calcium acetate is primarily used in patients with chronic kidney disease, as abnormally high phosphate levels occur with this disease.
Calcium is a mineral that is needed for many functions of the body, especially bone formation and maintenance. 
Calcium can also bind to other minerals such as phosphate, and aid in their removal from the body.

Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder that's used to lower phosphate levels in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis. 
Calcium acetate works by attaching to the phosphate from your meals so your body doesn't absorb the extra phosphate. 
Calcium acetate is taken by mouth with each meal you have. 

The chemical compound calcium acetate is the calcium salt of acetic acid. 
Calcium acetate has been commonly referred to as the acetate of lime. 
The anhydrous form is very hygroscopic, therefore the monohydrate is the common form.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CALCIUM ACETATE:
Calcium acetate is used to treat hyperphosphatemia (too much phosphate in the blood) in patients with end stage kidney disease who are on dialysis.
Calcium acetate works by binding with the phosphate in the food you eat, so that it is eliminated from the body without being absorbed.

Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder used in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to prevent elevated phosphate levels and resulting ectopic calcification and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Calcium acetate may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

Calcium acetate's use in cats and dogs to treat high blood phosphorus levels is “off label” or “extra label”. 
Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. 
In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions very carefully as their directions may be significantly different from those on the label.

Calcium acetate is used to prevent high blood phosphate levels in patients who are on dialysis due to severe kidney disease.
Dialysis removes some phosphate from your blood, but it is difficult to remove enough to keep your phosphate levels balanced. 
Decreasing blood phosphate levels can help keep your bones strong, prevent unsafe buildup of minerals in your body, and possibly decrease the risk of heart disease and strokes that can result from high phosphate levels. 

Calcium acetate is a natural mineral that works by holding onto phosphate from the diet so that it can pass out of your body.
Calcium acetate is used to control phosphate levels to keep them from getting too high in people with kidney failure who are on dialysis.
Calcium acetate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Calcium acetate is predominantly used in the medical field as a phosphate binder. 
Calcium acetate is particularly significant in managing hyperphosphatemia, which is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood, often observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). 

This condition is a common complication for individuals undergoing dialysis treatment. 
Research institutions globally, including academic hospitals and pharmaceutical companies, continue to evaluate the efficacy and optimization of calcium acetate in various clinical settings.

The primary indication for calcium acetate is to reduce phosphate levels in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), thereby preventing the complications associated with hyperphosphatemia, such as bone and cardiovascular diseases. 
As a drug type, calcium acetate falls under the category of mineral and electrolyte replacement or supplement. 

Research progress in this field has been promising, with ongoing trials aimed at refining dosage, administration methods, and the overall safety profile of the drug.

-In kidney disease, blood levels of phosphate may rise (called hyperphosphatemia) leading to bone problems. 
Calcium acetate binds phosphate in the diet to lower blood phosphate levels.
Calcium acetate is used as a food additive, as a stabilizer, buffer and sequestrant, mainly in candy products under the number E263.

Tofu is traditionally obtained by coagulating soy milk with calcium sulfate. 
Calcium acetate has been found to be a better alternative; being soluble, it requires less skill and a smaller amount.

Because it is inexpensive, calcium acetate was once a common starting material for the synthesis of acetone before the development of the cumene process:
Ca(CH3COO)2 → CaCO3(s) + (CH3)2CO

A saturated solution of calcium acetate in alcohol forms a semisolid, flammable gel that is much like "canned heat" products such as Sterno.
Chemistry teachers often prepare "California Snowballs", a mixture of calcium acetate solution and ethanol.
The resulting gel is whitish in color, resembling a snowball and can be lit on fire; it will burn for around 20 minutes.

WHY IS CALCIUM ACETATE PRESCRIBED?
Calcium acetate is used to control high blood levels of phosphorus in people with kidney disease who are on dialysis (medical treatment to clean the blood when the kidneys are not working properly). 
Calcium acetate is in a class of medications called phosphate binders. 
Calcium acetate binds phosphorus that you get from foods in your diet and prevents it from being absorbed into your blood stream.

WHAT IS CALCIUM ACETATE USED FOR?
High blood phosphate levels in people with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD)

HOW CALCIUM ACETATE WORKS:
Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder. 
Calcium acetate attaches to the phosphate in your food before the phosphate can be absorbed by your body.

Your body then gets rid of this extra phosphate through your stool. 
This helps lower your blood phosphate levels to protect your kidneys and bones.

HOW IS CALCIUM ACETATE GIVEN?
Calcium acetate is given by mouth and with food in the form of a tablet, a capsule, or a liquid solution. 
Your veterinarian may prescribe additional doses between meals, but Calcium acetate should primarily be given with meals. 

Measure liquids carefully.
Calcium acetate should take effect within 1 to 2 hours.

However, Calcium acetate's effects may not be visibly noticeable and so laboratory tests may need to be done to evaluate this medication’s effectiveness.

HOW TO USE CALCIUM ACETATE:
Calcium acetate is typically administered orally, with the dosage tailored to the individual's dietary phosphate intake and serum phosphate levels. 
Calcium acetate is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid solutions. 

The standard initial dose for adults is often 1334 mg (equivalent to 2 tablets or capsules) with each meal, which can be adjusted based on the patient's response and phosphate levels.

The onset time for calcium acetate to effectively lower serum phosphate levels can vary. 
Generally, the drug starts to bind phosphate within the gastrointestinal tract upon ingestion, with noticeable reductions in serum phosphate levels typically observed within a few days of consistent use. 

Regular monitoring of serum phosphate and calcium levels is essential to adjust the dosage and ensure optimal efficacy and safety.
Patients are advised to take calcium acetate with meals to maximize its phosphate-binding effect. 

It is important to follow the prescribed dose and schedule closely, as missing doses or deviating from the recommended regimen can diminish the drug's effectiveness. 
Additionally, patients should maintain a phosphate-controlled diet as part of their overall treatment plan.

If you are taking the over-the-counter product to self-treat, read and follow all directions on the product package before taking Calcium acetate. 
If you have any questions, consult your pharmacist. 

If your doctor has prescribed this medication, take it as directed.
Calcium acetate is usually taken by mouth with each meal. 
The dosage of Calcium acetate is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

If you are using the liquid form of Calcium acetate, use a medication-measuring device or spoon to carefully measure the prescribed dose. 
Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose.

Use Calcium acetate regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. 
Remember to take Calcium acetate with each meal every day or on the schedule given to you by your doctor.

WHAT IS CALCIUM ACETATE, AND WHAT IS CALCIUM ACETATE USED FOR?
Calcium acetate is a medication used to reduce blood phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia), a complication associated with advanced kidney disease. 

Patients with end-stage renal disease are prone to phosphate retention, which causes secondary hyperparathyroidism, leading to renal osteodystrophy, a bone disease, and calcification of soft tissue.

Treatment for hyperphosphatemia includes a reduction in dietary intake of phosphate and removal of phosphate with efficient dialysis methods. 
In addition, calcium acetate is used to eliminate any phosphate absorbed from food. 

When taken with meals, calcium acetate binds to dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate that cannot be absorbed by the body, which is then excreted in the stools.

WHAT IS CALCIUM ACETATE, AND HOW DOES CALCIUM ACETATE WORK?
Calcium acetate is a calcium supplement used to control the level of phosphate in the blood for patients on dialysis due to severe kidney disease.

CALCIUM ACETATE MECHANISM OF ACTION:
The mechanism of action for calcium acetate lies in its ability to bind phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract. 
When ingested, calcium acetate dissociates into calcium and acetate ions in the digestive system. 
The calcium ions then interact with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate complexes. 

These complexes are not absorbed into the bloodstream and are instead excreted through the feces. 
This process effectively reduces the amount of phosphate absorbed from the diet, thereby lowering serum phosphate levels.

This phosphate-binding action is crucial for patients with chronic kidney disease, as their impaired renal function reduces the kidneys' ability to excrete phosphate adequately. 

By lowering phosphate levels in the blood, calcium acetate helps mitigate the risk of secondary hyperparathyroidism, vascular calcification, and renal osteodystrophy, all of which are complications arising from hyperphosphatemia.

HOW SHOULD I USE CALCIUM ACETATE?
Take Calcium acetate by mouth with water. 
Take Calcium acetate as directed on the prescription label. 

Take Calcium acetate at the start of a meal or snack. 
Keep taking Calcium acetate unless your care team tells you to stop.

Calcium acetate contains calcium. 
Calcium acetate should be taken at a different time of day than some other medications taken by mouth. 
Talk to your care team if you are not sure if you should separate the timing of your medications.

NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF CALCIUM ACETATE:
Pure calcium acetate is yet unknown among minerals. Calclacite—calcium acetate chloride pentahydrate—is listed as a known mineral, but its genesis is anthropogenic (human-generated, as opposed to naturally occurring)

PRODUCTION OF CALCIUM ACETATE:
Calcium acetate can be prepared by soaking calcium carbonate (found in eggshells, or in common carbonate rocks such as limestone or marble) or hydrated lime in vinegar:

CaCO3(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) → Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Ca(OH)2(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) → Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Since both reagents would have been available pre-historically, the chemical would have been observable as crystals then.

HOW SHOULD CALCIUM ACETATE BE USED?
Calcium acetate comes as a capsule, tablet, and a solution (liquid) to take by mouth. 
Calcium acetate is usually taken along with each meal (e.g., 3 times a day if you eat 3 meals a day) as directed by your doctor. 

Take calcium acetate at around the same times every day. 
Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. 

Take calcium acetate exactly as directed. 
Do not take more or less of it or take Calcium acetate more often than prescribed by your doctor.

If you are using the solution, do not use a household spoon to measure your dose. 
Use the dosing cup that comes with Calcium acetate to measure your dose. 

Ask your pharmacist if you have any question about how much medication you should take or how to use the dosing cup.
Your doctor will probably adjust your dose based on your phosphorus blood levels, not more often than once every 2 to 3 weeks.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CALCIUM ACETATE:
Chemical formula: C4H6CaO4
Molar mass: 158.166 g/mol (anhydrous), 176.181 g/mol (monohydrate)
Appearance: White solid, hygroscopic
Odor: Slight acetic acid odor
Density: 1.509 g/cm3
Melting point: 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) decomposition to CaCO3 + acetone
Solubility in water: 37.4 g/100 mL (0 °C), 34.7 g/100 mL (20 °C), 29.7 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in methanol, hydrazine, insoluble in acetone, ethanol, and benzene

Acidity (pKa): ca. 0.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -70.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.55
CAS Number: 62-54-4 (check), 5743-26-0 (monohydrate)
EC Number: 269-613-0
E number: E263 (preservatives)
Molecular Weight: 158.17 g/mol

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 157.9891995 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 157.9891995 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 80.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 25.5

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: Crystalline
Color: White
Odor: No data available

Melting point/freezing point: Melting point: 160 °C - Decomposition
Initial boiling and boiling range point: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Flammability (solids): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: 340 °C - Relative self-ignition temperature for solids
Decomposition temperature: 160 °C

pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: Soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available

Relative density: 1.516 - 1.524 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information:
Solubility in other solvents: Alcohol - slightly soluble

FIRST AID MEASURES of CALCIUM ACETATE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CALCIUM ACETATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CALCIUM ACETATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CALCIUM ACETATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CALCIUM ACETATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CALCIUM ACETATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available