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CALCIUM CHLORIDE

 


CAS NO:10043-52-4
EC NO:233-140-8


Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.
Calcium chloride is a white coloured crystalline solid at room temperature, and it is highly soluble in water. 
Calcium chloride can be created by neutralising hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide.


Calcium chloride is commonly encountered as a hydrated solid with generic formula CaCl2(H2O)x, where x = 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6. These compounds are mainly used for de-icing and dust control. Because the anhydrous salt is hygroscopic, it is used as a desiccant.


Properties
Chemical formula        CaCl2
Molar mass        110.98 g·mol−1
Appearance        White powder, hygroscopic
Odor        Odorless
Density        
2.15 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
2.24 g/cm3 (monohydrate)
1.85 g/cm3 (dihydrate)
1.83 g/cm3 (tetrahydrate)
1.71 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)[1]
Melting point        772–775 °C (1,422–1,427 °F; 1,045–1,048 K)
anhydrous
260 °C (500 °F; 533 K)
monohydrate, decomposes
175 °C (347 °F; 448 K)
dihydrate, decomposes
45.5 °C (113.9 °F; 318.6 K)
tetrahydrate, decomposes
30 °C (86 °F; 303 K)
hexahydrate, decomposes
Boiling point        1,935 °C (3,515 °F; 2,208 K) anhydrous
Solubility in water        Anhydrous:
74.5 g/100 mL (20 °C)[2]
Hexahydrate:
49.4 g/100 mL (−25 °C)
59.5 g/100 mL (0 °C)
65 g/100 mL (10 °C)
81.1 g/100 mL (25 °C)
102.2 g/100 mL (30.2 °C)
α-Tetrahydrate:
90.8 g/100 mL (20 °C)
114.4 g/100 mL (40 °C)
Dihydrate:
134.5 g/100 mL (60 °C)
152.4 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility        
Soluble in CH3COOH, alcohols
Insoluble in liquid NH3, DMSO, CH3COOC2H5
Solubility in ethanol        
18.3 g/100 g (0 °C)
25.8 g/100 g (20 °C)
35.3 g/100 g (40 °C)
56.2 g/100 g (70 °C)
Solubility in methanol        
21.8 g/100 g (0 °C)
29.2 g/100 g (20 °C)
38.5 g/100 g (40 °C)
Solubility in acetone        0.1 g/kg (20 °C)
Solubility in pyridine        16.6 g/kg
Acidity (pKa)        
8–9 (anhydrous)
6.5–8.0 (hexahydrate)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)        −5.47·10−5 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)        1.52
Viscosity        
3.34 cP (787 °C)
1.44 cP (967 °C)


Uses


By depressing the freezing point of water, calcium chloride is used to prevent ice formation and is used to de-ice. This application consumes the greatest amount of calcium chloride. Calcium chloride is relatively harmless to plants and soil. As a deicing agent, it is much more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride. When distributed for this use, it usually takes the form of small, white spheres a few millimeters in diameter, called prills. Solutions of calcium chloride can prevent freezing at temperatures as low as −52 °C (−62 °F), making it ideal for filling agricultural implement tires as a liquid ballast, aiding traction in cold climates.


Calcium chloride is also used in domestic and industrial chemical air dehumidifiers.


Road surfacing
Calcium chloride was sprayed on this road to prevent weathering, giving it a wet appearance even in dry weather.
The second largest application of calcium chloride exploits its hygroscopic nature and the tackiness of its hydrates; 
Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and its hydration is an exothermic reaction. A concentrated solution keeps a liquid layer on the surface of dirt roads, which suppresses the formation of dust. 
Calcium chloride keeps the finer dust particles on the road, providing a cushioning layer. If these are allowed to blow away, the large aggregate begins to shift around and the road breaks down. Using calcium chloride reduces the need for grading by as much as 50% and the need for fill-in materials as much as 80%.


Food
The average intake of calcium chloride as food additives has been estimated to be 160–345 mg/day.
Calcium chloride is permitted as a food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509. 
Calcium chloride is considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 
Calcium chloride is use in organic crop production is generally prohibited under the US National Organic Program.


In marine aquariums, calcium chloride is one way to introduce bioavailable calcium for calcium carbonate-shelled animals such as mollusks and some cnidarians. 
Calcium hydroxide (kalkwasser mix) or a calcium reactor can also be used.


As a firming agent, calcium chloride is used in canned vegetables, in firming soybean curds into tofu and in producing a caviar substitute from vegetable or fruit juices.
Calcium chloride is commonly used as an electrolyte in sports drinks and other beverages, including bottled water. The extremely salty taste of calcium chloride is used to flavor pickles without increasing the food's sodium content. 
Calcium chloride's freezing-point depression properties are used to slow the freezing of the caramel in caramel-filled chocolate bars. Also, it is frequently added to sliced apples to maintain texture.


In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water. 
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and can also affect yeast function during fermentation.


In cheesemaking, calcium chloride is sometimes added to processed (pasteurized/homogenized) milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein in casein. 
Calcium chloride is added before the coagulant.


Calcium chloride is used to prevent cork spot and bitter pit on apples by spraying on the tree during the late growing season.


Laboratory and related drying operations
Drying tubes are frequently packed with calcium chloride. Kelp is dried with calcium chloride for use in producing sodium carbonate. Anhydrous calcium chloride has been approved by the FDA as a packaging aid to ensure dryness (CPG 7117.02).


The hydrated salt can be dried for re-use but will dissolve in its own water of hydration if heated quickly and form a hard amalgamated solid when cooled.


Miscellaneous applications
Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to accelerate the initial setting, but chloride ions lead to corrosion of steel rebar, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.[20] The anhydrous form of calcium chloride may also be used for this purpose and can provide a measure of the moisture in concrete.


Calcium chloride is included as an additive in plastics and in fire extinguishers, in blast furnaces as an additive to control scaffolding (clumping and adhesion of materials that prevent the furnace charge from descending), and in fabric softener as a thinner.


The exothermic dissolution of calcium chloride is used in self-heating cans and heating pads.


In the oil industry, calcium chloride is used to increase the density of solids-free brines.
 It is also used to provide inhibition of swelling clays in the water phase of invert emulsion drilling fluids.


CaCl2 acts as flux material, decreasing the melting point, in the Davy process for the industrial production of sodium metal through the electrolysis of molten NaCl.


Similarly, CaCl2 is used as a flux and electrolyte in the FFC Cambridge process for titanium production, where it ensures the proper exchange of calcium and oxygen ions between the electrodes.


Calcium chloride is also used in the production of activated charcoal.


Calcium chloride can be used to precipitate fluoride ions from water as insoluble CaF2.


Calcium chloride is also an ingredient used in ceramic slipware. 


Calcium chloride suspends clay particles so that they float within the solution, making it easier to use in a variety of slipcasting techniques.


Calcium chloride dihydrate (20 percent by weight) dissolved in ethanol (95 percent ABV) has been used as a sterilant for male animals. The solution is injected into the testes of the animal. Within one month, necrosis of testicular tissue results in sterilization.


Cocaine producers in Colombia import tons of Calcium Chloride to recover solvents that are on the INCB Red List and are more tightly controlled.


Properties


Calcium chloride dissolves in water, producing chloride and the aquo complex [Ca(H2O)6]2+. In this way, these solutions are sources of "free" calcium and free chloride ions. This description is illustrated by the fact that these solutions react with phosphate sources to give a solid precipitate of calcium phosphate:


3 CaCl2 + 2 PO3−4 → Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 Cl−
Calcium chloride has a very high enthalpy change of solution, indicated by considerable temperature rise accompanying dissolution of the anhydrous salt in water. This property is the basis for its largest-scale application.


Molten calcium chloride can be electrolysed to give calcium metal and chlorine gas:


CaCl2 → Ca + Cl2


Preparation


In much of the world, calcium chloride is derived from limestone as a by-product of the Solvay process, which follows the net reaction below:


2 NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaCl2
North American consumption in 2002 was 1,529,000 tonnes (3.37 billion pounds).


In the US, most of calcium chloride is obtained by purification from brine.


As with most bulk commodity salt products, trace amounts of other cations from the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and other anions from the halogens (group 17) typically occur, but the concentrations are trifling.


Calcium chloride is a white to off-white solid. Sinks and mixes with water.
Calcium chloride is a calcium salt and an inorganic chloride. 
Calcium chloride has a role as a fertilizer.


Use        
Deicing        
Dust control, road stabilization        
Insustrial (refrigerant, coal thawing, etc.)        
Oil and gas drilling fluids        
Concrete        
Tire ballast        
Miscellaneous


Calcium chloride is an odorless, white, crystalline solid compound that is highly soluble in water. A type of salt, this chemical is hygroscopic, which means it can attract and absorb water molecules from its surroundings. 
Calcium chloride has a variety of applications and can lead to potential health risks if handled improperly.


These are some important tips for handling and storing calcium chloride safely.


Common Uses of Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride is used in a wide range of industries. Namely, this material is used to make road de-icing agents and brine. Other common applications include:


Dust control
Desiccation
Salt-based dehumidifiers
Calcifying aquarium water
Increasing water hardness in swimming pools
Food additive


Calcium Chloride is a mineral indicated in the immediate treatment of hypocalcemic tetany (abnormally low levels of calcium in the body that cause muscle spasm). 
Calcium chloride injection is also used in cardiac resuscitation, arrhythmias, hypermagnesemia, calcium channel blocker overdose, and beta-blocker overdose.


Calcium Chloride is available under the following different brand or other names: CaCl and CaCl2.


General description
Calcium chloride hexahydrate is a non-toxic salt hydrate that can be used in phase change heat storage of low temperature heat. 
Calcium chloride has a latent heat of fusion as high as 170-190 kJ/Kg and a melting temperature of 29-30°C.


Application
Calcium chloride hexahydrate is a phase changing material (PCM) that is widely used in solar energy storage and building applications.


Calcium chloride is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine. 
Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. 
Calcium chloride is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide.
Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement. 
Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process. Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.


Formula: CaCl2
Molecular mass: 111.0
Boiling point: 1670°C
Melting point: 772°C
Density (at 25°C): 2.2 g/cm³
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 74.5 (good)


The greatest amount is consumed in preventing ice formation and in de-icing. 
Calcium chloride is also widely used in the food industry and finds use as a firming agent in canned vegetables, in cheese making and as an electrolyte in energy drinks.


INDUSTRIES
 Pharma
 Lubricants
 Water Treatment
 Oil & Gas
 Cleaning
 Animal Nutrition
 Coatings & Construction
 Food and Nutrition
 Agriculture
 Cosmetics
 Polymers
 Rubber


Calcium Chloride will help with store bought milk, cold stored raw milk and goats milk produce a firmer setting curd. A firmer curd is easier to cut and produces a larger yield.


Calcium chloride is manufactured as a soda ash co-product and Tokuyama is the sole producer in Japan. 
Calcium chloride is one type of inorganic salt. 
Calcium chloride generates a large amount of heat in reaction to water and significantly lowers the freezing point of water, making it effective as a strong and immediate-acting antifreeze as well as a snow and ice melting agent.
Calcium Chloride is also used as a food and beverage additive, mainly for controlling the hardness of beer and soft drinks, and in bittern for tofu production.


General applications        
Antifreeze/snow-melting agent for roads
Dustproof for grounds and unpaved roads
Dehumidifying agent
Brine
Wastewater treatment(fluorine removal, neutralization)
Food additives


Definition and Usage Areas:


Calcium sector production and production, an increased aquo in water (lH 2 O) 6 ] 2+ . In these tracts, these solutions are sources of "free" calcium and salikan irrigations. This explanation helps with these solvents reacting with phosphate sources to give calcium phosphate a precipitate:


3 CaC 2 + 2 PO 3-
4 Ca → 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 6 Cl -


The calcite level shows a very high enthalpy display with a high temperature rise from anhydrous in water. This is a creepy, awesome look.


Molten soluble, calcium metal and chlorine gas can be removed.


CaC 2 , Ca + Cl → 2


Usage areas


As a powder coating in constructions, as it is hygroscopic.
As plastic material material
As material in fire dusts
Melting ice on roads (does not equip like regular salt)
Concrete/Cement: 
Calcium Chloride dries the concrete quickly, especially in cold weather, and provides durability and strength to the concrete.
In treatment: In reducing high fluorine in drinking water. Also, in the treatment of wastewater from industrial facilities such as oil refineries, aluminum factories.
Oil Exploration/Drilling: 
Calcium Chloride is used extensively.
in sports
In canned food (in meals)
In some chocolates
In milk, cheese (as a calcium supplement)
In brewing (as enzyme)
In ice cream: As a freezer
In Animal Feed: Fever in dairy cattle, reducing milk and preventing disease
Giving plants math
On a low budget
Harvest calendar to give importance to the shelf of fruits and vegetables


What Is Calcium chloride?
Calcium chloride is a naturally occurring salt derived from limestone. 
It is a white solid and can also be produced synthetically.
It is solid at room temperature and dissolves in water.


What Does Calcium chloride Do in Our products?
Calcium chloride is often used as a nutrient supplement, stabilizer, thickener, and texturizer in food; it is frequently found in baked goods, dairy products, beverages, juices, coffee, tea, condiments, jellies, meat products, and other products.
Calcium chloride can help replenish calcium and can be an antidote for magnesium poisoning.
Calcium chloride is also a pH adjuster/water softener, which is why it is commonly used as a brine in refrigeration plants, as well as a tool for ice and dust control on roads. 
Calcium chloride absorbs moisture from the air, and when it’s added to liquids it absorbs water. For this reason, it is a drying agent. 
Calcium chloride is present in dozens of personal care products, including bath oils, deodorant, sunscreen, conditioner, and makeup.


Calcium chloride occurs naturally in limestone; its production is primarily a reaction of limestone with hydrochloric acid. 
Calcium chloride is often commercially produced as a byproduct in the ammonia-soda process (called the Solvay process).
Calcium chloride can also be made by substitution reactions with other calcium and chloride salts, and in the United States it can be made by concentrating and purifying brines from salt lakes and salt deposits.


Uses
Millions of tonnes of calcium chloride are made each year in the US alone, and in 1990 the bulk price there was $182 per tonne. 
Calcium chloride has a variety of applications:
Because Calcium chloride is strongly hygroscopic, air or other gases may be channeled through a column of calcium chloride to remove moisture. In particular, calcium chloride is usually used to pack drying tubes to exclude atmospheric moisture from a reaction set-up while allowing gases to escape. 
Calcium chloride can also be added to liquids to remove suspended or dissolved water. In this capacity, it is known as a drying agent or desiccant. 
Calcium chloride is converted to a brine as it absorbs the water or water vapor from the substance to be dried:
CaCl2 + 2 H2O → CaCl2·2H2O
The dissolving process is highly exothermic and rapidly produces temperatures of around 60° C (140° F). This can result in burns if humans or other animals eat dry calcium chloride pellets. Small children are more susceptible to burns than adults, and calcium chloride pellets should be kept out of their reach.
Aided by the intense heat evolved during its dissolution, calcium chloride is also used as an ice-melting compound. Unlike the more-common sodium chloride (rock salt or halite), it is relatively harmless to plants and soil. 
Calcium chloride is also more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride. When distributed for this use, it usually takes the form of small white balls a few millimetres in diameter, called prills (see picture at top of page).
Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to help speed up the initial setting. However chloride ion leads to corrosion of steel rebars, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.
Calcium chloride is used for dust control on some highways, as its hygroscopic nature keeps a liquid layer on the surface of the roadway, which holds dust down.
Calcium chloride tastes extremely salty and is used an ingredient in some foods, especially pickles, to give a salty taste while not increasing the food's sodium content.
Calcium chloride's also used as an ingredient in canned vegetables to maintain firmness.
Used as an additive in plastics.
Used as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment.
Aqueous Calcium Chloride is used in genetic transformation of cells by increasing the cell membrane permeability. This allows DNA fragments to enter the cell more readily.
Tire ballast
Additive in fire extinguishers
Additive to control scaffolding in blast furnaces
Calcium chloride can be used to make ersatz caviar from vegetable or fruit juices.
Calcium chloride is used in Smartwater and some sports drinks as an Electrolyte


About this substance
Helpful information
Calcium chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.


Calcium chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Consumer Uses
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, anti-freeze products, fertilisers, plant protection products, adsorbents, water treatment chemicals and heat transfer fluids. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Article service life
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Calcium chloride can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).


Widespread uses by professional workers
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, adsorbents, anti-freeze products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Calcium chloride is used in the following areas: health services, agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Calcium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).


Formulation or re-packing
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, polymers, fertilisers, inks and toners and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.


Uses at industrial sites
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, adsorbents, anti-freeze products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Calcium chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Calcium chloride is used in the following areas: mining and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Calcium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, food products, pulp, paper and paper products, metals, plastic products, rubber products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.


Manufacture
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.


Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is an inorganic compound, marketed as 36% solution, 75-78% flakes or 94-97% granules, used for roads de-icing, dust control, brine refrigeration, dehumidification, setting time reduction in concrete, petroleum oil extraction and food processing.
Calcium chloride production process basically consists of limestone reaction with hydrochloric acid.
Calcium chloride can be also produced as by-product from Solvay process for soda ash and, only in the U.S., by the concentration and purification of naturally occurring brines from salt lakes and salt deposits.


Consito developed know-how and technologies for Calcium Chloride production units as 36% solution, 75-78% flakes or 94-97% granules, basing on reaction between limestone and hydrochloric acid.


Calcium chloride dihydrate is a moisture resistant, cheap and commonly available calcium salt. 
Calcium chloride is efficacy as a chiral catalyst for various asymmetric organic reactions has been evaluated. Calcium chloride dihydrate has been used as a calcium supplement for the DMEM (Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium) for use in cell culture studies and to prepare the synthetic brine solution. 
Calcium chloride may be used in the preparation of calcium-alginate beads and can be used in combination with sodium borohydride for the asymmetric reduction of 1-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino]ethanone to form (1R)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino]ethanol.
Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is one of the most versatile chemicals with endless applications. Nedmag produces high quality calcium chloride suitable for technical, feed and food applications.


Applications of calcium chloride
Calcium chloride is used in many applications. 
Calcium chloride food grade is used as food ingredient in the food industry (a.o. cheese production). While other grades are used in the oil and gas industry, in fertilisers or animal feed and in road maintenance.


Calcium chloride is used heavily in baking for many reasons, including salt replacement. 
Calcium chloride is solid at room temperature but highly soluble in water.


Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. 
Calcium chloride is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. 
Calcium chloride is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.


Uses        
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has many uses. 
Calcium chloride is used as a drying agent and to melt ice and snow on highways, to control dust, to thaw building materials (sand, gravel, concrete, and so on). 
Calcium chloride is also used in various food and pharmaceutical industries and as a fungicide.


Chemical Properties        
Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. 
Calcium chloride is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. 
Calcium chloride is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.


Chemical Properties        
Calcium chloride occurs as a white or colorless crystalline powder, granules, or crystalline mass, and is hygroscopic (deliquescent).


Physical properties        
White crystal, powder or flake; highly hygroscopic; the compound and its solutions absorb moisture from the air at various rates depending on calcium chloride concentrations, relative humidity and vapor pressure of water in the air, temperature, surface area of exposed material, and the rate of air circulation; at 40% and 95% relative humidity and 25°C, one gram anhydrous calcium chloride may absorb about 1.4 g and 17 g water, respectively. (Shearer, W. L. 1978 . In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., vol. 4, pp. 432-6. New York: Wiley Interscience); density 2.15, 2.24, 1.85, 1.83 and 1.71 g/cm3 for the anhydrous salt and its mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates, respectively; anhydrous salts melts at 772°C, while the mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates decompose at 260°, 175°, 45.5° and 30°C, respectively; the anhydrous salt vaporizes at 1,935°C; highly soluble in water, moderate to high solubility in alcohol.


Occurrence        
Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral tachhydrite, CaCl2?2MgCl2?12H2O. 
Calcium chloride also is found in other minerals. 
Calcium chloride is concentration in sea water is about 0.15%.
Calcium chloride has several industrial applications. The major applications of this compound are in deicing of roads, dust control, imparting stability to roads and buildings, and to improve traction in tractor tires.
Calcium chloride is mixed with ice to make freezing mixtures. Hexahydrate mixed with crushed ice can lower the temperature of the cooling bath to below -50°C. 
Calcium chloride also is used as a desiccant for dehydrating gases and liquids.
Calcium chloride is added to cement in various proportions to manufacture different types of concrete. Other uses are in adhesives, to lower gel temperatures, and as a calcium source in liquid feed supplements for dairy cattle. Also, the compound is used to control particle size development and reduce coalescence in plastics.


Uses        
Calcium chloride is one of the most versatile of the basic chemicals.
Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in concrete. The anhydrous salt is also widely used as a desiccant, where it will absorb so much water that it will eventually dissolve in its own crystal lattice water (water of hydration). 
Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the “Solvay Process” (which is a process to produce soda ash from brine).


Calcium chloride is also commonly used as an additive in swimming pool water as it increases the “calcium hardness” value for the water.Other industrial applications include use as an additive in plastics, as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment, as an additive in fire extinguishers, as an additive in control scaffolding in blast furnaces, and as a thinner in “fabric softeners”.
Calcium chloride is commonly used as an “electrolyte” and has an extremely salty taste, as found in sports drinks and other beverages such as Nestle bottled water. 
Calcium chloride can also be used as a preservative to maintain firmness in canned vegetables or in higher concentrations in pickles to give a salty taste while not increasing the food’s sodium content. 
Calcium chloride is even found in snack foods, including Cadbury chocolate bars.In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water. 
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and it can also affect yeast function during fermentation.
Calcium chloride can be injected as intravenous therapy for the treatment of “hypocalcemia” (low serum calcium). 
Calcium chloride can be used for insect bites or stings (such as Black Widow spider bites), sensitivity reactions, particularly when characterized by “urticaria” (hives).


Uses        
Calcium Chloride is a general purpose food additive, the anhydrous form being readily soluble in water with a solubility of 59 g in 100 ml of water at 0°c. 
Calcium chloride dissolves with the liberation of heat.
Calcium chloride also exists as calcium chloride dihydrate, being very soluble in water with a solubility of 97 g in 100 ml at 0°c. 
Calcium chloride is used as a firming agent for canned tomatoes, potatoes, and apple slices. in evaporated milk, it is used at levels not more than 0.1% to adjust the salt balance so as to prevent coagulation of milk during sterilization. 
Calcium chloride is used with disodium edta to protect the flavor in pickles and as a source of calcium ions for reaction with alginates to form gels.


Uses        
Obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of potassium chlorate. The white crystals, soluble in water and alcohol, are deliquescent and must be kept in a well-stoppered bottle. 
Calcium chloride was used in iodized collodion formulas and in collodion emulsions. 
Calcium chloride was also an important desiccating substance used in tin calcium tubes designed to store presensitized platinum papers.


Uses        
For the treatment of hypocalcemia in those conditions requiring a prompt increase in blood plasma calcium levels, for the treatment of magnesium intoxication due to overdosage of magnesium sulfate, and used to combat the deleterious effects of hyperkalemi


Uses        
Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and is often used as a desiccant.


Uses        
calcium chloride is an astringent. 
Calcium chloride also helps improve the reaction among certain ingredients used in cosmetic formulations. This inorganic salt is no longer commonly used in skin care products and is being replaced with potassium chloride.


Production Methods        
Calcium chloride is a principal byproduct from the Solvay process.


IUPAC names
calcio cloruro
calcium chlorid
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride
calcium chloride
Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride
calcium chloride
Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
calcium chloride anhydrous
Calcium chloride dihydraterate
Calcium Choride
CALCIUM DICHLORIDE
Calcium dichloride
calcium dichloride
Calcium dichloride
calcium dichloride solution
Calcium(2+) chloride , calciumchlorid
calcium;dichloride
Calciumchlorid
Calciumchlorid-6H2_O
CALCIUMCHLORIDE
calciumchloride (dihydraat)
chlorid vápenatý
chlorure de calcium
Cloruro de calcio
Cloruro di Calcio E509
Kalcium-klorid


SYNONYMS:
Calcium chloride [USP] [Wiki]
10043-52-4 [RN]
14639-81-7 [RN]
233-140-8 [EINECS]
Calcium dichloride [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Calcium(2+) chloride
Calcium(II) chloride
Calciumdichlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Dichlorure de calcium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
E509
Huppert's reagent
Hydrophilite (CaCl2)
MFCD00010903 [MDL number]
Caloride
Ice melt
Jarcal
Liquical
Marley cement accelerator
Sure-step
Unichem calchlor
10035-04-8 [RN]
139468-93-2 [RN]
17787-72-3 [RN]
22691-02-7 [RN]
7774-34-7 [RN]
9005-49-6 [RN]
Bovikalc
CAL plus
Calcium atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 10.00 g Ca
Calcium Chloride anhydrous prills
Calcium chloride, 1M aqueous solution
Calcium chloride, anhydrous, dessicant, ACS grade, granular
Calcium chloride, Prilled
Calcium chloride, ultra dry
calcium chloride,anhydrous
Calciumchloride
Calcosan

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