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Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium formate is also known as E238.
Under this E number Calcium formate is used as an animal feed preservative within EU, but not in foods intended for people.
CAS Number: 544-17-2
EC Number: 208-863-7
IUPAC Name: calcium diformate
Chemical Formula: C2H2CaO4
Other names: 544-17-2, Calcium diformate, Calcoform, Formic acid, calcium salt, Mravencan vapenaty, Calcium formate (Ca(HCO2)2), NP3JD65NPY, DTXSID0027193, E-238, DTXCID807193, NDI 658, 208-863-7, RefChem:573469, calcium;diformate, Formic acid calcium salt, C2H2CaO4, Mravencan vapenaty [Czech], HSDB 5019, UNII-NP3JD65NPY, EINECS 208-863-7, MFCD00036108, Formic acid, calcium salt (2:1), EC 208-863-7, SCHEMBL39519, CALCIUM FORMATE [MI], CALCIUM FORMATE [NDI], CALCIUM FORMATE [HSDB], NDI 658 [FDMS], CHEBI:81851, CALCIUM FORMATE [WHO-DD], AKOS015901918, E238, NS00078356, C18586, Q221123
Calcium formate is stable at room temperature, is inflammable and forms orthorhombic crystals.
The mineral form is very rare and called formicaite, and is known from a few boron deposits.
Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium formate is formed as a co-product during trimethylolpropane production, Calcium formate can also be made from calcium hydroxide and carbon monoxide at high pressure and temperature or from calcium chloride and formic acid.
Calcium formate is a compound of calcium salt and formic acid.
Calcium formate is formed by the reaction of carbon monoxide and calcium hydroxide or formaldehyde with calcium compound contained in an aqueous solution.
White solid; Soluble in water
Colorless crystals or powder.
Calcium formate is an organic molecular entity comprises of calcium and formiate ions.
Calcium formate is a white crystalline, inflammable solid with no odor which is also known as E238 and stable at room temperature.
Calcium formate is produced during the production of trimethylolpropane as a co-product where Calcium Hydroxide is utilized as a calcium source.
Calcium formate is synthesized from several reactions such as by reacting Calcium Hydroxide and Carbon Monoxide at high temperature and pressure and by reacting Calcium Chloride and Formic Acid.
Calcium formate is an additive designed to significantly improve the qualities and properties of tile adhesives.
As an additive Calcium formate prolongs open time, improves adhesions and is a highly efficient strength accelerator.
Calcium formate is a white to almost white fine crystalline powder.
Calcium formate shortens the initial and final setting times and increases the compressive strength and combined water content as well as gel/space ratio at all ages of hydration.
Calcium formate decreases the total porosity.
Calcium formate, Ca(HCOO)2, is the calcium salt of formic acid, HCOOH.
Calcium formate is also known as food additive E238 in food industry.
The mineral form is very rare and called formicaite.
Calcium formate is known from a few boron deposits.
Calcium formate may be produced synthetically by reacting calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with formic acid.
Calcium formate is white solid, solubility at 0 °C 13.90 g, at 40 °C 14.56 g, at 80 °C 15.22 g of anhydrous salt per 100 g saturated solution, formed by reaction of calcium carbonate or hydroxide and formic acid.
Calcium formate, when heated with a calcium salt of a carboxylic acid higher in the series, yields an aldehyde.
Calcium formate is a white or light yellow powder that is soluble in water and stable under ordinary conditions.
Calcium formate is a white to yellow crystalline powder.
Calcium formate increases cement hardness, workability at low temperatures and decreases setting time and prevents efflorescence.
Calcium formate is a white to yellow solid in crystal or powder form at ambient temperatures with a slight acidic odor.
Calcium formate is a naturally occurring chemical found in the human body and in many food sources.
Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium formate is an highly water-soluble product, and thanks to Calcium formate's strong compatibility with plant tissues, Calcium formate quickly reaches the areas of the plant where the deficiency occurs.
Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium formate is one of the numerous organometallic compounds and an additive produced to significantly enhance the qualities and properties of tile adhesives.
Calcium formate has Calcium formate's wide uses in non-aqueous solubilities such as solar energy and water treatment applications.
The availability ofCalcium formate is in abundance and can be conveniently bought in major volumes and bulk quantities.
Calcium formate [Ca(HCOO)2] is the calcium salt of formic acid.
Calcium formate contains 69% of formic acid and 31% of calcium with low PH and neutral moisture.
The molecular weight of Calcium formate is 130.12, and Calcium formate has bulk density of 72.6 lbs/ft3.
Calcium formate may be produced synthetically by reacting calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with formic acid.
USES and APPLICATIONS of CALSIUM FORMIATE:
Calcium formate is white crystal with excellent fluidity, which is often used as an setting-Accelerator in mortar.
In dry-mixed mortar products, such as thermal insulation mortar, tile adhesive, cement-based plaster, repair mortar, etc, in order to improve the early strength, high-alumina cement and gypsum are usually used as coagulant, (at low temperature, Calcium formate is also necessary to add antifreeze ).
Calcium formate has a dual role as a new type of setting-Accelerator , which can accelerate the hardening speed of cement, improve the early strength, and avoid the slow setting speed of mortar in winter construction or low temperature and humidity so that the mortar can be put into use as early as possible, especially contributing to the early strength.
Calcium formate is a kind of setting-Accelerator that can accelerates concrete/mortar coagulation and hardening.
Calcium formate can shorten the initial setting time.
Calcium formate can normallzies the cement/mortar retardation under low temperature conditions.
Calcium formate can increase the rate of early strength growth.
Calcium formate can shorten the mold closing time in the module during the production of concrete prefabricated parts.
Calcium formate can shorten the time of concrete reaching load capacity.
Calcium formate can be used in concrete, dry mortar and tile adhesives, acting on both setting and hardening time by accelerating the formation of tricalcium alluminate silicate.
Depending on the dosage of Calcium formate, Calcium formate also can strongly modify the initial workability of the wet mortar.
Calcium formate is mainly used in construction mortar and various concretes to speed up the hardening speed of cement and shorten the setting time, especially in winter construction, to avoid slow setting speed at low temperature.
The demoulding is fast, so that the cement can be put into use as soon as possible.
Leather Tanning:
Calcium formate is used extensively in the leather industry as a masking agent in the chrome-tanning process.
The addition of Calcium formate to the tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient penetration of the chrome in the leather.
Calcium formate can also be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.
Cement Additive:
As an additive to grouts and cement, Calcium formate imparts a number of properties desirable in the final product, e.g. increased hardness and decreased setting time in comparison to ordinary cements.
The addition of Calcium formate is desirable for work at low temperature and for inhibition of corrosion of metal substrates.
Calcium formate is also effective in the prevention of efflorescence.
When used in gypsum board, Calcium formate functions as a fire retardant.
Silage Treatment:
Calcium formate is commonly used as a component of an ensiling agent for silage treatment.
The use of Calcium formate in the silage suppresses the formation of side reaction products such as propionic acid, while promoting the formation of desirable lactic acid in anaerobic fermentation.
Gas Generation:
A mixture of Calcium formate with ammonium nitrate or with chlorate, perchlorate, peroxide, superoxide or permanganate of an alkali metal will rapidly evolve large volumes of gas when ignited.
Because the released gases are cool, non-poisonous and non-irritating, they could be used for the inflation of automobile passenger restraint bags or other similar applications.
Flue-gas Desulfurization:
SOx is abated in the flue-gases from the burning of high-sulfur fuel oil if the oil has been emulsified with a solution containing Calcium formate before burning. As much as 95% of the SOx is removed.
Safety Explosives:
Calcium formate can be used as the fuel component in explosives designed to have improved deflagration behaviour.
Such explosives are suitable for use in hazardous atmospheres often encountered in coalmines.
De-icing agent:
Mixtures of Calcium formate with urea are excellent agents for the melting of ice.
Less corrosion of steel and cement surfaces is observed than with other de-icers.
Other uses:
Calcium formate can be used as an additive to improve solution stability of various resins, as a corrosion inhibitor in moulding and wire-drawing operations, or as a catalyst in place of calcium acetate.
Animal Feed Additive:
Calcium formate is an organic salt suitable for use in pig and poultry diets.
Calcium formate acts as a feedstock preservative and has an acidifying effect on the gastro-intestinal tract, which promotes good gut-health.
The efficiency of pig and poultry feedstock digestion is dependent on the indigenous micro-organism concentration in the gastro-intestinal tract.
With the approaching ban on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in animal feed as a means to control disease and promote growth, alternatives are needed to limit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the gut which can impair feedstock digestion as well as cause enteric diseases such as E Coli and Salmonella.
Acidifiers such as Calcium formate preserve the feedstock before consumption and lower the pH in the gastro-intestinal tract, creating unfavourable conditions for these bacteria to grow.
Calcium formate is used within EU as an animal feed preservative.
Calcium formate acidifies the feed thus preventing microbe growth and increasing shelf life.
About 15 g of Calcium formate addition per kg of feed lowers its pH by one.
Calcium formate prevents the growth bacteria such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus hirae in growth mediums.
Calcium formate prevents the growth of fungi like Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.
Calcium formate is used as a masking agent in the chrome tanning of leather.
Calcium formate in tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient leather penetration of the chrome.
Calcium formate can be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.
As a grout and cement additive, Calcium formate imparts a number of desirable properties in the final product, increased hardness and decreased setting time.
Calcium formate's addition is desirable for work at low temperature and for inhibition of corrosion of metal substrates within cement/grout.
Calcium formate is also effective in the prevention of efflorescence.
In drywall (gypsum board), Calcium formate can function as a fire retardant.
Calcium formate and urea mixtures are effective deicers, and tend to cause less corrosion of steel and cement surfaces relative to some other deicers.
Calcium formate could be used to remove environmentally harmful (see acid rain) sulfur oxides (SOX) from fossil fuel exhausts of e.g. power plants.
Calcium formate is added to wet calcium carbonate to promote the formation of gypsum when exhaust is run through it.
This process is called wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGS).
Gypsum binds sulfur oxides thus reducing their release to the environment via exhaust.
Calcium formate seems to be more effective than or almost equally as effective as some other industrially used WFGS agents.
Calcium formate is used as a masking agent in the chrome tanning process in the leather industry.
Addition of Calcium formate helps in penetration of chrome in the leather with more efficiency during the chrome tanning process.
Calcium formate can also be utilized as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.
Calcium formate is added to the feed, as Calcium formate inhibits the propagation of coli bacillus and other pathogenic bacteria and promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus.
Thus, diarrhea caused by bacterial infection among animals is prevented.
Calcium formate is widely used as concrete & remicon additives in the construction industry.
Calcium formate is employed as a cement additive in the construction industry to increase the strength of cement products.
Calcium formate is also used to improve the strength of blocks and bricks, and concrete and adhesives.
Calcium formate increases the hardness of products and decreases the setting time, as compared to that required by ordinary cement.
Calcium formate helps prevent the corrosion of metals in construction activities.
Calcium formate is also effective in the prevention of efflorescence.
Calcium formate is utilized in gypsum boards, as it has fire retardant properties.
Calcium formate is an organic salt that is extensively employed as an additive in animal feed.
Calcium formate acts as a preservative in animal feed and promotes good health due to the acidifying effect on the gastro-intestinal tract of animals.
Calcium formate is added to feed, as Calcium formate promotes the propagation of coli bacillus and other pathogenic bacteria.
Usage of Calcium formate in silage suppresses the formation of side reaction products such as propionic acid, while promoting the formation of desirable lactic acid in anaerobic fermentation.
Concrete & Remicon (Ready-mix Concrete) Additives
Animal Feed
Textile Dyeing & Finishing
Others (including Anti-corrosion Additive, De-icing Agent, and Oil Well Drilling)
In a role of additives, Calcium formate prolongs open time, improves adhesions, and is a highly efficient strength accelerator.
Calcium formate has various uses in several industries.
Calcium formate is used in many products, including adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modeling clay, and fertilizers.
Calcium formate is also extensively used for indoor use such as in machine wash liquids, detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances, and air fresheners.
Calcium formate is used as a preservative in feed for all animal species.
Feed Additives
Tile & Stone Additives
Concrete Setting
Leather Tanning
Drilling Fluids
Textile Additives
Flue gas desulfurization
Animal Husbandry
Chemical
Textile
Construction
The application of Calcium formate improves the organoleptic properties of fruits and vegetables and the increase in shelf-life.
Calcium formate is a technological feed additive belonging to the functional group “preservatives”, protects feed against deterioration caused by micro-organisms (e.g. bacteria, molds, yeasts) or their metabolites.
Calcium formate is used especially in feed for rearing piglets as a highly available calcium carrier.
Calcium formate is used as an acidulant and preservative in livestock feed to regulate Calcium formate.
Animal intestinal function promotes nutrient absorption.
Calcium formate can also be used as a new feed additive.
The use of Calcium formate as a feed additive for piglets can promote appetite, reduce the rate of diarrhea in piglets, and achieve weight gain.
Calcium formate can be used as a fast setting agent to enhance the early strength of cement.
Calcium formate has a great effect on building mortar and various concrete, speeding up the hardening speed of cement and shortening the setting time.
In winter construction, Calcium formate can be used to avoid too low condensation at low temperatures and to quickly release cement to increase cement strength as quickly as possible.
Agriculture Intermediates, Animal Nutrition & Feed, Food & Beverage, Food Additives, Coatings, Paints
Agriculture & Animal Care, Food & Beverage
Calcium formate is primarily used in the manufacture of tiling grouts and concrete products.
Calcium formate also be used as a component in the manufacture of industrial drilling fluids and lubricants, in the tanning of leather, and in flue gas scrubbing operations.
Calcium formate is used extensively in the leather industry as a masking agent in the chrome-tanning process.
Calcium formate is also used in animal feed.
Adhesives and sealants
Fillers
Putties
Plasters
Modelling clay
Fertilisers
Calcium formate is used as an admixture in grout and cement.
Calcium formate can be used as a fire retardant in gypsum, a masking agent in leather tanning and animal feed preservative in agriculture.
Leather tanning, in producing formic acid, to accelerate the hardening of concrete and in animal feed.
Calcium formate can be used as a dietary ingredient and as a nutrient.
Calcium is vital for strong bone and teeth formation.
Calcium formate helps to maintain a regular heartbeat and transmission of nerve impulses.
Calcium formate is Hydrophobic additives for construction materials.
Calcium formate is used as a potential energy source in the preparation of fuel cells.
Calcium formate is used in chemical synthesis of various anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents.
Preservative for food, silage; as binder for fine-ore briquets; in drilling fluids and lubricants.
Calcium formate is an organic salt suitable for use in pig and poultry diets.
Calcium formate acts as a feedstock preservative and has an acidifying effect on the gastro-intestinal tract, which promotes good gut-health.
Calcium formate is used extensively in the leather industry as a masking agent in the chrome-tanning process.
The addition of Calcium formate to the tannage formulation promotes faster, more efficient penetration of the chrome in the leather.
Calcium formate can also be used as a replacement for formic acid in the pickling operation.
Calcium formate can be used as a nutrient supplement to the feed of young growing pigs or fattening poultry, further boosting the growth of animals and the feed utilization.
Calcium formate causes a reduction of the occurrence of piglet diarrhea.
Calcium formate can be used an accelerator for the pozzolanic cement pastes.
Calcium formate is used in the concrete industry and in certain animal food products.
Calcium formate is used in concrete for acceleration and improves water stability and leather tanning.
Calcium formate find utility in many applications including Leather Tanning as a masking agent in a tanning process, as a cement additive, silage treatment, for flue-gas desulfurization, as an animal feed, as a deicing agent, as a corrosion inhibitor, in the production of safety explosives and others.
The major end use industries of Calcium formate are Textile and Leather industry, Feed additive, Building and Construction, Chemicals, and Others.
Calcium formate is used as a preservative, as a buffer (pH 4) and in mineral tanning solutions.
Calcium formate is used as a preservative for silage and food, a binder for fine ore briquettes, a component of drilling fluids and lubricants, and a concrete setting accelerator.
Calcium formate is used in chrome tanning and flue gas scrubbing
Cement Producing
Leather Tanning and Processing
Metal Extraction and Refining
Petroleum Production and Refining
Calcium formate is widely used in construction, tanning, and textile manufacture and as an E238 biological additive in cosmetology and the food industry.
Calcium formate is commonly used as a component of an ensiling agent for silage treatment.
The use of Calcium formate in the silage suppresses the formation of side reaction products such as propionic acid, while promoting the formation of desirable lactic acid in anaerobic fermentation.
Calcium formate is used as a food additive in the food industry.
Calcium formate for concrete and dry mortar applications to accelerate setting and hardening of concrete with especially good effect at low temperatures.
Calcium formate is used in tile adhesives to improve water stability and workability.
Calcium formate is used, among other things, as an aggregate for cementitious building materials, as an additive for processing oil emulsions or as an additive for animal feed.
Raw material in the chemical industry
Textile and leather industry
Production of glues and adhesives
Industrial raw material
Construction industry
Concrete admixture
Building material
Wastewater treatment
Fabric, textile and leather products
Corrosion inhibitor and anti-scaling agent
De-icer
Preservative
Animal feed
Building & Construction products
Floor coverings
Coatings & Construction
Animal Nutrition
Chemical Processing
Adhesives & Sealants
Beamhouse
Chemical synthesis
Coal
Concrete Admixtures
Construction material
Feedstuff additives
Gas desulphurization
Manufacturing of dyestuffs
Manufacturing of glues and adhesives
Silage preservation agents
Soaking
Textile auxiliaries
Calcium formate is an additive designed to significantly improve the qualities and properties of tile adhesives.
As an additive Calcium formate prolongs open time, improves adhesions and is a highly efficient strength accelerator which is of importance for tile mortars where you need acceleration and low skin formation.
Even improves water stability, pliability and homogeneity.
Calcium formate is used in concrete - acceleration and improves water stability and leather tanning.
PRODUCTION of CALSIUM FORMIATE:
Calcium formate is formed as a co-product during trimethylolpropane production.
Hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) is used as the source of calcium.
Butyraldehyde and formaldehyde react in a water solution in the presence of a basic catalyst, forming an unstable intermediate product, dimethylol butyraldehyde (DIMBA).
DIMBA reacts further with formaldehyde to give trimethylolpropane and Calcium formate.
Calcium formate is separated from the solution, heat treated to remove formaldehyde and then dried.
Calcium formate can also be made from calcium hydroxide and carbon monoxide at high pressure and temperature – e.g., at 180 °C and 35 atm.
Calcium formate may also be made from calcium chloride and formic acid.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS of CALSIUM FORMIATE:
Calcium formate can be used to prepare solutions of other water-soluble formiate salts.
For example, the addition of nickel (II) sulfate to a solution of Calcium formate results in the precipitation of insoluble calcium sulfate, leaving nickel (II) formiate in solution:
Ca(OOCH)2 + NiSO1 → CaSO4 + Ni(OOCH)2
In a similar reaction, sulfuric acid reacts with Calcium formate to provide low-cost solutions of formic acid:
Ca(OOCH)2 + H2 SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HCOOH
When heated, Calcium formate decomposes to calcium carbonate and formaldehyde:
Ca(OOCH)2 → CaCO3 + HCHO
Continued heating at higher temperatures results in the breakdown of these decomposition products:
HCHO → CO + H2
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Calcium formate can be used as a low-cost reducing agent in the conversion of carboxylic acids to aldehydes.
This process is an effective substitute for the troublesome Rosenmund reduction.
(RCOO)2Ca + (HCOO)2CA → 2RCH + 2CaCO
ADDITION RATES of CALSIUM FORMIATE:
Dosage rates will be dependent on mix design, process, types of materials and the desired effect but typically:
500gms – 2000gms per 100 kg cement
(0.50% – 2.00% by weight of cement)
It is advisable to carry out preliminary tests to establish the correct dosage for the application.
