PRODUCTS

CALCIUM GLUCONATE

EC / List no.: 206-075-8
CAS no.: 299-28-5

Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement and medication.
As a medication Calcium gluconate is used by injection into a vein to treat low blood calcium, high blood potassium, and magnesium toxicity.
Supplementation is generally only required when there is not enough calcium in the diet.
Supplementation may be done to treat or prevent osteoporosis or rickets.
Calcium gluconate can also be taken by mouth but is not recommended for injection into a muscle.

Side effects when injected include slow heart rate, pain at the site of injection, and low blood pressure.
When taken by mouth side effects may include constipation and nausea.
Blood calcium levels should be measured when used and extra care should be taken in those with a history of kidney stones.
At normal doses, use is regarded as safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Calcium gluconate is made by mixing gluconic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.

Calcium gluconate came into medical use in the 1920s.
Calcium gluconate is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Calcium gluconate is available as a generic medication.

Calcium Gluconate is an over-the-counter and a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Hypocalcemia (calcium deficiency) and as a Calcium Supplement.
Calcium Gluconate may be used alone or with other medications.

Calcium Gluconate belongs to a class of drugs called Antidotes, Other; Calcium Salts.

Calcium Gluconate is the calcium salt of gluconic acid, an oxidation product of glucose, and contains 9.3% calcium, which is about one-third of the calcium in strength of calcium chloride USP.
Since it is soluble to the extent of only one part in 30 parts of cold water, the 10% solution is supersaturated and is stabilized by the addition of calcium saccharate tetrahydrate 0.46% w/v (which supplies calcium 6.2%).
Each mL contains 98 mg of calcium gluconatemonohydrate, 4.6 mg of calcium saccharate tetrahydrate, and Water for Injection USP, q.s. Each mL provides 9.3 mg (0.465 milliequivalents) of calcium.

The 100 mL Pharmacy Bulk Package contains many single doses for use in a pharmacy admixture program in the preparation of parenteral fluids. See directions for dispensing from the 100 mL Pharmacy Bulk Package.
pH is adjusted with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid.

Medical uses
Low blood calcium
10% calcium gluconate solution (given intravenously) is the form of calcium most widely used in the treatment of low blood calcium.
This form of calcium is not as well absorbed as calcium lactate, and it only contains 0.93% (930 mg/dl) calcium ion (defined by 1 g weight solute in 100 ml of solution to make 1% solution w/v).
Therefore, if the hypocalcemia is acute and severe, calcium chloride is given instead.

High blood potassium
Calcium gluconate is used as a cardioprotective agent in people with high blood potassium levels, with one alternative being the use of calcium chloride.
Calcium gluconate is recommended when the potassium levels are high (>6.5 mmol/l) or when the electrocardiogram (ECG) shows changes due to high blood potassium.

Though it does not have an effect on potassium levels in the blood, it reduces the excitability of cardiomyocytes, thereby lowering the likelihood of cardiac arrhythmias.

Magnesium sulfate overdose
Calcium gluconate is also used to counteract an overdose of Epsom salts magnesium sulfate, which is often administered to pregnant women in order to prophylactically prevent seizures (as in a patient experiencing preeclampsia).
Magnesium sulfate is no longer given to pregnant women who are experiencing premature labor in order to slow or stop their contractions (other tocolytics are now used instead due to better efficacy and side effect profiles).
Excess magnesium sulfate results in magnesium sulfate toxicity, which results in both respiratory depression and a loss of deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia).

Hydrofluoric acid burns
Gel preparations of calcium gluconate are used to treat hydrofluoric acid burns.
The calcium gluconate reacts with hydrofluoric acid to form insoluble, non-toxic calcium fluoride.
In addition to a 2.5% calcium gluconate gel being applied directly to the chemical burn, the person may also receive calcium gluconate supplements because the fluoride ion precipitates serum calcium, causing hypocalcemia.

Cardiac arrest
While intravenous calcium has been used in cardiac arrest, its general use is not recommended.
Cases of cardiac arrest in which it is still recommended include high blood potassium, low blood calcium such as may occur following blood transfusions, and calcium channel blocker overdose.
There is the potential that general use could worsen outcomes.
If calcium is used, calcium chloride is generally the recommended form.

Uses:
Calcium gluconate is used to prevent or treat low blood calcium levels in people who do not get enough calcium from their diets.
Calcium gluconate may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany).
Calcium gluconate may also be used in certain patients to make sure they are getting enough calcium (such as women who are pregnant, nursing, or postmenopausal, people taking certain medications such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, or prednisone).
Calcium plays a very important role in the body.
Calcium gluconate is necessary for normal functioning of nerves, cells, muscle, and bone.
If there is not enough calcium in the blood, then the body will take calcium from bones, thereby weakening bones. Having the right amount of calcium is important for building and keeping strong bones.

How to use Calcium Gluconate
Take Calcium gluconate by mouth with food. If your product contains calcium citrate, then it may be taken with or without food. Follow all directions on the product package, or take as directed by your doctor.
For best absorption, if your daily dose is more than 600 milligrams, then divide your dose and space it throughout the day.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

If you are using the chewable product, chew it well before swallowing.

If you are using the effervescent tablet, allow the tablet to fully dissolve in a glass of water before drinking it.
Do not chew or swallow the tablet whole.

If you are using the liquid product or powder, measure the medication with a dose-measuring spoon or device to make sure you get the correct dose. Do not use a household spoon.
If the liquid product is a suspension, shake the bottle well before each dose.

Use Calcium gluconate regularly to get the most benefit from it.
To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.

Calcium Gluconate is the gluconate salt of calcium.
An element or mineral necessary for normal nerve, muscle, and cardiac function, calcium as the gluconate salt helps to maintain calcium balance and prevent bone loss when taken orally.
This agent may also be chemopreventive for colon and other cancers. (NCI04)

Calcium gluconate is used as mineral supplement and medication when there is insufficient calcium in the diet. Supplementation may be done to treat or prevent osteoporosis or rickets, consequences of hypocalcemia.
Calcium gluconate can also be taken by mouth but is not recommended by injection into a muscle.
Calcium Gluconate Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic supersaturated solution of calcium gluconate for intravenous use only.
Each mL contains: Calcium gluconate 94 mg; calcium saccharate (tetrahydrate) 4.5 mg; water for injection q.s. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added for pH adjustment (6.0 to 8.2).
Calcium saccharate provides 6% of the total calcium and stabilizes the supersaturated solution of calcium gluconate.
Each 10 mL of the injection provides 93 mg elemental calcium (Ca++) equivalent to 1 g of calcium gluconate.
Calcium gluconate is the calcium salt of D-gluconic acid. Calcium gluconate has a role as a nutraceutical. Calcium gluconate contains a D-gluconate.

What is calcium gluconate?
Calcium is a mineral that is found naturally in foods. Calcium is necessary for many normal functions of the body, especially bone formation and maintenance.

Calcium gluconate is used to prevent or to treat calcium deficiencies.

Calcium gluconate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Pharmacodynamics
Calcium Gluconate is the gluconate salt of calcium.
An element or mineral necessary for normal nerve, muscle, and cardiac function, calcium as the gluconate salt helps to maintain calcium balance and prevent bone loss when taken orally.
This agent may also be chemopreventive for colon and other cancers.

Mechanism of action
Calcium is essential for the functional integrity of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
Calcium gluconate plays a role in normal cardiac function, renal function, respiration, blood coagulation, and cell membrane and capillary permeability.
Also, calcium helps to regulate the release and storage of neurotransmitters and hormones, the uptake and binding of amino acids, absorption of vitamin B 12, and gastrin secretion.
The major fraction (99%) of calcium is in the skeletal structure primarily as hydroxyapatite, Ca 10(PO 4) 6(OH) 2; small amounts of calcium carbonate and amorphous calcium phosphates are also present.
The calcium of bone is in a constant exchange with the calcium of plasma.
Since the metabolic functions of calcium are essential for life, when there is a disturbance in the calcium balance because of dietary deficiency or other causes, the stores of calcium in bone may be depleted to fill the body's more acute needs.
Therefore, on a chronic basis, normal mineralization of bone depends on adequate amounts of total body calcium.

Description
Calcium gluconate is the calcium salt of gluconate, being an oxidative product of glucose containing 9.3% calcium.
Calcium gluconate is a kind of mineral supplement and medication.
Calcium gluconate can be used for vein injection to treat the low blood calcium, high blood potassium, and magnesium toxicity.
Calcium gluconate is required only when there is not enough calcium in the diet.
Calcium gluconate is also used for the treatment of black widow spider bites to relieve muscle cramping and treatment of osteoporosis or rickets.
Calcium gluconate can also be used to decrease the capillary permeability in allergic conditions, nonthrombocytopenic purpura and exudative dermatoses.

Chemical Properties
white crystalline powder or granules

Uses:
analgesic, antipyretic
Calcium Gluconate is used as an inert ingredient in pesticide formulations applied to crops.
Calcium gluconate is also used as a supplement to fortify beverages and foods lacking a sufficient amount of calcium.
In sewage purification; in coffee powders to prevent caking.
Calcium Gluconate is a white crystalline granule or powder that functions as a firming agent, formulation aid, sequestrant, and sta- bilizer.
at room temperature the anhydrous form has a solubility of approximately 1 g in 30 ml of water, which improves in boiling water to approximately 1 g in 5 ml of water.
Calcium gluconate also exists as calcium gluconate (monohydrate).
Calcium gluconate is used as a source of calcium ions for sodium alginate gels, and as a calcium fortifier in baked goods, pud- dings, and dairy product analogs.
Calcium gluconate functions as a coagulation aid in milk and instant pudding powders and as a means of masking the bitter aftertaste of some artificial sweeteners.

About Calcium gluconate
Helpful information
Calcium gluconate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.

Calcium gluconate is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.

Consumer Uses
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Calcium gluconate is most likely to be released to the environment.

Article service life
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Calcium gluconate is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers
Calcium gluconate is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Calcium gluconate is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Calcium gluconate is used for the manufacture of: mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Other release to the environment of Calcium gluconate is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).
Formulation or re-packing
Calcium gluconate is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Release to the environment of Calcium gluconate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Uses at industrial sites
Calcium gluconate is used in the following products: pharmaceuticals.
Calcium gluconate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Calcium gluconate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.
Manufacture
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Calcium gluconate is most likely to be released to the environment.

IUPAC NAMES:
calcium (2R,3S,4R,5R)- 2,3,4,5,6- entahydroxyhexanoate
calcium (2R,3S,4R,5R)- 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
calcium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
calcium bis((2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate)
calcium bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate)
calcium bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate) (non-preferred name)
Calcium gluconate
calcium gluconate
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium gluconate
calcium;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate

SYNONYMS:
CALCIUM D-GLUCONATE
CALCIUM GLUCONATE
GLUCONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT
GLUCONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT
D-GLUCONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT
D-GLUCONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT
2,3,4,5,6-PENTAHYDROXYCAPROIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT
calcicol
Glucose Impurity 8
calcipur
CalciumD-gluconate,medicinal
Calciumgluconatehydrate
calciumglyconate
calciumhexagluconate
calciumsalt(2:1),d-gluconicaci
calglucol
calglucon
gluconatodicalcio
kalpren
novocal
Calcium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
Calcisan
D-Gluconic acid, calcium salt,99%
Calcium di-D-gluconate
1,2,3,4,5-Pentahydroxycaproic acid calciuM salt
CalciuM Gluconate
calciuM gluconate USP/FCCIV
Gluconate (Calcium)
Calcium Gluconate Anhydrous (200 mg)
D-Gluconic acid calcium
Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate gel solution
CALCIUM D-GLUCONATE, hemihydrate
ebucin
glucal
gluconatedecalcium
gluconatedecalcium(french)
Cal cium D-gluconate monohidrate
D-GLUCONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM
CALCIUM D-GLUCONATE MONOHYDRATE, 98.5-10 2%
CALCIUM D-GLUCONATE MONOHYDRATE, PH EUR
CalciumD-gluconategel,2.5%w/wAqueousSolution
D-GLUCONIC ACID 0.5 H2O
D-Gluconicacid,calciumsalt(2:1)
dragocal
Calcium gluconate (non-medicinal)
calcium d-gluconate gel
CALCIUM GLUCONATE ANHYDROUS
CALCIUMGLUCONATE,ANHYDROUS,FCC
CALCIUMGLUCONATE,ANHYDROUS,POWDER,USP
CALCIUMGLUCONATE,ANHYDROUS,USP
Biocal
Gluconic acid, calcium salt (2:1), D- (8CI)
CALCIUMBIS(2,3,4,5,6-PENTAHYDROXYHEXANOATE)
GLYCINE-STABILIZEDCALCIUMGLUCONATE
Calciumgluconat
Calcium D-gluconate gel, 2.5% w/w aq. soln.
Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate, 98+%
CALCIUM GLUCONATE INJECTABLE IV SOLUTION