CALCIUM LIGNOSULFONATE

CALCIUM LIGNOSULFONATE= Lignosulfonic acid, calcium salt
Molecular Formula:C20H24CaO10S2

CAS NO: 8061-52-7
EC / List no.: 617-125-7

Calcium Lignosulfonate (Molecular Formula C20H24CaO10S2)CAS No.8061-52-7, is yellow brown soluble powder.
By nature is polymer electrolyte having a molecular weight from the 1,000-100000. 10000-40000 dispersion can be used as concrete superplasticizer. 
Cement slurry thinners, sand reinforcement, pesticide emulsifier, dispersant dressing, leather pre-tanning agent, ceramic or refractory plasticizer, an oil or dam grouting gel,calcium and magnesium fertilizer and so on.
Calcium lignosulfonate  is an amorphous material derived from lignin. 
Calcium lignosulfonate is a light-yellow-brown powder that is soluble in water, but practically insoluble in organic solvents. 
Calcium lignosulfonate exhibits a weight average molecular weight in the range of 40,000 to 65,000 with greater than 90% ranging from 1,000 to 250,000. 
Calcium Lignosulfonate(Calcium Lignosulphonate) is water soluble yellow powder ,byproduct from sulfite pulping of paper industry.
Soluble in water , insoluble in organic solvent ,average molecular weight in the range of 40000-65000.

Uses
1. Could work as plasticizer in making concrete n making concrete to maintain the ability of concrete flow with less water.Also used during the production of cement, where they act as grinding aids in the cement mill and as a rawmix slurry deflocculant (that reduces the viscosity of the slurry).
2. Could be used in lead batteries to acts on crystallization of the lead sulfate thus increase the battery to get a much longer life-time.
3. Could used as a filler and binder in ceramic tiles, resins to fiber boards, casting sand and in fodder pellets.
4. Work as dust-suppression roads as well as in dusty processes within industry. Lignosulfonate is used as a dispersant in products like fodder, disperse pesticides, dyes,carbon black, and other insoluble solids and liquids into water.
5. Could reduce the viscosity of mineral slurries is used to advantage in oil drilling mud, where it replaced tannic acids from quebracho (a tropical tree).
6. Could be used for the production of plasterboard to reduce the amount of water required to make the stucco flow and form the layer between two sheets of paper. The reduction in water content allows lower kiln temperatures to dry the plasterboard, saving energy.
7. Lignosulphonates could work as a binder of powder and granular materials: for iron ore powder, lead and zinc powder, pulverized coal, coke Toner pressure on the ball; extrusion of cast iron, cast steel sand repression; mud-brick wall and floor tiles molding; mineral aggregate into a ball and provides high strength, good stability, lubrication and mold good results.

Granulating agent for limestone and ores, compaction aid for coal and metal wastes, and dispersing agent for gypsum and clay slurries.

1.Calcium lignosulfonate used as water reduction in concrete.

Calcium lignosulfonate superplasticizer is a surface-active agent, added to the concrete, due to the orientation of hydrophobic groups adsorbed on the cement particle surface, so that a negative charge of cement. 
Cement particles have the same charge in the charge repulsion exclusion from each other under the action of dispersion of cement in water the initially-formed into a dispersion structure floc structure, flocculation cohesion body of free water is released, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing agent.

2.Calcium lignosulfonate used animal feed additives.

Function to Digestion system. 
To feed a variety of complex molecular nutrients fully decomposed and a good organic combination, increase gastrointestinal function and promote the role of protein assimilation.

Impact of endocrine function. 
lignosulfonate and lignohumate can stimulate the secretion of certain glands, inhibition of sympathetic nerve, causing drowsiness, so that the body is in sleep or quiet state of time increased, general body movement and visceral activity decreased, this is conducive to the assimilation of the whole body, So that the organ system can be restored in time, on the other hand when the animal sleep temperature, heat consumption and excess exercise energy consumption decreased, the relative increase in stored energy, so that the muscle and fat deposition increased, improved feed conversion rate.
Anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory effect. lignosulfonate and lignohumate can be activated by the pituitary-adrenal system to promote the release of corticosteroids and ACTH, inhibition of prostaglandin E synthesis (prostaglandin is the painful process of the media), and can fight against lymphoid capillary permeability increased.
Antiviral effects. 
lignosulfonate and lignohumate and antibiotics are different from the decomposition of mould and bacteria, while the virus protein denaturation, resulting in an anti-viral effect.

3.Dust suppressants(Dust control agent)and surface stabilizer

Lignosulfonate could work as an effective dust control agent and surface stabilizer. 
As e all know lignin has a strong ability to bind cellulose and fibre to increase tree firmness. 
So this feature could be much more environmental.

4.Used as fertilizer

Can supply organic calcium and magnesium in a fast way. 
Improve soil structure, increase soil fertilizer and so on.

5.Leather tanning.

Manufacturing process
Calcium lignosulfonate  is produced from softwood in the sulfite pulping method for manufacturing paper. 
The wood chips are digested with acidic calcium bisulfite solution in large reaction vessels where they are processed through cooking cycles of 6 - 10 hours. 
The highest temperature during a cooking cycle is approximately 130°. 
In this process, bisulfite ions react with the native lignin polymer of the wood to form sulfonated lignin (i.e., lignosulfonate). 
This reaction increases the water-solubility of the hydrophobic lignin polymer. The calcium bisulfite provides the calcium ions that stabilise the anionic sulfonate groups in the lignosulfonates. 
After the completion of pulping, water-insoluble cellulose and soluble calcium lignosulfonate are separated by filtration.
The brownish filtrate, containing the lignosulfonates, will also contain residual amounts of sulfite salts and reducing-sugar monomers formed from wood cellulose during pulping. 
The pH of the filtrate is adjusted by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid. 
The water and sulfite (as sulfur dioxide) content are reduced by subsequent evaporation.
After the first evaporation step, the filtrate may be diluted with water before it is subjected to further purification by ultrafiltration at moderately elevated temperatures. 
Ultrafiltration is a liquid/liquid separation method whereby the filtrate is separated by molecular size through a semi-permeable membrane. 
The ultrafiltration step separates the high-molecular-weight lignosulfonate fraction from depolymerisation
products, such as low-molecular-weight lignosulfonates, and reducing-sugar monomers. 
According to the sponsor, the use of other than softwood as a source material would not yield a product with the desirable high-molecular-weight distribution.
The purified calcium lignosulfonate  from ultrafiltration may be pH-adjusted by the addition of dilute sulfuric acid. 
This solution is then evaporated at a temperature of 95-105° to a dry-matter content that is appropriate for spray-drying. 
The final product is spray-dried to the moisture content in accordance with the specification for Loss on drying and filled into containers suitable for holding food. 

Functional use
Technological function
Calcium lignosulfonate  is intended for use as a carrier for the production of encapsulated fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), carotenoids (e.g. β-carotene, β-apo-8’-carotenal, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, and lycopene), and other functional ingredients to facilitate their introduction into water-based foods. 
It has an adequate emulsifying and film-forming effect and a viscosity that ensure the formation of droplets of
appropriate size in the final step of the encapsulation process.
According to the sponsor, gelatins, gum arabic, soy protein hydrolysates, and starches (including chemically modified starches, such as octenyl succinate starches) are the most commonly used water-soluble matrix materials for the production of encapsulated nutrients; in general, gelatins are preferred if a barrier against oxygen is required. 
The sponsor notes, however, that gelatins of animal origin have shortcomings, for example, in terms of kosher/halal, BSE, and allergen labelling issues, compared to calcium lignosulfonate (40- 65), which is of plant origin.

Food categories and use levels
The sponsor intends that vitamin and carotenoid preparations containing calcium lignosulfonate  will be used as nutrient sources in various food applications, such as fruit-based beverages and vitamin drinks.
Carotenoid preparations may also be used as food colours. The levels of calcium lignosulfonate  in foods will depend on the application and permitted levels of use of food colours and nutrients. 
The carrier would normally provide about 50% of the mass of vitamin and nutrient products with the active ingredient comprising about 10%, the rest being made up of other food ingredients/additives. 
However, according to the sponsor, for technological reasons the ratio of active principle to calcium lignosulfonate  in powdered products will vary between 1:5 to 1:200 resulting in levels of lignosulfonate typically in the range of 2 to 100 mg/kg in fortified or coloured foods and beverages. 
The intended food uses are the same as for the commonly used water-soluble matrix materials gelatins, gum arabic, soy protein hydrolysates, and modified starches. 

Applications
Calcium Lignosulfonatecould work as a binder of powder and granular materials: for iron ore powder, lead and zinc powder, pulverized coal, coke Toner pressure on the ball; extrusion of cast iron, cast steel sand repression; mud-brick wall and floor tiles molding; mineral aggregate into a ball and provides high strength, good stability, lubrication and mold good results.
Calcium lignosulfonateused as a dispersant in products like fodder, disperse pesticides, dyes,leather tanning,carbon black, and other insoluble solids and liquids into water.

Lignosulfonates are commercially available as sodium and calcium salts and have been used by industry in a wide variety of applications. 
The usefulness of commercial lignosulfonate products comes from their dispersing, binding, complexing, and emulsifying properties. 
The additive calcium lignosulfonate as described in the Food Chemicals Codex has been used for a number of years in the food industry, serving, for example, as an emulsifier in animal feed, as raw material in the production of vanillin, and as a boiler water additive. 
The additive calcium lignosulfonate , evaluated by the 69th JECFA, is of higher purity than the calcium lignosulfonate described in the FCC, with a higher degree of polymerization and a lower content of sugars. 
The intended use of calcium lignosulfonate  is as a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins, carotenoids, and other functional ingredients. 
Calcium lignosulfonate  corresponds to the material on which the toxicological studies have been performed and evaluated by JECFA.

Description
Calcium lignosulfonate is an amorphous material derived from lignin. 
Calcium lignosulfonate is a light-yellow-brown powder that is soluble in water, but practically insoluble in organic solvents. 
The product exhibits a weightaverage molecular weight in the range of 40,000 to 65,000 with greater than 90% ranging from 1,000 to 250,000 .

Manufacturing process
Calcium lignosulfonate is produced from softwood in the sulfite pulping method for manufacturing paper. 
The wood chips are digested with acidic calcium bisulfite solution in large reaction vessels where they are processed through cooking cycles of 6 - 10 hours. 
The highest temperature during a cooking cycle is approximately 130°. 
In this process, bisulfite ions react with the native lignin polymer of the wood to form sulfonated lignin (i.e., lignosulfonate). 
This reaction increases the water-solubility of the hydrophobic lignin polymer. 
The calcium bisulfite provides the calcium ions that stabilise the anionic sulfonate groups in the lignosulfonates. 
After the completion of pulping, water-insoluble cellulose and soluble calcium lignosulfonate are separated by filtration.
The brownish filtrate, containing the lignosulfonates, will also contain residual amounts of sulfite salts and reducing-sugar monomers formed from wood cellulose during pulping. 
The pH of the filtrate is adjusted by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid. 
The water and sulfite (as sulfur dioxide) content are reduced by subsequent evaporation.
After the first evaporation step, the filtrate may be diluted with water before it is subjected to further purification by ultrafiltration at moderately elevated temperatures. 
Ultrafiltration is a liquid/liquid separation method whereby the filtrate is separated by molecular size through a semi-permeable membrane. 
The ultrafiltration step separates the high-molecular-weight lignosulfonate fraction from depolymerisation products, such as low-molecular-weight lignosulfonates, and reducing-sugar monomers. 
According to the sponsor, the use of other than softwood as a source material would not yield a product with the desirable high-molecular-weight distribution.
The purified calcium lignosulfonate from ultrafiltration may be pH-adjusted by the addition of dilute sulfuric acid. 
This solution is then evaporated at a temperature of 95-105° to a dry-matter content that is appropriate for spray-drying. 
The final product is spray-dried to the moisture content in accordance with the specification for Loss on drying and filled into containers suitable for holding food. 

Stability of calcium lignosulfonate
The sponsor provided stability data (pH of a 10% solution, molecular weight, % reducing sugars) for one lot of powdered calcium lignosulfonate  stored for 36 months in polyethylene containers and for one lot stored in closed aluminium-foil bags for 24 months. 
The results show that the powdered product was stable over the time of the tests. 
Weight-average molecular weight showed a variation of ± 6 %, within the expected variation of the method of analysis, and reducing sugar levels remained stable and were within the limit given in the specifications (<5.0 %).

Stability of calcium lignosulfonate in carotenoid preparations
The sponsor tested three batches of a calcium lignosulfonate -containing formulation with ß-carotene and a blank formulation, all prepared from a single lot of the additive, for stability over 48 weeks. 
Powdered samples were stored in closed aluminium-foil bags under normal (25°/60% relative humidity) and accelerated (40°/75% relative humidity) conditions. 
The formulations and blank also contained corn oil, corn starch, and glucose syrup. 
The content of calcium lignosulfonate  was determined by nitrosating the phenolic groups of the polymeric fraction of the additive and spectrophotometrically observing the absorbance at 440nm of the nitrosated products; ß-carotene was determined by HPLC. 

Stability of calcium lignosulfonate  in beverages
The sponsor also tested a ß-carotene/calcium lignosulfonate -containing product form for stability in a non-pasteurised, non-carbonated soft drink. The calcium lignosulfonate -based product form showed good physical stability over 3 months and performed equally to that of a product form based on fish gelatin.

Typical applications of Calcium Lignosulfonates:
Concrete
Plaster Board
Activated carbon
Carbon Black
Agglomeration
Chip Board
Ceramics
Resins PF
Soil stabilization
Tanning
Pigments
Pellet Binder
Corrugated Flute
Chemicals
Fertilizers
Dyestuff

Calcium lignosulfonate (Calcium lignosulphonate) is a multi-component polymer anionic surfactant, the appearance of a pale yellow to dark brown powder, slightly fragrant odor, a molecular weight generally between 800 and 10,000, with a very strong dispersion, adhesion, chelate. 
Usually spent cooking liquor from the pulping acid (or sulfite pulping), and spray drying. 
May contain up to 30% reducing sugars. Soluble in water but insoluble in any ordinary organic solvents.  1% aqueous solution having a pH value of about 3 to 11.

Main application:

1. Used as concrete admixture water reducer.
2. Used as binder in smelting industry.
3. Used as dispersant and binder in refractory areas.
4. Used in ceramic areas.
5. Used as adhesive in feed areas.
6. Used also in pesticide, fertilizer areas.

Application in fertilizer industry:
Recycling of waste paper pulp lignin has many active groups, can slow degradation in the soil, slow-release fertilizer suitable configuration.
Numerous studies show that the main reason for the low utilization rate of fertilizer adverse physical and chemical properties when chemical fertilizers. 
Common chemical fertilizers dissolve quickly, in case of thermal decomposition in the soil caused by soil component fixation losses due to surface runoff, erosion, underground infiltration, causing harm to the ecological environment pollution.
The rich source of calcium lignosulfonate, slow degradation in soil, no poison, no residue, can improve the overall fertility of the soil is conducive to fertilizer to increase production, reduce production costs.
Calcium lignosulfonate may be used for preparing slow-release fertilizer, which has slowly dissolved nitrogen, non-volatile, slow release, difficult leaching efficiency advantages. Calcium lignosulfonate on urease activity and nitrification and denitrification has a certain extent, can reduce volatilization of ammonia. Add 1.01% of calcium lignosulfonate in urea, and 19.4% of the sulfur wrapped into slow-release urea.

Calcium Lignosulfonate uses: Applications in industries such as plasticizers, concrete water reducer, ceramic additives, dispersing agent, binder, adhesive
Appearance: Light yellow powder
Solid substances: 94% Min
Specifications - Lignose: 55% Min, Water insoluble substance: 1% Max, pH: 5-6, Chloride: 0.5% Max, Reducible substance: 10% Max, Ash: 15% Max

Product Description
Calcium lignosulphonate is also called calcium lignosulfonate, calcium ligno sulphonate, calcium lignin sulfonate, MG, MG-1, MG-2, MG-3 , Lignosulphonate Ca, calcium ligno, calcium lignin, calcium lignosulphonate water reducer The calcium lignosulphonate products can be adopted as the water-coal paste additives, feed additives.In the oil drilling fields, Calcium lignosulphonate can be used as blocking agent, and improve the mud fluidity.Calcium lignosulphonate can also be used as embryo reinforcing agents in the fields of pottery and porcelain and refractory materials. Calcium lignosulphonate can increase the fluidity of the slurry and thus to improve the strength of the embryo.

Brief Introduction:

Main performance:
Water reducing agent of concrete Calcium lignosulphonate can reduce more than 8% water consumption, improve the workability and water of concrete, reduce the initial heat of hydration of cement.
Good binder of mine.In smelting industries, Calcium lignosulphonate can be mixed with mineral powder to be the mineral powder at last. 
As it dry into the kiln, it can improve the smelting recovery rate Additive of coal water slurry If you add calcium lignosulphonate in the process of producing coal water slurry, it can increase the output of the mill, maintain the normallization of the system, reduce the power consumption, and improve the thickness of coal water slurry. 
In the process of gasification, it also can reduce oxygen and coal consumption, improve the efficiency of cooled coal gas and reduce the viscosity of coal water slurry to a certain extent so as to make it advantageous to reserve and transport.
Filler and dispersant of pesticide Calcium lignosulphonate can be used in the production of deflocculant ,dispersant and bulking agent of pesticide to improve the suspensibility and wettability of wettable powder.
Reinforcing agent of refractory material and ceramics Usually, calcium lignosulphonate can make ceramic atom hard felted to build up the intensity of ceramics in the manufacturing process of wall brick and firebrick when the temperature is under 400 degree centigrade, and also can disappear automatically if the temperature is between 400 and 500 degree centigrade. 
When its volume is 0.2%-0.8% of the dry adobe material, the intensity of ceramics adobe can increase more than 20%-60%. 
But in the manufacturing process, the speed of temperature elevation can't be too fast in order to avoid spumescence of surface.
Adhesive of feed Calcium lignosulphonate can increase the animals' eating habits. Granule strength is good. 
It has a significant effect for reducing the number of micro powder of the feed. So it can save the cost.
Calcium lignosulphonate can also used in leather industries, textile, fertilizer.

Lignin sulfonate may be used in organic crop production as a plant or soil amendment (dust suppressant, chelating agent) and a floatation agent for postharvest handling of products (e.g., pears). 
Chelating agents are large, organic molecules that are used to envelop highly-reactive trace metal ions. 
The purpose of chelates is to incorporate metal ions into a soluble but bound form that is capable of supplying nutrients to plants. 
As the chelate breaks down, the metal ion micronutrients are slowly released into the soil in a bioavailable form that may be taken up by the plant.

Lignin sulfonates have also been investigated for their potential as chelating agents for the complexation of metal ions, including copper, magnesium, and mercury, for the purpose of environmental remediation.
Garcia-Valls et al. (2001) cited the biodegradability and relatively inexpensive nature of the lignin sulfonates as factors supporting their use in remediation. 
Lignin sulfonates have also been used in bioremediation at dairy operation facilities and meat and seafood canneries. 
Lignin sulfonates were applied to waste streams at the facilities to help remove dairy and seafood waste. 
The lignin sulfonates formed complexes with the waste materials, which then precipitated out of wash solutions. 
This process allowed for diversion of some food waste from waterways. 

SYNONYMS
LIGNOSULFONIC ACID, CA
LIGNOSULFONIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT
CALCIUM LIGNOSULFONATE
calciumligninsulphonate
ligninsulfonicacid,calcium
ligninsulfonicacid,calciumsalt
Calcium lignosulphonate
Ligninesulfonicacidcalciumsalt
CELLULOSE SULPHITE
LIGNOSULPHONICACID,CALCIUMSALT
CLS(calcium lignosulfonate)
calcium lignosulphonatem lignosulphonate
calcium lignosulohonate
calcium lignosulohonatelignosulohonate
3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate
calcium lignin salfonate
alciuM lignosulfonate
Calcium Ligninsulfonate
Lignosulfonic acid calcium salt, MW ≈ 18,000
Calcium 3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]-1-propanesulfonate
Lignosulfonic acid calciuM salt average Mw ~18,000, average Mn ~2,500
LIGNOSULFONIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT ISO 9001：2015 REACH

IUPAC NAMES
Calcium 3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate
Calcium Ligno Sulphonate = Ca Lignin
CALCIUM LIGNOSULFONATE
Calcium lignosulfonate
calcium lignosulfonate
calcium;3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate
Calicumligninsulfonate
Lignosulfonic acid, calcium salt