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CALCIUM PETROLEUM SULPHONATE TBN 400

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a highly alkaline liquid with detergent properties.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is compatible with most mineral base oils, white oils, and synthetic base stocks.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is highly alkaline, so it neutralizes acidic material and combustion by-products, thus increasing corrosion resistance and increasing oil life.

CAS Number: 70024-69-0
Molecular Formula: C52H90CaO6S2
Molecular Weight: 915.4754
EINECS Number: 274-263-7

Synonyms: Benzenesulfonic acid, mono-C16-24-alkyl derivs., calcium salts, 70024-69-0, (C16-C24)Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, calcium salt, 274-263-7, Benzenesulfonic acid, mono, C16-24-alkyl derivs, calcium salts, DTXSID3028972, EC 274-263-7, EINECS 274-263-7, Benzenesulfonic acid, mono-C16-24-alkyl derivs., calcium salts, (C16-24)Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, calcium salt, (C16-24)Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid,calcium salt

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a specialized calcium salt of petroleum sulfonates that is widely used as a detergent and dispersant additive in lubricating oils, engine oils, and industrial greases, where it plays a crucial role in maintaining engine cleanliness and performance by neutralizing acidic contaminants and preventing deposit formation inside the engine.
The term “TBN 400” refers to its Total Base Number (TBN), which is a measure of the additive’s alkalinity or basicity, indicating its capacity to neutralize acids formed during the combustion process; a TBN of 400 signifies a very high alkalinity, making this compound particularly effective in protecting engines that operate under severe conditions and produce significant acidic byproducts.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is used with other additives to formulate supercharged diesel and gasoline engine oils.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 provides base for neutralizing corrosive acids and detergency for deposit control in engines operating under high temperature.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a highly alkaline detergent and corrosion inhibitor additive.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate is synthesized by reacting petroleum sulfonates with calcium compounds, resulting in a complex molecule that combines detergency and dispersancy properties with acid-neutralizing capacity.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 petroleum sulfonate component enables it to disperse sludge, varnish, and soot particles suspended in the oil, preventing these contaminants from agglomerating and depositing on engine parts, while the calcium base neutralizes acidic compounds such as sulfuric and nitric acids that are produced during fuel combustion and oil oxidation.
This dual action helps to reduce engine wear, corrosion, and fouling, thereby extending engine life and maintaining optimal lubrication performance.

HybaseÆ C-400-HS a 400 TBN oil soluble overbased calcium sulfonate with a high soap content.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a typically used as a detergent and rust inhibitor in crankcase lubricants.
It is designed for good compatibility with other detergent types, such as calcium phenate.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is compatible with most mineral base oils, white oils, and synthetic base stocks.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a highly alkaline calcium salt detergent additive derived from petroleum sulfonates, designed to provide excellent acid neutralization, deposit dispersion, and corrosion inhibition in heavy-duty lubricants and industrial oils.
Its elevated TBN rating of 400 indicates strong acid-neutralizing power, making it indispensable for extending oil life and protecting engines in severe and demanding operational environments where sulfur content in fuels and other acidic contaminants are high.

Due to its high alkalinity and strong dispersant-detergent action, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a key additive in heavy-duty diesel engine oils, marine lubricants, and industrial gear oils designed for harsh operating environments.
These environments typically involve elevated temperatures, high pressures, and contamination from fuel combustion byproducts such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, all of which contribute to oil degradation and engine wear if not properly managed.
The additive’s high TBN ensures that the oil remains effective in neutralizing acids over extended use periods, thereby prolonging the oil's functional life and reducing maintenance frequency.

Boiling point: 1042.61℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 0.936[at 20℃]
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Viscosity: 77.4mm2/s
Water Solubility: 0.065ng/L at 25℃
LogP: 22.12 at 25℃

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is a complex calcium salt formed by the neutralization of petroleum sulfonic acids with calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide, where the petroleum sulfonic acids themselves are derived from the sulfonation of aromatic hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum refining processes.
The manufacturing process involves careful control of reaction conditions to produce a stable, highly alkaline detergent additive that contains both polar sulfonate groups capable of interacting with deposits and metallic surfaces, and calcium ions that impart strong acid-neutralizing capabilities.
This carefully balanced chemical structure gives the molecule both detergent properties, enabling it to emulsify and disperse insoluble contaminants, and basicity to neutralize corrosive acids formed during combustion and oil oxidation.

The designation “TBN 400” highlights that this calcium petroleum sulphonate has an exceptionally high alkalinity level, which means it can neutralize a large quantity of acidic contaminants over the service life of the lubricant.
This high neutralizing capacity is essential for engines that face extreme operating conditions, such as high temperatures, heavy loads, and extended drain intervals, because it helps maintain the chemical stability of the oil and prevents premature oil degradation and engine corrosion.

Besides neutralizing acids and dispersing deposits, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 also contributes to improved oxidation stability of lubricants by interacting synergistically with other additives like antioxidants and anti-wear agents, thus enhancing the overall performance and longevity of the lubricant formulation.
Furthermore, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 helps in maintaining the viscosity and film strength of the oil, ensuring consistent lubrication and protection of engine components even under challenging conditions.

When incorporated into lubricating oils, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 acts through multiple mechanisms to protect engines and machinery.
Firstly, its detergent function involves the adsorption of sulfonate groups onto surfaces and particulates such as soot, sludge, and varnish precursors, helping to keep these contaminants finely dispersed within the oil rather than allowing them to aggregate and deposit on critical engine components such as piston rings, cylinder walls, and valves.
Secondly, its alkaline nature, quantified by its high Total Base Number (TBN), allows it to neutralize acidic compounds generated from the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels and from oil oxidation reactions, thus preventing acid-induced corrosion and wear on engine parts.

This dual functionality is especially critical in heavy-duty diesel engines, where the presence of sulfur and extended oil drain intervals increase the risk of acid buildup and deposit formation.
Due to its unique chemical composition and high Total Base Number, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is primarily incorporated into formulations of heavy-duty diesel engine oils, automotive lubricants, and industrial oils that require superior acid-neutralizing capabilities and deposit control under harsh operating conditions.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is especially valued in environments where engines operate with high sulfur fuels, which generate more acidic byproducts that can rapidly degrade oil quality and cause corrosion if left unchecked.
In addition to its role in engine oils, this additive is also used in greases and metalworking fluids to maintain cleanliness and protect metal surfaces from acidic attack, thereby enhancing the durability and efficiency of machinery in industrial settings.

Uses Of Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400:
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is one of the main detergent additives for internal combustion engine oil, which has excellent high temperature cleanliness and thermal stability.
With the continuous development of marine engine technology to high strength and the application of high sulfur fuel, the alkali value of marine cylinder oil is required to be higher and higher, and the clean dispersion agent is put forward higher requirements.

Ultra-high alkali value Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 has excellent alkaline reserve, is a kind of oil-soluble additive, has strong acid neutralization ability, can neutralize organic acid and inorganic acid in oil products in time, so as to slow down the decay of oil products and prolong the service life of oil products.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is the best agent for modulating high alkali value marine cylinder oil.
At present, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is mainly used to modulate 70 × 100 mgKOH/g base value marine cylinder oil.

For the modulation of high alkaline marine cylinder oil, the synthesis of calcium sulfonate with TBN value of 400 mgKOH/g is more economical than that of medium and high base value.
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is predominantly used as a detergent and acid-neutralizing additive in heavy-duty diesel engine oils, where it plays a vital role in maintaining engine cleanliness by dispersing combustion byproducts such as soot, sludge, and varnish, which otherwise tend to accumulate on piston rings, cylinder liners, and valve surfaces, leading to increased wear and reduced engine efficiency.

Because diesel fuels often contain higher sulfur levels, which generate corrosive acids during combustion, the high alkalinity Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 of this additive is crucial for neutralizing these acids, thereby preventing metal corrosion and extending both engine life and oil drain intervals under severe operating conditions.
In marine engine oils and industrial lubricants used in large-scale power generation, mining equipment, and heavy machinery, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is incorporated to protect metal surfaces against acid attack and deposits caused by high-temperature oxidation and contamination from fuel impurities.

Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 detergent properties ensure that sludge and insoluble residues remain suspended within the oil and do not settle or adhere to critical components, thus maintaining smooth operation and reducing maintenance downtime in environments where equipment operates continuously for extended periods under high stress.
Beyond engine oils, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is also utilized as an additive in industrial greases and metalworking fluids, where its ability to neutralize acids and keep metal surfaces clean helps prevent corrosion and wear during metal fabrication, cutting, or forming processes.

This function is essential to preserving tool life and ensuring the quality of finished metal products by reducing rust formation and maintaining lubrication even under heavy loads and exposure to moisture or contaminants.
Because modern engines and machinery often operate for longer periods between oil changes, formulations containing Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 are designed to provide prolonged acid-neutralizing capacity and deposit control, thereby maintaining lubricant effectiveness over extended drain intervals.

This use is especially important in commercial fleets and industrial applications, where reducing downtime and maintenance costs is a high priority, and the additive’s role in maintaining oil cleanliness directly contributes to improved fuel economy and reduced emissions.
In lubricant formulations, Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is rarely used alone but is a key component of complex additive packages that include antioxidants, anti-wear agents, friction modifiers, and viscosity improvers, with which it interacts synergistically to enhance overall lubricant performance.

This synergistic action helps improve the oil’s resistance to oxidation and thermal breakdown, maintain viscosity under varying temperature conditions, and protect engine components from mechanical wear and corrosive damage simultaneously.
By effectively controlling deposits and neutralizing harmful acids, lubricants containing Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 help engines meet increasingly stringent emission regulations and fuel efficiency standards set by regulatory bodies worldwide.
The additive supports cleaner combustion by maintaining injector cleanliness and optimal engine function, which in turn reduces particulate emissions and prolongs catalytic converter life, making it an essential ingredient in modern formulations designed for environmental sustainability.

Safety Profile Of Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400:
Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400, like many petroleum-derived chemical additives, can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon direct contact, especially in its concentrated form or during handling of powders and liquid concentrates.
Prolonged or repeated skin exposure may lead to dermatitis or redness, while accidental splashes into the eyes can cause pain, redness, and inflammation, requiring immediate flushing and medical attention.
Furthermore, inhalation of vapors, aerosols, or dust generated during manufacturing or blending processes may irritate the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, or throat discomfort, particularly in inadequately ventilated work environments.

While Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 itself is not typically classified as highly toxic, its petroleum-based origin means it may contain trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or other impurities that pose toxicological concerns.
These substances have the potential to cause harmful effects if ingested, inhaled in large quantities, or absorbed through the skin over extended periods.
Additionally, improper disposal or accidental release into the environment can lead to soil and water contamination, as calcium sulfonates tend to be moderately persistent in aquatic ecosystems, where they may exert toxic effects on fish, aquatic invertebrates, and microorganisms, potentially disrupting ecological balance.

Although Calcium Petroleum Sulphonate TBN 400 is not inherently flammable, it is often formulated and stored in hydrocarbon-based solvents or oils, which are flammable and combustible, posing fire risks during handling, storage, and transport.
In addition, vapors or mists generated during heating or processing can form explosive mixtures with air, especially in confined or poorly ventilated spaces.
Therefore, strict adherence to fire safety protocols, including grounding, use of explosion-proof equipment, and control of ignition sources, is critical in facilities dealing with this additive.