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CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000
CAS Number: 25322-68-3
EC Number: 203-473-3
MDL Number: MFCD00081839
Molecular Formula: H(OCH2CH2)nOH
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is PEG-150-based plasticizer and mold release agent.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a polymer of ethylene oxide and water, obtained upon condensation.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a condensation polymer of ethylene oxide and water.
PEGs are susceptible to oxidative degradation in the presence of air.
Minimizing the exposure of PEG to elevated temperatures and/or exposure to oxygen, or addition of an antioxidant can limit the amount of degradation.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 do not hydrolyze or deteriorate upon storage.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 do not support the growth of moulds.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is incompatible with phenol and may reduce the antimicrobial action of other preservatives.
Both penicillin and bacitracin are rapidly inactivated by CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also incompatible with sorbitol, tannic acid and salicylic acid and may affect the integrity of plastics.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is soluble in water (approximately 630 mg/ml, 20°C).
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 are also soluble in many polar solvents such as acetone, alcohols and chlorinated solvents.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 are insoluble in nonpolar solvents such as hydrocarbons.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 are stable at room temperatures.
The CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 bonds are not hydrolyzed under these conditions.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 can be dissolved in warm water at 80-90°C with no adverse effects.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
The structure of CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 produces a faintly sweet, clear, and colorless viscous liquid that is soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is white granular.
Soluble in water, soluble in some organic solvents.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 has high viscosity at low concentration, and can be processed by calendering, extrusion, casting, etc.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a thermoplastic resin with good compatibility with other resins.
Resistant to bacterial erosion, moisture absorption in the atmosphere is weak.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a mixture of ethylene oxide and water polycondensation.
The molecular formula is expressed as ho(ch2ch2o)nh, where n represents the average number of oxyethylene groups.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a colorless or almost colorless viscous liquid, or a translucent waxy soft object; Slightly odorless.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is soluble in water or ethanol, insoluble in ether.
The freezing point of CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 (General rule 0613) is 33~38°C.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
Clear colorless viscous liquid
Synthetic, hydrophilic, biocompatible polymer with widespread use in biomedical and other applications.
Maintains the ability to aid the spinal cord injury recovery process, helping the nerve impulse conduction process in animals.
Helps with nerve damage recovery.
Liquid and solid polymers of the general formula H(OCH2CH2)nOH, where n is greater than or equal to 4.
Clear, viscous liquids or white solids which dissolve in water forming transparent solns.
Sol in many organic solvents.
Readily sol in aromatic hydrocarbons.
Only slightly sol in aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Do not hydrolyze or deteriorate on storage, will not support mold growth.
Solvent action on some plastics.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 are made from ethylene oxide by polymerization in thousands of tons per year.
The molecular weight of PEGs ranges from 300 to 60.000 Da.
PEGs are “linear by nature” but branched PEGs have been synthesized using suitable polyols as starters.
Pharmaceutical grade PEGs are used as formulation additives for drug delivery or for PEGylation of biologics.
Predominantly, maleimide, aldehyde or NHS ester are used as active groups in activated PEGs.
PEGs for PEGylation are typically activated on one end of the chain (so-called mPEGs).
PEGs for crosslinking or multimerization are bi or multi-activated.
These PEGs are used in conjugate pharmaceuticals such as antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) or in medicinal products, e.g., hydrogels for the incorporation of living cells, among others.
Addition polymers of ethylene oxide and water usually designated by a number roughly corresponding to the molecular weight.
PEG's below 700 molecular weight occur as clear to slightly hazy,
colourless, slightly hygroscopic liquids with a slight characteristic odour.
PEG's between 700-900 are semi-solid. PEG's over 1000 molecular weight are creamy white waxy solids, flakes, or free-flowing powders.
USES and APPLICATIONS of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.
These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era.
Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air.
The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes.
The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a component of the propellent used in UGM-133M Trident II Missiles, in service with the United States Navy.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 can be modified and crosslinked into a hydrogel and used to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment for cell encapsulation and studies.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization.
X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas.
César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler originated this technique, which they used for antibody production, winning a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984.
-Polymer segments derived from CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions.
-In microbiology, CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 precipitation is used to concentrate viruses.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro.
-In blood banking, CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.
-When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol.
-In biophysics, CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin).
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used in a number of toothpastes as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.
-In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 ), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks.
-A nitrate ester-plasticized CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.
-Dimethyl ethers of CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the syngas stream.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes.
Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 was used as an additive to silver halide photographic emulsions.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is the main ingredient in the paint (known as "fill") in paintballs.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. (Not to be confused with propylene glycol.)
-Pharmaceutical-grade CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms.
PEG is the basis of a number of laxatives (as MiraLax).
Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used in medicines for treating disimpaction and maintenance therapy for children with constipation.
When attached to various protein medications or drug carriers, CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 of suitable length slows down their clearance from the blood.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used as an excipient in both the Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Both RNA vaccines consist of messenger RNA, or mRNA, encased in a bubble of oily molecules called lipids.
-The remains of the 16th century carrack Mary Rose undergoing conservation treatment with CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 in the 1980s.
-Because CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a hydrophilic molecule, CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used in a variety of products.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.
-Since CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres).
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is frequently used to preserve waterlogged wood and other organic artifacts that have been salvaged from underwater archaeological contexts, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm, and similar cases.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 has been used in the precipitation of proteins.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is also used as a fusogen to obtain hybridomas for monoclonal antibody production (Induces cell hybridization).
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is suitable for applications in the molecular biology, special if high purity is required.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used as a fusogen to obtain hybridomas for monoclonal antibody production.
-Induces cell hybridization.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used in detergents, emulsifying agents, soaps, metal costing process, pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetics.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is commonly used as a lubricant.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000's application is also observed in chromatographic stationary phases.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 prevents crystal formation in emulsions.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 can be used for pharmaceuticals.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 having a relatively low molecular weight can be used as a solvent, a solubilizing agent, an o/w type emulsifier and a stabilizer, and is used for preparing a cement suspension, an emulsion, an injection, etc., and as a water-soluble ointment base and a suppository base.
-Solid waxy CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 with high relative molecular weight is often used to increase the viscosity and solidity of low molecular weight liquid PEG, as well as externally compensated other drugs; for drugs that are not easily soluble in water, this product can be used as a carrier for solid dispersant to achieve.
-For solid dispersion purposes, PEG4000, CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 are good coating materials, hydrophilic polishing materials, membranes and capsules, plasticizers, lubricants and dropping pills matrix for the preparation of tablets, pills, capsules, microcapsules. Wait.
-PEG4000 and CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 are used as excipients in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of suppositories and ointments; as a finishing agent in the paper industry, to increase the gloss and smoothness of paper; as an additive in the rubber industry, to increase the lubrication and plasticity of rubber products, reduce power consumption during processing, and extend the service life of rubber products.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used in pressure sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 possesses lubricity and humectant properties.
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 maintains wet-tack strength.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 that provides enhanced solvency, lubricity, hygroscopicity and other important functional properties in a wide range of formulations.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used in pressure sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
-Wood treatment, Agriculture, Solubilizing agent in liquid detergents
-Acts as a base/carrier in silver polish
-Antistat and conditioner in leather and vinyl care
-Adhesives, Antistatic agent and humectant, Chemical intermediates, Inks and dye carrier, Lubricants, Mold release agent, Plasticizer
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used for such diverse purposes as viral / phage enrichment, plant protoplast fusion, or fractionated protein precipitation.
In addition, the ligation efficiency can be increased by macromolecular crowding, that is, a concentration of molecules in solution.
The stock solution used was a 40% PEG 6000 solution.
-Pharmaceutic aid (ointment and suppository base; tablet excipient).
-As water-soluble lubricants for rubber molds, textile fibers, and metal-forming operations.
-In food and food packaging.
-In hair prepns, in cosmetics in general.
-As a stationary phase in gas chromatography.
-Also in water paints, paper coatings, polishes and in the ceramics industry.
-Used in the preparation of vesicle transport systems for diagnostic procedures or drug delivery methods.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 that provides enhanced solvency, lubricity, hygroscopicity and other important functional properties in a wide range of formulations.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 provides multiple benefits in the tableting process as binders, and provide internal and external lubrication.
-Also functiona as plasticizers for tablet coatings, and are found in spray-on medications and sustained-release devices.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a food additive.
-Used as water-soluble lubricants for rubber molds, textiles, metalworking, and ceramics production.
-Used in food packaging, water-based paints, polishes, paper coatings, ointments, suppositories, dispersing agents, and chemical intermediates.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
-Suitable for medicine, fertilizer, paper, ceramics, detergents, cosmetics, heat treatment, water treatment, fire, oil exploitation and other industries.
-As a papermaking additive, the retention rate of the filler and the fine fiber can be improved, and the dispersant is particularly suitable for the long fiber, and the beating time can be shortened.
-Used as PVC lubricant, masterbatch additive, textile softener, pigment dispersant, etc.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is used as a solvent for food colors and flavors, as a humectant food additive, as a cooling agent for beer and wine, and as an emulsifier in orange bitters.
-CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is approved to use as food additive (E1521) in EU.
FUNCTIONS of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
-Colorant:
Pigments or dyes that are added in order to change or enhance the color.
-Emulsifier:
Allows water and oils to remain mixed together to form an emulsion.
-Flavor / Flavoring / Flavor Enhancer:
Provides or enhances a particular taste or smell.
-Humectant:
Binds with water to increase skin hydration.
Also enhances water absorption of the skin.
BENEFITS of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
-Completely soluble in water
-Molecularly stable and non-volatile
-Excellent hygroscopicity
-Low toxicity
-High lubricity and solvency
STRUCTURES of ACTIVATED PEGs:
PEGs are used in numerous applications ranging from as additives for concrete to excipients for pharmaceuticals.
The broad spectrum of opportunities also reflects the structural variability of activated PEGs.
As mentioned, many activated PEGs contain one active group but other functional PEGs, containing two or even more active groups, have been developed and are in use as well.
Such homo and heterofunctional, multi-activated PEGs have been developed as crosslinker between two or more proteins or between proteins and small-molecules.
Possible applications for such multi-activated PEGs are the construction of protein multimers and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), among others.
AVAILABLE FORMS and NOMENCLATURE of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
PEG, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide.
The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry.
Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG has tended to refer to oligomers and polymers with a molecular mass below 20,000 g/mol, PEO to polymers with a molecular mass above 20,000 g/mol, and POE to a polymer of any molecular mass.
PEGs are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of molecular weights from 300 g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol.
PEG and PEO are liquids or low-melting solids, depending on their molecular weights.
While PEG and PEO with different molecular weights find use in different applications, and have different physical properties (e.g. viscosity) due to chain length effects, their chemical properties are nearly identical.
Different forms of PEG are also available, depending on the initiator used for the polymerization process – the most common initiator is a monofunctional methyl ether PEG, or methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), abbreviated mPEG.
Lower-molecular-weight PEGs are also available as purer oligomers, referred to as monodisperse, uniform, or discrete.
Very high-purity PEG has recently been shown to be crystalline, allowing determination of a crystal structure by x-ray crystallography.
Since purification and separation of pure oligomers is difficult, the price for this type of quality is often 10–1000 fold that of polydisperse PEG.
PEGs are also available with different geometries.
Branched PEGs have three to ten PEG chains emanating from a central core group.
Star PEGs have 10 to 100 PEG chains emanating from a central core group.
Comb PEGs have multiple PEG chains normally grafted onto a polymer backbone.
The numbers that are often included in the names of PEGs indicate their average molecular weights (e.g. a PEG with n = 9 would have an average molecular weight of approximately 400 daltons, and would be labeled PEG 400).
Most PEGs include molecules with a distribution of molecular weights (i.e. they are polydisperse).
The size distribution can be characterized statistically by its weight average molecular weight (Mw) and its number average molecular weight (Mn), the ratio of which is called the polydispersity index (ĐM). Mw and Mn can be measured by mass spectrometry.
PEGylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, which is then referred to as a PEGylated protein.
PEGylated interferon alfa-2a or alfa-2b are commonly used injectable treatments for hepatitis C infection.
PEG is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble in diethyl ether and hexane.
It is coupled to hydrophobic molecules to produce non-ionic surfactants.
PEGs potentially contain toxic impurities, such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane.
Ethylene glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin.
PEG and related polymers (PEG phospholipid constructs) are often sonicated when used in biomedical applications.
However, PEG is very sensitive to sonolytic degradation and PEG degradation products can be toxic to mammalian cells.
It is, thus, imperative to assess potential PEG degradation to ensure that the final material does not contain undocumented contaminants that can introduce artifacts into experimental results.
PEGs and methoxypolyethylene glycols are manufactured by Dow Chemical under the trade name Carbowax for industrial use, and Carbowax Sentry for food and pharmaceutical use.
They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, as indicated by a number following the name.
They are used commercially in numerous applications, including foods, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutics, in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, as solvents, in ointments, in suppository bases, as tablet excipients, and as laxatives.
Some specific groups are lauromacrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols, and poloxamers.
Macrogol, MiraLax, GoLytely, Colace used as a laxative, is a form of polyethylene glycol.
The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight (e.g. macrogol 3350, macrogol 4000 or macrogol 6000).
PRODUCTION of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers.
The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts.
Ethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferable as a starting material instead of water, because they allow the creation of polymers with a low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution).
Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants.
HOCH2CH2OH + n(CH2CH2O) → HO(CH2CH2O)n+1H
Depending on the catalyst type, the mechanism of polymerization can be cationic or anionic.
The anionic mechanism is preferable because it allows one to obtain PEG with a low polydispersity.
Polymerization of ethylene oxide is an exothermic process.
Overheating or contaminating ethylene oxide with catalysts such as alkalis or metal oxides can lead to runaway polymerization, which can end in an explosion after a few hours.
Polyethylene oxide, or high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol, is synthesized by suspension polymerization.
It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution in the course of the polycondensation process.
The reaction is catalyzed by magnesium-, aluminium-, or calcium-organoelement compounds.
To prevent coagulation of polymer chains from solution, chelating additives such as dimethylglyoxime are used.
Alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are used to prepare low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol.
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 100 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 305 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 20 °C
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Appearance (Colour): White
Appearance (Form): Flakes/Powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution: Clear
Solubility (Colour) 10% aq. solution: Colourless
pH (5% aq. solution): 4.5 - 7.5
Melting Point: 60 - 63°C
Viscosity (25%aq, 20°C): ~ 20 cS
Average Molecular weight: 5000 - 7000
Range of Avg. Molecular Weight: 3015 - 3685
Range of Average Hydroxyl Number, mg KOH/g: 30 - 38
Density, g/cm3: @ 60°C 1.0926
Melting or Freezing Range: C 53 - 57
Solubility in Water at 20°C: % by wt 67
Viscosity at 100°C, cSt: 90.8
Average Number of Repeating Oxyethylene Units: 75.7
Avg. Liquid Specific Heat, cal/g/°C: 0.51
Heat of Fusion, Cal/g: 39
pH at 25°C, 5% Aqueous Solution: 4.5 - 7.5
Flash Point, Pensky Martens Closed Cup, C: 246
Flash Point, Cleveland Open Cup, °C: 279
Weight per gallon, lbs/gal @ 80°C (molten) 8.99
FIRST AID MEASURES of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
*Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material (e.g. Chemizorb® ).
Dispose of properly. Clean up affected area.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of Regulation (EU) 2016/425 and the standard EN 374 derived from it.
Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
data source: KCL GmbH, D-36124 Eichenzell, phone +49 (0)6659 87300, e-mail
sales@kcl.de, test method: EN374
If used in solution, or mixed with other substances, and under conditions which differ from EN 374, contact the supplier of the EC approved gloves.
This recommendation is advisory only and must be evaluated by an industrial hygienist and safety officer familiar with the specific situation of anticipated use by our customers.
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
-Respiratory protection:
Not required; except in case of aerosol formation.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature
2 - 8 °C
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids
-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CARBOWAX POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000:
-Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
SYNONYMS:
PEG 300
Sinopol PEG 6000
Polyoxyethylene Glycol Ether (PEG 3350)
POLY(OXY-1, 2-ETHANEDIYL), . ALPHA.- HYDRO-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-
Ethylene Oxide Homopolymer, Ethylene Glycol Homopolymer,
Oligoethylene Glycol, Polyoxyethylene Ether,
Ethylene oxide, homopolymer
Polyethylene Oxide
1,2-Ethanediol homopolymer
Sinopol Peg-3350
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-
PEG 8000
Ethylene glycol polymer
Oligoethylene Glycol
CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycol 8000 Molten
Polyethylenoglycol 1450
Ethylene Glycol, Homopolymer
Polyethylene Glycol Beads
Peg 1500
Sinopol Peg-4000
PEG 200
Polyethylene Glycol 300
PEG400
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-
Polyethylene Glycol
Polyoxyethylene Glycol Ether 4000
Polyethylenoglycol 6000
Polyethylene Glycol 1450 USP/NF
PEG-1450
Polyoxyethylene Ether
Ultra Peg 1450
Polyoxyethylene Glycol Ether
Polyglycol 1450
Ethylene oxide polymer
3WJQ0SDW1A
G2M7P15E5P
1212Z7S33A
4R4HFI6D95
5655G9Y8AQ
762678AC5R
FVS1AZD90Y
OJ4Z5Z32L4
Q0JET65GEL
Q662QK8M3B
TVH7653921
U076Q6Q621
UEP843BRCQ
UH6KR4953D
30IQX730WE
NL4J9F21N9
5IRA46LB71
5WKN5KL2O8
SA1B764746
11628IH70O
3H4G04L531
HAF0412YIT
5246R0812J
761NX2Q08Y
77HY82S0LG
G3MS6M810Y
H57W405143
R0XY39567G
V146K8QJ07
VM53EE110J
2126FD486L
RU64142H6P
5K3991GVWI
HZ58M6D839
439X29GCJZ
4QIB4U4CQR
16P9295IIL
3IG9032SAH
8EIY1IHX76
RVV61677RZ
V46Y6OJ5QB
X83H03O8BZ
74D3A2BP47
9XH9HVO466
7Z3ER739EB
U95VVU3IDQ
Y4QO2MSY3X
B697894SGQ
ZBR3T82M2V
2L7WA456VA
TU0XPZ7FZT
25322-68-3
Lutrol E
Polyglycol E 300, E 400, E 1450, E 8000
UNII-11628IH70O
UNII-3H4G04L531
UNII-HAF0412YIT
UNII-5246R0812J
UNII-761NX2Q08YUNII-77HY82S0LG
UNII-G3MS6M810Y
UNII-H57W405143
UNII-R0XY39567G
UNII-V146K8QJ07
UNII-VM53EE110J
UNII-SA1B764746
UNII-HZ58M6D839UNII-5WKN5KL2O8
UNII-2126FD486L
UNII-RU64142H6P
UNII-5K3991GVWI
UNII-439X29GCJZ
UNII-4QIB4U4CQR
PEG 1000
PEG-1000
PEG 1500
PEG-1500
Carbowax 1540
PEG 1540
PEG-1540
PEG 200
PEG-200
PEG 300
PEG-300
PEG-3350
PEG 3500
PEG-3500
PEG-4000
PEG 4500
PEG-4500
PEG 800
PEG-800
Carbowax 8000
PEG 8o00
PEG-8000
PEG 900
PEG-900
UNII-5IRA46LB71
UNII-3WJQ0SDW1A
UNII-G2M7P15E5P
UNII-1212Z7S33A
UNII-4R4HFI6D95
UNII-5655G9Y8AQ
UNII-762678AC5R
UNII-FVS1AZD90Y
UNII-OJ4Z5Z32L4
UNII-Q0JET65GEL
UNII-Q662QK8M3B
UNII-TVH7653921
UNII-U076Q6Q621
UNII-UEP843BRCQ
UNII-UH6KR4953D
Carbowax 4000
Carbowax 4500
Alkox E 100
Alkox E 130
Alkox E 160
Breox 2000
Breox 20M
Carbowax 4600
Carbowax 600
Antarox E 4000
Carbowax 400
Alkox E 45
Alkox E 240
Alkox E 60
Polyethylene glycol 1000
Polyethylene glycol 1450
Polyethylene glycol 1500
Polyethylene glycol 1540
Polyethylene glycol 200
Polyethylene glycol 300
Polyethylene glycol 3350
Polyethylene glycol 3500
Polyethylene glycol 400
Polyethylene glycol 4000
Polyethylene glycol 4500
Polyethylene glycol 7000
Polyethylene glycol 800
Polyethylene glycol 8000
Polyethylene glycol 900
CAFO 154
BDH 301
Breox 4000
Breox PEG 300
Breox 550
Gavilax
UNII-30IQX730WE
UNII-NL4J9F21N9
Carbowax 100
Badimol
Aquacide III
Carbowax 20000
Carbowax 200
Carbowax 25000
Carbowax 300
Carbowax 3350
Alkox E 75
Alkox R 1000
Alkox R 15
Alkox R 150
Alkox R 400
Alkox SR
Oxyethylene polymer
PEG
PEG 400
PEG 6000DS
Pluracol E
Pluracol E 400, E 600, E 1450
Pluriol E 200
Poly-G
Poly-G600
Modopeg
Nosilen
NSC 152324
Nycoline
Oxide Wax AN
alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)
Lutrol
Macrogol
Merpol OJ
Polyethylene glycol [NF]
Polyethylene glycol 6000
Polyethylene oxide
UNII-RVV61677RZ
Atpeg 4000
Sentry polyox WSR
UNII-8EIY1IHX76
UNII-16P9295IIL
UNII-3IG9032SAH
UNII-X83H03O8BZ
UNII-74D3A2BP47
EINECS 266-688-1
Forlax
UNII-9XH9HVO466
Macrogol 3350
UNII-V46Y6OJ5QB
1,2-Ethanediol homopolymer
Ethoxylated 1,2-ethanediol
Ethylene glycol homopolymer
Ethylene glycol polymer
Gafanol E 200
Polyethylene glycol
Polyox wsr-N 60
Glycols, polyethylene
Colyte
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-
WSR-301
Alcox E 30
Aquaffin
Atpeg 300
Bradsyn PEG
Carbowax
Carbowax Sentry
CCRIS 979
DD 3002
Deactivator H
Emkapol 4200
HM 500
HSDB 5159
Ethanol, 2,2'-(oxybis(2,1-ethanediyloxy)bis-
alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
Carbowax 1500
Carbowax 20
Polyoxyethylene ether
Carbowax 1000
Carbowax 1350
Carbowax 14000
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl, alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-
Miralax
PEG 3350
PEG 4000
Macrogol [INN]
UNII-7Z3ER739EB
UNII-U95VVU3IDQ
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy- ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
EC 500-038-2
UNII-Y4QO2MSY3X
Macrogol [BAN:JAN]
Polyethylene Glycols
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
Lanogene C
Ethylene oxide polymer
Clearlax
UNII-2L7WA456VA
UNII-TU0XPZ7FZT
UNII-ZBR3T82M2V
UNII-B697894SGQ
Macrogol 300
Macrogol 6000
PEG 6000
PEG 8000
PEG-400
PEO-400
Polyox WSR N-60K
Sulfate-free electrolyte lavage solution
Polyethylene glycol 2000
Plenvu
