CARMINE

Carmine is the aluminum or calcium-aluminum lake, on an aluminum hydroxide substrate, obtained by an aqueous extraction of the dried female insects of Dactylopius coccus Costa, enclosing young larvae. 
Carmine (/ˈkɑːrmən, ˈkɑːrmaɪn/) – also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake – is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid.
Carmine is a natural bright red dye.

CAS Number: 1390-65-4
Molecular Formula: C22H20O13
Molecular Weight: 492.39
EINECS Number: 215-724-4

Carmine occurs as bright red, friable pieces or as a dark red powder. 
Carmine is soluble in alkali solutions, slightly soluble in hot water and practically insoluble in cold water and in dilute acids. 
Carmine, soluble in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethanol. 

Carmine is slightly soluble in water and alcohol. 
Insoluble in benzene, chloroform and organic solvents.
Carmine (Carmine red), a natural red dye extracted from the dried females of the insect Dactylopius coccus var. 

Carmine is a widely used food additive. 
Carmine provokes both an immediate hypersensitivity and a delayed systemic response with cutaneous expression.
The primary source of the raw material is from the Canary Islands and parts of South America. 

The coloring principle derived from carmine chiefly consists of carminic acid (C22H20O13).
Specific code names for the pigment include natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120. 
Carmine is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color.

Carmine can refer to different things depending on the context.
Carmine (C.I. 75470) (calcium-aluminium lacquer of carminic acid) for microscopy Certistain, is a dry dye that is used for the preparation of a staining solution for staining nuclei and for demonstration of glycogen in histological sections of human origin. 
As a Certistain? dye it is chemically quality-certified according to highest standards and strict specifications. 

As an IVD product and Carmine registered, it can be used hassle-free in diagnostics and laboratory accreditations. 
The color wild watermelon is displayed at right.
Carmine ultra red is a color formulated by Crayola in 1972. 

In 1990, the name of the Carmine was changed to wild watermelon.
With a hue code of 350, Carmine is within the range of carmine colors.
Carmine is supposed to be fluorescent, but there is no mechanism for displaying fluorescence on a computer screen.

Carmine, red or purplish-red pigment obtained from cochineal (q.v.), a red dyestuff extracted from the dried bodies of certain female scale insects native to tropical and subtropical America.
Carmine was used extensively for watercolours and fine coach-body colours before the advent of synthetic colouring materials. 
Since then Carmine has been used only when a natural pigment is required: for pastries, confections, cosmetics, water-soluble drug preparations, and histologic stains.

Carmine is the active colouring agent in both carmine and the less pure cochineal. 
Carmine is rarely used in practice, however, since the considerably more easily obtained carmine is as effective in biological staining. 
Carmine is a valuable dye, which is invariably applied in conjunction with a mordant, usually aluminum. 

Carmine can be used to stain glycogen (Best's carmine), acid mucopolysaccharides (mucicarmine), and nuclei (carmalum). 
Carmine is obtained from the bodies of the female of the insect Dactylopius coccus, also known as Coccus cacti.
Carmine is a deep red color that is often used to describe a shade of red with a slight purplish tint. 

Carmine is derived from the pigment carmine, which is produced from the cochineal insect.
Carmine is a pigment derived from the crushed, dried bodies of the female cochineal insect. 
Carmine has been used as a dye and pigment for centuries and is known for its intense red color.

Carmine is also a personal name given to individuals.
There are places with the name Carmine, such as Carmine, Texas, a small town in the United States.
To prepare carmine, the powdered insect bodies are boiled in ammonia or sodium carbonate solution, the insoluble matter is removed by filtering, and alum is added to the clear salt solution of carminic acid to precipitate the red aluminum salt. 

Purity of colour is ensured by the absence of iron. 
Stannous chloride, citric acid, borax, or gelatin may be added to regulate the formation of the precipitate. 
For purple shades, lime is added to the alum. 

Chemically, Carmine is a complex anthraquinone derivative.
The English word "carmine" is derived from the French word carmin (12th century), from Medieval Latin carminium, from Persian قرمز qirmiz ("crimson"), which itself derives from Middle Persian carmir ("red, crimson").
The Persian term carmir is likely cognate with Sanskrit krimiga ("insect-produced"), from krmi ("worm, insect"). 

The Persian word for "worm, insect" is kirm, and in Iran (Persia) the red colorant carmine was extracted from the bodies of dead female insects such as Kermes vermilio and cochineal.
The form of the term may also have been influenced in Latin by minium ("red lead, cinnabar"), said to be of Iberian origin.
The word "carmine" has been used as a color name as early as 1799.

Carmine is a popular food color, used in yogurt, candy, gelatin, meat, and beverages including fruit juices.
Carmine color is the general term for some deep red colors that are very slightly purplish but are generally slightly closer to red than the color crimson is. 
Some rubies are colored the color shown below as rich carmine. 

The deep dark red color shown at right as carmine is the color of the raw unprocessed pigment, but lighter, richer, or brighter colors are produced when the raw pigment is processed, some of which are shown below.
The first recorded use of carmine as a color name in English was in 1523.
To prepare carmine, the powdered scale insect bodies are boiled in an ammonia or sodium carbonate solution. 

After separating the insoluble matter, the extract is treated with alum to precipitate the red solid. 
This precipitate is called "carmine lake" or "crimson lake". 
Purity of color is ensured by the absence of iron. 

Carmine, citric acid, borax, or gelatin may be added to modify the precipitation. 
The traditional crimson color is affected not only by Carmine but also by choice of its chelating metal salt ion. 
For shades of purple, lime is added to the alum.

Carmine is a bright red substance obtained from carminic acid, which is found in high concentrations in cochineal insects. 
Carmine is extracted from the insects and their eggs and is mixed with aluminum salt to make carmine dye (also known as cochineal). 
Carmine is used as a dye in the production of artificial flowers, paints, crimson ink, rouge, lipsticks, and other cosmetics. 

Carmine can also be added to a wide variety of food products such as meat, sausages, yogurt, jams, candy and certain kinds of juice, most notably those of the ruby-red variety.
Carmine (Carmine red), a "semi-synthetic" dye, is a complex of aluminum and the natural dye Cochineal (Carminic acid). 
Cochineal is isolated from the native Mexican and South American insect. 

Carmine is a widely used "natural" food additive. 
Carmine provokes both an immediate hypersensitivity and a delayed systemic response with cutaneous expression.
To obtain 1 pound of red dye, 70,000 cochineal insects are required.

The Crayola crayon color radical red is displayed at right.
The color radical red was formulated by Crayola in 1990.
With a hue code of 348, this color is within the range of carmine colors.

Carmine is supposed to be fluorescent, but there is no mechanism for displaying fluorescence on a computer screen.
Obtained by aqueous extraction of cochineal, which consists of the dried bodies of the female insect Dactylopius coccus Costa; the colouring principle is a hydrated aluminium chelate of carminic acid in which aluminium and carminic acid are thought to be present in the molar ratio 1:2.
In commercial Carmine the colouring principle is present in association with ammonium, calcium, potassium or sodium cations, singly or in combination, and these cations may also be present in excess. 

Carmine may also contain proteinaceous material derived from the source insect, and may also contain free carminate or a small excess of aluminium cations. 
The solubility of carmine preparations varies depending on the nature of the cations present. 
Carmine where the major cation is ammonium (ammonium carminate) are freely soluble in water at pH 3.0 and pH 8.5. 

Melting point: 138–140℃ (darkens)
Density: > 1.0
vapor pressure: 0.02Pa at 90℃
FEMA : 2242 | CARMINE (COCCUS CACTI L.)
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: ammonium hydroxide: soluble1mg/mL
form: powder
Colour Index: 75470
color: red
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: Negligible
λmax: 531nm, 563nm
LogP: 0.97

Carmine is a red pigment/dye derived from insects native to South America and Mexico that live as parasites on cactus plants. 
Carmine is used as a colorant in food, cosmetics and textiles. 
Has been associated with severe allergic reactions. 

This ingredient is listed in the PETA's Caring Consumer guide as a substance of animal origin.
Normally, carmine shows as a bright red color or occurs as a dark red powder. 
As a general term for the deep red colors, the carmine color is a little bit purplish but also slightly closer to red. 

Carmine is also the color of some rubies which show as rich carmine. 
As a standard color coordinate, the sRGB number of carmine is (150, 0, 24). 
The colouring principle of carmine is a hydrated aluminum chelate of carminic acid.

The vivid red from carmine is derived from a kind of female insect called Dactylopius coccus Costa. 
Carmine can also show various beautiful colors through different colour reactions.
Carmine, also known as E120, cochineal extract, or natural red 4, is a food coloring derived from the cochineal insect. 

Carmine is used to provide a red or pink color to various food and beverage products.
Carmine is also the name of certain software or technology products. 
For example, there might be companies or products in the tech industry using the name Carmine.

Carmine is sometimes used as a term in the context of minerals or gemstones. 
However, Carmine's less common in this usage.
Carmine is a given name for individuals and is used in various cultures. 

Carmine might be used as a first name or a surname.
There are plants with the name Carmine, often associated with flowers or specific species known for their vibrant red or pink hues.
The pigment is produced from carminic acid, which is extracted from some scale insects such as the cochineal scale (Prima), and certain Porphyrophora species (Armenian cochineal and Polish cochineal). 

Attempts have been made to farm cochineal.
Carmine is a colorant used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, crimson ink, rouge and other cosmetics, and some medications.
Carmine is complex and expensive to produce. 

Therefore, natural cochineal carmine is predominant on the market. 
Carmine is instability presents challenges for use in art and textiles, but this is less of a hindrance in the context of cosmetics.
Carmine is a fugitive color, whose fading is influenced by different factors such as light, humidity, or even the color of the glass of a frame.

Carmine is highly sensitive to light and tends to fade into brownish tones.
In painting, Carmine is durability depends on the type of binding.
For instance, pigments are more stable if mixed with linseed oil rather than with gum arabic.

Carmine is especially sensitive to light in watercolor.
Carmine can be stabilized when precipitated with alum and when combined with tin salt mordants.
Some people argue that insects are not sentient. 

But all insects have brains and relatively complex nervous systems, so they therefore possess at least some ability to suffer.
Cochineal beetles are native to desert environments and were historically gathered from prickly pear cactus. 
Carmine was among the first pigments used to dye clothing, and archaeologists have recovered these garments from neolithic sites. 

Fortunately, few textiles use carmine anymore, since modern dyes are cheaper and much more colorfast.
Carmine derivatives include cochineal extract, crimson lake, natural red 4 and E120. 
All of these commonly appear on food and cosmetics labels. 

The most wholesome source of red coloring are extracts from vegan foods like strawberries, radishes, and beets.
Indigo Carmine or Indigotindisulfonate Sodium is an organic compound derived from Indigo using aromatic sulfonation. 
The sulfonation renders the compound’s solubility in water. 

Indigo Carmine is also called Indigotindisulfonate sodium, 5,5’- indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt,  E132, Sicovit Indigotin 85, Food Blue 1, FD&C Blue 2, ci 73015, 4 G, C.I. 
In medicine, Carmine is most well-known use is as a diagnostic agent for kidney function tests. 
Carmine is also used as a food colourant, a histological dye and a two-colour pH indicator.

Glossy red fragments or dark red powder. Decomposition temperature 250. 
Soluble hydroxide alkali or sodium carbonate solution, dark red; Partially soluble in hot water, almost insoluble in cold water and dilute acid, also soluble in borax.
Carmine is easily soluble in water, ethanol, ether, concentrated sulfuric acid, and alkaline hydroxide solutions. 

Carmine is insoluble in petroleum ether, benzene, and chloroform.
In solution, Carmine is characterized by its color, which varies depending on pH: reddish-orange in acidic solutions, reddish-purple in neutral solutions, and reddish-purple in alkaline solutions. 
Carmine is decomposition point is 135°C, and its pKa is 1.59 ± 0.20.

This is a species of bee-eater bird found in sub-Saharan Africa. 
The name "carmine" in this context refers to the bird's striking carmine red plumage.
In popular culture, Carmine Falcone is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. 

Also known as "The Big Ragu," Carmine Ragusa is a character from the television sitcom "Laverne & Shirley," which aired in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
There are streets named Carmine in various cities, and Carmine Street in New York City, for example, is known for its historic and cultural significance in the Greenwich Village neighborhood.
Carmine can be used as a color name in the context of art and design. 

Artists and designers may use carmine to describe a specific shade of red when working with various mediums.
In the automotive industry, carmine could be used to describe a particular shade of red used in car paints or interiors.
Carmine is commonly used in the cosmetics industry as a natural red pigment in lipsticks, blushes, and other makeup products.

Carmine might be the name of a band, song, or album in the music industry. 
Musicians and artists sometimes choose unique or symbolic names for their works.
Carmine could be used as a business or financial term, perhaps the name of a company, fund, or financial product.

Carmine might appear in literature as a character name, a title, or a metaphorical reference.
Carmine might be associated with a specific technology or innovation, especially if it's a term used in a particular niche or industry.

History Of Carmine:
Female Dactylopius coccus (cochineal) insects were used for their red coloring power as early as 700 BC. 
South American civilizations crushed the bugs present on cacti to extract the carmine they contain. 
Carmine pigment was extensively used by the Aztec civilization to dye textiles. 

It was imported later to Europe during the 16th century.
Red is a color often associated with power and social status. 
Through the centuries, red has been worn by tribal chiefs, kings and queens, and military officers.

Cochineal was a major source of income for the Spanish Crown. 
By weight, it was a far more valuable commodity than sugar, making it especially lucrative for overseas trade. 
As part of the triangular trade, its production and consumption were intertwined with slavery.

In European markets, the Spanish Crown had a monopoly on cochineal until 1820 when the French learned to cultivate them. 
Later, German and British scientists created a chemical red dye that competed with carmine. 
The combination of these factors contributed to the end of the Spanish monopoly and considerably lowered the price of carmine, making it accessible to a wider audience.

Cochineal bugs are part of the Coccidae family, a type of scale insect closely related to aphids, mealybugs, and whiteflies. 
They have flat, oval-shaped bodies about the size of a grain of rice and are native to tropical and subtropical South America through North America.
Carmine is made by boiling and grinding up cochineal beetles, and is therefore not vegan.

Uses Of Carmine:
Carmine is a crimson pigment. 
This is the aluminum lake of the coloring agent cochineal, a natural pigment derived from the dried female insect Coccus cacti. 
Carmine may cause allergic reactions.

Carmine is the trade name for the aluminum lake of the red anthraquinone dye carminic acid obtained from the cochineal bug. 
The dye is obtained from the powdery form of cochineal by extraction with hot water, the extracts treated with aluminum salts, and the dye precipitated from the solution by the addition of ethanol. 
This water-soluble bright red dye is used for coloring shrimp, pork sausages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. 

Carmine is the only animal-derived dye approved as a colorant for foods and other products.
Carmine is a bright red dye commonly used to color food and cosmetics. 
When purchasing any sort of red or pink makeup, vegans should check the ingredients for carmine.

Carmine is the red colorant aluminum lake of carminic acid which is the coloring pigment obtained from dried bodies of the female insect coccus cacti. 
Carmine is brilliant red to purplish in color, having a low tinctorial strength, and can be solubilized in ammonia. 
Carmine is used in a pink color in coatings.

Carmine red has been used in military cartography at least since the 17th century. 
Carmine is a kind of popular eating colouring. 
Carmine often is used in a lot of food such as fruit juices, yogurt, candy, meat and gelatin. 

As a colorant, Carmine is also widely used in the manufacture of clothes, artificial flowers, rouge, ink, and other cosmetics, and even sometimes use in medications. 
However, natural carmine is kind of instability, which becomes a challenge for use in textiles and art. 
Fortunately, Carmine is not a big deal in the context of cosmetics. 

When carmine is used in these commercial products, the coloring principle is usually present in association with calcium, sodium cations, ammonium, and potassium, singly or in combination. 
Carmine, derived from the cochineal insect, is used as a natural red food coloring in a variety of products, including juices, yogurts, candies, and processed foods.
Carmine is widely used in the cosmetics industry to provide a red or pink color to products such as lipsticks, blushes, eyeshadows, and nail polishes.

Carmine can be used as a dye in the textile industry to color fabrics and clothing items.
Artists and designers use carmine as a color name, and it may be utilized in paintings, illustrations, and various design projects.
Carmine may be used as a descriptive term for a specific shade of red in the automotive industry, applied to car paints or interior elements.

Carmine has historically been used in traditional medicine, and it may have applications in certain formulations or medical products.
Carmine might be used as a brand name or a feature name for certain technology products or software.
While less common, the term carmine might be used in the context of minerals or gemstones, particularly those with a deep red color.

Carmine is a personal name given to individuals, and it may be used as a first name or a surname.
The Carmine Bee-eater is a bird species with vibrant carmine red plumage found in sub-Saharan Africa.
In a cultural aspect, the color red is also a representation of social status and power. 

Throughout human history, kings and queens, and tribal chiefs often wear red. 
Carmine is used in cosmetics (makeup products, hair products and soaps), foods, drinks, drugs, paints and pigments. 
Carmine is derived from the Dactylopius coccus insect. 

The female insects are harvested and processed, yielding bright red pigment. 
The use of carmine is increasing because of use restrictions on the synthetic red dyes, which may be carcinogenic.
Indigo Carmine is a colourant, which is clinically used for distinctive purposes. 

As Carmine belongs to a class of drugs called Miscellaneous Diagnostic Dyes Carmine can be used alone or with other medications.
Useful in the staining of Negri bodiesIndigo carmine is used as a food colorant, pH indicator and dissolved ozone indicator. 
Carmine is used to detect amino fluid leaks, highlight portions of the urinary tract, tissue stains and tool for the determination of hypochlorite. 

As a dye in renal function, Carmine is used in testing and detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.
Some formulations of insecticides or pest control products may use carmine or derivatives of the cochineal insect as part of their composition.
The color carmine can have cultural or symbolic significance in various contexts. 

Carmine might be associated with love, passion, or religious symbolism in art and cultural practices.
Carmine or similar pigments might be used in the production of red inks for printing and writing.
In art restoration, carmine or cochineal-based pigments may be used to recreate historically accurate colors in paintings.

The cochineal insect, from which carmine is derived, is of interest in entomology for its unique biological properties and historical uses.
Cochineal extract, the source of carmine, has been studied for potential biomedical applications and as a source of natural compounds.
Beyond the food and textile industries, carmine and cochineal extract have been used historically as natural dyes for various materials.

In some cultures, cochineal has traditional uses in crafts, textiles, or medicinal practices.
The name "Carmine" might be used for branding purposes in various industries, including fashion, beauty products, or technology.
Carmine and cochineal-derived compounds have been used in infrared spectroscopy for calibration purposes.

Useful in the staining of Negri bodiesIndigo carmine is used as a food colorant, pH indicator and dissolved ozone indicator. 
Carmine is used to detect amino fluid leaks, highlight portions of the urinary tract, tissue stains and tool for the determination of hypochlorite. 
As a dye in renal function, Carmine is used in testing and detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.

Carmine can be used in histology, as Best's carmine to stain glycogen, mucicarmine to stain acidic mucopolysaccharides, and carmalum to stain cell nuclei. 
In these applications, Carmine is applied together with a mordant, usually an Al(III) salt.
Carmine has been used in biological staining to demonstrate selectively nuclei, chromosomes or mucins, depending on the formulation. 

Cochineal dye, the main component of carmine, is widely used as a coloring agent in foods such as confectionery, beverages, and processed marine products and meat. 
Carmine dye is an animal-based dye with excellent heat and light resistance. 
As a result, Carmine can be easily used in foods that require heating or are exposed to light when placed on store shelves.

Carmine is also used in flavoring, paints, color photography, and bacterial staining. 
Carmine also forms complexes with aluminum and calcium ions to form deep reddish rake pigments.
Furthermore, in the cosmetics field, Carmine can be used for red coloring in cleaning products, facial cleansers, skin care cosmetics, and hair styling products.

Carmine or similar red pigments might be used in film production, photography filters, or special effects to achieve specific color tones.
Carmine pigments were historically used in the creation of illuminated manuscripts, providing vibrant red hues in illustrations and decorative elements.
The term "carmine" might be used in the context of specific plant species or botanical research, perhaps describing certain flowers or plant pigments.

Carmine or cochineal-derived compounds can sometimes be found in dental products such as toothpaste and mouthwash for coloring purposes.
In addition to the textile industry, carmine or cochineal extract might be used in natural dyeing processes for fabrics and clothing items.
Carmine has been historically used in some traditional medicine practices for various purposes, although its use in contemporary medicine is limited.

Carmine staining is used in microbiology and histology to enhance the visibility of certain structures under a microscope.
The cochineal insect has been used as a biological indicator in environmental studies, including pollution monitoring and ecological research.

Besides being used as a food coloring, carmine might be used in culinary arts for decorative purposes, such as in the creation of vibrant dessert decorations.
Carmine pigments, whether natural or synthetic, can be used in various crafts and hobbies, including painting, pottery, and model building.

Safety Profile Of Carmine:
Some individuals may be allergic to carmine. 
Allergic reactions can range from mild skin irritation to more severe responses. 

Inhaling carmine powder or dust may pose a risk for individuals with asthma or respiratory conditions. 
Carmine's essential to handle powdered forms of carmine with care to avoid inhalation.
Carmine is derived from the cochineal insect, and individuals with insect allergies might experience reactions to products containing carmine.

Due to its insect origin, carmine may not be suitable for use in products adhering to certain dietary or cultural restrictions.
The large-scale cultivation of cochineal insects for carmine production can have environmental implications. 
Carmine's crucial to consider sustainability practices and ethical sourcing.

Synonyms Of Carmine:
Carmine
Cochineal
Cochineal (dye)
1343-78-8
1390-65-4
3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]anthracene-2-carboxylic acid
C.I. Natural red 4
Carmine Red
C.I. 75470
Alum lake of carminic acid
C ochineal
NSC326224
NSC-326224
E120
C. I. 75470
CARMINE (ALUM LAKE)
SCHEMBL341505
SCHEMBL19649523
FEMA 2330
DTXSID20859613
HMS3346I22
FT-0623494
FT-0623495
FT-0624015
D89264
J-005319
2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-
7-Glucopyranosyl-3,4,5,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid
1-Anthroic acid,10-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-4-methyl-9,10-dioxo-6-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanoyl)-
1219145-87-5
7-Hexopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid