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CAROAT

Potassium peroxymonosulfate = Caroat


CAS NUMBER: 70693-62-8

MOLECULAR FORMULA: 2KHSO5.KHSO4.K2SO4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 614.7

Caroat is used as an active ingredient in disinfectant formulations and as an oxidizing agent in other formulations such as pool and spa chlorine-free shock oxidizers, denture cleaners, and laundry bleaches.
Caroat is also used as a wet strength resin pulping aid, metal surface treatment agent, selective oxidizer in chemical synthesis, wool drawing treatment, wastewater treatment and odor control agent.
Caroat (also known as MPS, KMPS, potassium monopersulfate, potassium Caroate, Caroat and Oxone, and non-chlorine shock in the pool and spa industry) is widely used as an oxidizing agent. 
Caroat is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Caroat is a non-chlorate oxidizer in free flowing solid form.
Caroat has high solubility in water at ambient temperatures and long solution stability (even under acidic conditions).
Caroat has low toxicity compared to chlorinated options and other oxidizers.
Caroat has a highly predictable disintegration rate for the fabrication of microelectronics.

Caroat is a very stable peroxygen in solid form, losing less than 0.5% (relative) monthly activity when stored under recommended conditions.
However, as with all other peroxygens, Caroat is very slowly disproportionate with the release of heat and oxygen gas.
If a decomposition is associated with high temperature, decomposition of the Oxone component salts can form sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide.
Stability is reduced by the presence of small amounts of moisture, alkaline chemicals, chemicals containing water of hydration, transition metals in any form, and/or any material with which Caroat can react.
Since the decomposition of Caroat is exothermic, decomposition may accelerate on its own if storage conditions allow product temperature to rise.
Aqueous solutions of Caroat are relatively stable when made at the unaltered pH of the product.
The stability of Caroat is adversely affected at high pH, ​​especially above pH 7.
At about pH 9 there is a minimum stability point where the mono-anion HSO5- concentration is equal to that of the di-anion SO5 =
Cobalt, nickel and manganese are particularly strong catalysts for the decomposition of Caroat in solution; The extent to which catalysis occurs depends on the Oxon and metal ion concentrations.


DESCRIPTION:

White, crystalline, odourless, free flowing salt consisting of Caroat, potassium hydrogen sulfate and potassium sulfate. 
The only stable transportable salt of Caro's acid is its triple salt (theoretical Formula see above). 
KMPS undergoes a strongly acid reaction in aqueous solution. As a result of its high oxidation potential and microbiological effectiveness, Caroat can be used for a large number of different applications. 
Caroat has the particular advantage of being highly stable in storage, easy and safe to handle, free from chlorine and of having a high reactivity. 
Caroat is the preferred reagent for a wide range of applications wherever a strong oxidizing or bleaching agent is required. 
There are other molecules which can be used for these applications but Caroat® has the particular advantage of containing no halogens. 
Oxidative processes may be performed without the risk of forming hazardous halogenated by-products. 

Caroat is supplied as a free-flowing and stable powder with a high quality consistency and a long storage life under cool and dry conditions. 
Caroat is a triple salt of potassium monopersulfate, potassium hydrogen sulfate and potassium sulfate. 
The active constituent is the potassium salt of Caro’s acid, peroxomonosulfate (“KMPS”). 
With an annual production of several thousand tons, United Initiators has a leading position in the worldwide production of KMPS.
Caroat is present as a component of a triple salt including potassium monopersulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium bisulfate with the formula 2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4. 
The oxidation potential of this compound is derived from its peracid chemistry.

Caroat can be used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean.
Caroat (also known as MPS, KMPS, potassium monopersulfate, potassium Caroate, the trade names Caroat and Oxone, and as non-chlorine shock in the pool and spa industry is widely used as an oxidizing agent. 
Caroat is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
The triple salt Caroat (known by the tradename Oxone) is a form with higher stability. 
The standard electrode potential for this compound is +1.81 V with a half reaction generating the hydrogen sulfate (pH=0).
Caroat is a potassium monopersulfate triple salt with the composition potassium monopersulfate (2 KHSO₅), potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO₄) and potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄). 
Caroat is the only stable and safe carrier of the desired active compound KHSO₅, with advantages including:

Sparkling clear water; a powerful oxidizer (high oxidation potential)
-No chloramines or chlorine odour’s
-No unhealthy THMs – oxygen-based, doesn’t contain chlorine
-Unaffected by UV degradation – can be used day and night
-Fast dissolving, harmless, non-toxic – same day shock and swim
-Increases efficiency of the sanitizer; compatible with sanitizers based on chlorine, bromine and other non-halogen based alternatives
-Caroat is supplied as a free-flowing and stable powder with a high quality consistency and a long storage life under cool and dry conditions.

United Initiators is a world leading manufacturer of specialty chemical initiators providing a full range of both organic peroxides and persulfates. 
With an annual production of several thousand tons, United Initiators has a leading position in the worldwide production of Caroat, ensuring supply reliability and quality are never compromised.
To discuss the benefits of Caroat® and how you can include it within in your treatment offerings, contact one of our industry experts.

USES:

Caroat can be used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean. 
One of the drawbacks of using Caroat in pools is it can cause the common DPD water test for combined chlorine to read incorrectly high.[12] Moreover, byproducts can be formed during the peroxymonosulfate treatment, which are sometimes even more toxic than the original contaminants.
Caroat is the main active ingredient in Virkon, which is used for disinfection of laboratory equipment.
Manufacture of dry laundry bleaches, detergent-bleach washing compound, scouring powders, plastic dishware cleaners, and metal cleaners; hair-wave neutralizers, pharmaceuticals; general oxidizing reactions.


APPLICATION:

A major application of Caroat® is denture cleansing. 
It acts by bleachinging food residues and organic discolorations. Other organic deposits are effectively oxidized, facilitating their removal. 
N formulas adjusted to an acidic to neutral condition, Caroat plays the role of bleaching agent. 
In weakly alkaline formulas, an effervescent effect can be obtained with Caroat in the presence of sodium perborate monohydrate in a weight ratio of approx. 
Disintegrates the tablets and features a mechanical cleaning effect on the dentures. 
Caroat oxidizes the hydrogen peroxide liberated from the perborate, forming gaseous oxygen. 
In weakly acidic to neutral formulas formation of gas supporting the removal of deposits is achieved through the reaction of acidic components with sodium hydrogen carbonate.

- Printed Circuit Board and PCB metal surface treatment.
- Disinfection:mainly used in Animal breeding disinfection.
- Water treatment:Swimming water disinfection and treatment and also Oil field wastewater waste gas treatment.
- Cosmetics, daily-use chemicals.
- Wool Shrinkproofing, Paper Bleaching.

APPLICATION:

-Denture cleaner: 

Effective main ingredient in Cleaning tablets for dentures.

-Disinfectant: 

Use for chlorine-free disinfection or purification of swimming pool water and spas. 
Prevention of chlorine acne and eye irritation. 
Approved for oxidative drinking water treatment.

-Bleaching agent: 

Caroat has a bleaching effect comparable to that of organic peracids; in the TAED/perborate system it is particularly effective at low temperatures.

-Biocidal effect: 

Suitable as an additive to acidic cleaning agents with bleaching and disinfectant effect.

-Effluent treatment:

Oxidative treatment of problematic effluents; sulfide oxidation, nitrite oxidation and cyanide detoxification.

-Plaster additive: 

Addition of Caroat leads to generation of oxygen and improved product characteristics (e.g. thermal insulation, water absorbency, mechanical properties). 
Metal treatment: Microetchant: Use for etching printed circuit boards.

-Others:

- Textile finishing (shrink proofing of wool)
- Chemical synthesis (production of dioxirane)
- Paper manufacture (repulping, particularly of wet-strength paper).


APPLICATIONS:

-Odor control agent
-Paper industry
-Pulp and paper recycling
-Professional
-Disinfection
-Personal care
-Pool & Spa
-Pool and Spa Shock Oxidizer
-Pulp and paper repulping aid processing plants
-Bleach Content
-Material protection
-Selective oxidizer in chemical synthesis
-Food industry
-Chemical industry
-Drinking water disinfection
-Denture cleaner bleach additive
-Disinfection
-Waste water treatment agent
-Electronics industry
-Surface Treatment (electronics industry)
-Waste water treatment agent
-Textile industry
-Wool treatment
-Washing and cleaning agent industry
-Purification of wastewater
-Water treatment
-Metal surface treatment
-Linen
-Animal Hygiene
-Chemical synthesis
-Cosmetics


PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: White crystalline salt
-KHSO5 content: Ca.45 % w/w (typical),43 % w/w (min.)
-Active oxygen (AO): Ca. 4.7 % w/w (typical)
-Active oxygen (AO): Ca. 5.2 % w/w (Theoretical, pure triple salt
-Iron content (typically): < 20 ppm (mg/kg)
-Bulk density (typically): Ca. 1100 g/l
-Melting point: (decomposition)
-Solubility in water at 20°C: Ca. 250 g/l
-pH of a 1% solution in water (typically): Ca. 2.0
-Decomposition of the product as supplied: At above 60 °C
-Recommended storage temperature: Below 30 °C
-Storage stability as from date of delivery: 12 months
-Moisture content (typically): <0.1 % 


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

Formula: 2KHSO5.KHSO4.K2SO4
Formula Weight: 615.50
Form: Granular
Density: 1.15
Storage and Sensitivity: Hygroscopic. Ambient temperature.
Solubility: Soluble in water (100 mg/ml).

STORAGE:

Caroat must be stored under dry conditions. 
Caroat has to be protected from direct sunlight and from any other sources of heat.

STANDARD PACKAGING:

The standard packaging of Caroat is 25 kg PE-bag.


SYNONYM:

Caroat
HKO4S
Pentakalium-bis(peroxymonosulfat)-bis(sulfat)
X6701

IUPAC NAME:

pentapotassium bis((hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanide) hydrogen sulfate sulfate
pentapotassium bis(O-(hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanidolate) hydrogen sulfate sulfate
Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)
pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)
pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)
otassium peroxymonosulfate
potassiummonopersulfat

TRADE NAME:

Caroat
Caroat(R)
Kybreak
Oxone
Oxone (R)
Virkon S

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