CASTOR OIL 40 EO

CASTOR OIL 40 EO

CAS No. : 8001-79-4
EC No. : 232-293-8

Castor Oil 40 EO

Castor oil 40 EO, also known as castor wax, is a hardened vegetable wax produced from pure Castor oil 40 EO through the chemical process of hydrogenation. When hydrogen is introduced to pure Castor oil 40 EO in the presence of a nickel catalyst, the resulting product becomes waxy, highly viscous, and more saturated.Castor oil 40 EO is an ingredient prevalently found in many cosmetics, varnishes, and polishes. You most likely use it on a daily basis. Unlike pure Castor oil 40 EO, which is said to have a slightly offensive smell, it is completely odorless. Castor oil 40 EO is also insoluble in water.But why hydrogenate Castor oil 40 EO when the pure oil works so well for so many different applications? What is the purpose of hydrogenating Castor oil 40 EO, exactly? ydrogenated Castor oil 40 EO, also known as castor wax, is derived from castor beans (Ricinus communis), which is typically a liquid at room temperature, that has been processed by adding hydrogen to make it more stable and raises its melting point so that it is a solid at room temperature. It is odorless and insoluble in water. Historically, ancient Egyptians used Castor oil 40 EO as fuel for their lamps. Castor oil 40 EO has also been used as a lubricant in machine and aircraft engines, and is added to certain paints, dyes and varnishes as well. 
Ingestion of pure Castor oil 40 EO works as a laxative to treat constipation. Castor oil 40 EO is a hard brittle, high melting point waxy substance with faint characteristic of fatty wax odor and is tasteless. It is compatible with beeswax, carnauba and candelilla wax. It is relatively insoluble in most organic solvents though it will dissolve in a number of solvents and oils at an elevated temperature but on cooling will form gels or a paste like mass. It forms a smooth, stable anionic emulsion with emulsifiers and triethanolamine stearate. It can also be emulsified with a cationic emulsifying agent, making emulsions that are also stable. It is mainly used in plastics, textiles, lubricants etc.As a pharmaceutical grade inactive ingredient, Castor oil 40 EO is used to emulsify and solubilize oils and other water-insoluble substances. 

A brand name product that contains Castor oil 40 EO is Cremophor and it contains a range of non-ionic polyethoxylated detergents. It was originally developed for use as solubilizers and emulsifiers. This research grade product is intended for use in R&D and development only. Castor oil 40 EO (castor wax) is also used an extended release agent; stiffening agent; tablet and capsule lubricant. Castor oil 40 EO has been used as a stimulant laxative to relieve occasional constipation, but it is rarely used today due to gentler and safer alternatives.
The purpose of the hydrogenation process is to improve Castor oil 40 EO's melting point, texture, odor, and shelf-life.Once hydrogenated, the resulting Castor oil 40 EO product is comprised of hard, brittle flakes. Castor oil 40 EO is considered an organic ingredient, as well as a vegan one, as it is vegetable-derived.One application of Castor oil 40 EO is to improve certain cosmetic products. You can add the flakes to cosmetic formulations until thoroughly melted. In this capacity, Castor oil 40 EO acts as an emollient and a thickener; increasing the viscosity of creams, ointments, and lotions when their composition is too runny. Castor oil 40 EO also stabilizes cosmetics that come in stick-form (like lipstick) and increases these products' melting points, making for a more stable product. In part thanks to Castor oil 40 EO, it's not the end of the world if we leave a tube of red lipstick in a hot car! Castor oil 40 EO means our lipsticks maintain a solid structure even when they're pushed to the limit, and our deodorant doesn't crumble as we apply it.Castor oil 40 EO is a hard, waxy substance with a unique structure. It works with the other oils and waxes in the antiperspirant base to give the stick a firm but spreadable consistency. In the baby diaper cream and lotion it provides a protective barrier of the lotion/cream on the skin. In all cases, because Castor oil 40 EO is insoluble in water, it is not readily washed away.
Castor oil 40 EO is especially present in these types of products when something requires resistance to moisture and oils, such as in polishes, varnishes, and paints.

Here are 7 benefits and uses of Castor oil 40 EO.
1. A Powerful Laxative
Perhaps one of the best-known medicinal uses for Castor oil 40 EO is as a natural laxative.
It’s classified as a stimulant laxative, meaning that it increases the movement of the muscles that push material through the intestines, helping clear the bowels.
Stimulant laxatives act rapidly and are commonly used to relieve temporary constipation.
When consumed by mouth, Castor oil 40 EO is broken down in the small intestine, releasing ricinoleic acid, the main fatty acid in Castor oil 40 EO. The ricinoleic acid is then absorbed by the intestine, stimulating a strong laxative effect.
In fact, several studies have shown that Castor oil 40 EO can relieve constipation.
For example, one study found that when elderly people took Castor oil 40 EO, they experienced decreased symptoms of constipation, including less straining during defecation and lower reported feelings of incomplete bowel movements.
While Castor oil 40 EO is considered safe in small doses, larger amounts can cause abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (4Trusted Source).
Although it can be used to relieve occasional constipation, Castor oil 40 EO is not recommended as a treatment for long-term issues.
Castor oil 40 EO can be used as a natural remedy for occasional constipation. However, it can cause side effects like cramping and diarrhea and should not be used to treat chronic constipation.

2. A Natural Moisturizer
Castor oil 40 EO is rich in ricinoleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid.
These types of fats act as humectants and can be used to moisturize the skin.
Humectants retain moisture by preventing water loss through the outer layer of the skin.
Castor oil 40 EO is often used in cosmetics to promote hydration and often added to products like lotions, makeup and cleansers.
You can also use this rich oil on its own as a natural alternative to store-bought moisturizers and lotions.
Many popular moisturizing products found in stores contain potentially harmful ingredients like preservatives, perfumes and dyes, which could irritate the skin and harm overall health.
Swapping out these products for Castor oil 40 EO can help reduce your exposure to these additives.
Plus, Castor oil 40 EO is inexpensive and can be used on the face and body.
Castor oil 40 EO is thick, so it’s frequently mixed with other skin-friendly oils like almond, olive and coconut oil to make an ultra-hydrating moisturizer.
Though applying Castor oil 40 EO to the skin is considered safe for most, it can cause an allergic reaction in some people (6Trusted Source).
Castor oil 40 EO can help lock moisture in the skin. Though this natural alternative to store-bought products is considered safe for most, it can cause allergic reactions in some.

3. Promotes Wound Healing
Applying Castor oil 40 EO to wounds creates a moist environment that promotes healing and prevents sores from drying out.
Venelex, a popular ointment used in clinical settings to treat wounds, contains a mixture of Castor oil 40 EO and Peru balsam, a balm derived from the Myroxylon tree.
Castor oil 40 EO stimulates tissue growth so that a barrier can be formed between the wound and the environment, decreasing the risk of infection.
It also reduces dryness and cornification, the buildup of dead skin cells that can delay wound healing (8).
Studies have found that ointments containing Castor oil 40 EO may be especially helpful in healing pressure ulcers, a type wound that develops from prolonged pressure on the skin.
One study looked at the wound-healing effects of an ointment containing Castor oil 40 EO in 861 nursing home residents with pressure ulcers.
Those whose wounds were treated with Castor oil 40 EO experienced higher healing rates and shorter healing times than those treated with other methods (9Trusted Source).
Castor oil 40 EO helps heal wounds by stimulating the growth of new tissue, reducing dryness and preventing the buildup of dead skin cells.

4. Impressive Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Ricinoleic acid, the main fatty acid found in Castor oil 40 EO, has impressive anti-inflammatory properties.
Studies have shown that when Castor oil 40 EO is applied topically, it reduces inflammation and relieves pain.
The pain-reducing and anti-inflammatory qualities of Castor oil 40 EO may be particularly helpful to those with an inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis.
Animal and test-tube studies have found that ricinoleic acid reduces pain and swelling.
One study demonstrated that treatment with a gel containing ricinoleic acid led to a significant reduction in pain and inflammation when applied to the skin, compared to other treatment methods.
A test-tube component of the same study showed that ricinoleic acid helped reduce inflammation caused by human rheumatoid arthritis cells more than another treatment.
Aside from Castor oil 40 EO’s potential to reduce inflammation, it may help relieve dry, irritated skin in those with psoriasis, thanks to its moisturizing properties.
Although these results are promising, more human studies are needed to determine the effects of Castor oil 40 EO on inflammatory conditions.
Castor oil 40 EO is high in ricinoleic acid, a fatty acid that has been shown to help reduce pain and inflammation in test-tube and animal studies.

5. Reduces Acne
Acne is a skin condition that can cause blackheads, pus-filled pimples and large, painful bumps on the face and body.
It’s most common in teens and young adults and can negatively impact self-esteem.
Castor oil 40 EO has several qualities that may help reduce acne symptoms.
Inflammation is thought to be a factor in the development and severity of acne, so applying Castor oil 40 EO to the skin may help reduce inflammation-related symptoms.
Acne is also associated with an imbalance of certain types of bacteria normally found on the skin, including Staphylococcus aureus.
Castor oil 40 EO has antimicrobial properties that may help fight bacterial overgrowth when applied to the skin.
One test-tube study found that Castor oil 40 EO extract showed considerable antibacterial power, inhibiting the growth of several bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus.
Castor oil 40 EO is also a natural moisturizer, so it may help soothe the inflamed and irritated skin typical in those with acne.
Castor oil 40 EO helps fight inflammation, reduce bacteria and soothe irritated skin, all of which can be helpful for those looking for a natural acne remedy.

6. Fights Fungus
Candida albicans is a type of fungus that commonly causes dental issues like plaque overgrowth, gum infections and root canal infections.
Castor oil 40 EO has antifungal properties and may help fight off Candida, keeping the mouth healthy.
One test-tube study found that Castor oil 40 EO eliminated Candida albicans from contaminated human tooth roots.
Castor oil 40 EO may also help treat denture-related stomatitis, a painful condition thought to be caused by Candida overgrowth. This is a common issue in elderly people who wear dentures.
A study in 30 elderly people with denture-related stomatitis showed that treatment with Castor oil 40 EO led to improvements in the clinical signs of stomatitis, including inflammation (17Trusted Source).
Another study found that brushing with and soaking dentures in a solution containing Castor oil 40 EO led to significant reductions in Candida in elderly people who wore dentures (18Trusted Source).
Several studies have shown that Castor oil 40 EO may help fight fungal infections in the mouth caused by Candida albicans.

7. Keeps Your Hair and Scalp Healthy
Many people use Castor oil 40 EO as a natural hair conditioner.
Dry or damaged hair can especially benefit from an intense moisturizer like Castor oil 40 EO.
Applying fats like Castor oil 40 EO to the hair on a regular basis helps lubricate the hair shaft, increasing flexibility and decreasing the chance of breakage.
Castor oil 40 EO may benefit those who experience dandruff, a common scalp condition characterized by dry, flaky skin on the head.
Though there are many different causes of dandruff, it has been linked to seborrhoeic dermatitis, an inflammatory skin condition that causes red, scaly patches on the scalp.
Due to Castor oil 40 EO’s ability to reduce inflammation, it may be an effective treatment for dandruff that is caused by seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Plus, applying Castor oil 40 EO to the scalp will help moisturize dry, irritated skin and may help reduce flaking.
The moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties of Castor oil 40 EO make it an excellent option to keep hair soft and hydrated and help reduce dandruff symptoms.

Castor oil 40 EO, also known as castor wax, is derived from castor beans (Ricinus communis), which is typically a liquid at room temperature, that has been processed by adding hydrogen to make it more stable and raises its melting point so that it is a solid at room temperature. It is odorless and insoluble in water.
Castor oil 40 EO is a hard, waxy substance with a unique structure. It works with the other oils and waxes in the antiperspirant base to give the stick a firm but spreadable consistency. In all cases, because Castor oil 40 EO is insoluble in water, it is not readily washed away. 
Castor oil 40 EO has a long history of safe use in personal care products.
PEG 40 Castor oil 40 EO is the Polyethylene Glycol derivatives of Castor oil 40 EO, and it functions as a surfactant, a solubilizer, an emulsifier, an emollient, a cleansing agent, and a fragrance ingredient when added to cosmetics or personal care product formulations. 
Castor oil 40 EO is soluble in both water and oil and is traditionally used to emulsify and solubilize oil-in-water formulations. Its foam-enhancing properties make it ideal for use in liquid cleansers, and its soothing and softening emollient quality makes it a popular addition to formulations for moisturizers and hair care cosmetics. As a surfactant, PEG 40 Castor oil 40 EO helps to decrease the surface tension between multiple liquids or between liquids and solids. Furthermore, it helps to remove the grease from oils and causes them to become suspended in the liquid. This makes it easier for them to be washed away and lends this ingredient popularity in facial and body cleansers. As an occlusive agent, PEG 40 Castor oil 40 EO creates a protective hydrating layer on the skin's surface, acting as a barrier against the loss of natural moisture.
Castor oil 40 EO to cosmetics formulations, it can be blended in its cold state directly into the oil phase at a suggested ratio of 3:1 (PEG 40 Castor oil 40 EO to oil). Next, this can be added to the water phase. If the formula is cloudy, the amount of PEG 40 Castor oil 40 EO may be increased for enhanced transparency.

Castor wax is also useful as a top coat varnish for leather, wood & rubber.
12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid (12-HSA) is obtained by the hydrolysis of Castor oil 40 EO, 12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid is a high melting, brittle, waxy solid at ambient temperatures and should be stored away from heat to avoid deterioration.
A non-toxic, non-hazardous material, it has limited solubility in many organic solvents and is insoluble in water.
It is used in lithium and calcium greases, and in the manufacture of acrylic polymers, as an internal lubricant for plastic mouldings, coatings for automotive, equipment, appliances and architectural applications.
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Castor oil 40 EO is a wax-like hydrogenated derivative of Castor oil 40 EO. Castor oil 40 EO has many industrial applications.
Castor wax, also called Castor oil 40 EO, is an opaque, white vegetable wax. It is produced by the hydrogenation of pure Castor oil 40 EO often in the presence of a nickel catalyst to increase the rate of reaction. The hydrogenation of Castor oil 40 EO forms saturated molecules of castor wax; this saturation is responsible for the hard, brittle and insoluble nature of the wax.
HCO (chemical name: Castor oil 40 EO), also known as castor wax, is a very common oleochemical product that has many industrial and manufacturing applications. What is Castor oil 40 EO? HCO is a hard, wax-like substance extracted from Castor oil 40 EO beans. There is also a petroleum-based formula of Hydrogenated Caster Oil known as PEG-40. The Castor oil 40 EO chemical formula of this material is C57H110O9(CH2CH2O)n. Hydrogenation refers to a chemical process where an unsaturated compound is combined with hydrogen to produce saturation. In the case of HCO, this increases the oil’s stability and raises its melting point, transforming it into a solid at room temperature.Castor oil 40 EO is insoluble in water and most types of organic solvents. This makes HCO extremely valuable in the manufacturing of lubricants and industrial greases. However, HCO is soluble in hot solvents. It also has the ability to resist water while retaining its polarity, lubricity and surface wetting capabilities. Castor oil 40 EO is also an extremely safe, non-toxic material that is suitable for use in personal care products and soaps. To learn more about HCO safety, please review the Castor oil 40 EO SDS (Safety Data Sheet).Acme-Hardesty is a reliable source for Castor oil 40 EO. We offer a complete selection of Castor oil 40 EO and Derivatives such as Ricinoleic Acid, 12HSA, #1 Castor oil 40 EO, HCO and several others. We are known for being one of the largest and oldest Castor oil 40 EO importers and distributors found anywhere in the United States. As one of the leading Castor oil 40 EO suppliers, we can accommodate your company’s Castor oil 40 EO needs, whether you require a bulk shipment, a pallet or a full truckload. 

USES & APPLICATIONS
HCO is an extremely versatile oleochemical that has a number of industrial and manufacturing applications:CASE: Because of its excellent resistance to moisture, Castor oil 40 EO works extremely well as a viscosity modifier, and it also provides significant improvement in grease and oil resistance.Plastics: Castor oil 40 EO performs the role of a lubricant and release agent for PVC and improves processing, dispersion and grease resistance of sheeted polyethylene. It is also useful in the preparation of various polyurethane coating formulas.Personal Care: There are multiple Castor oil 40 EO uses in the manufacturing of personal care products, particularly as an emollient and thickening agent in ointments and deodorants, as well as hair care products and certain cosmetics.Waxes: Hydrogenated Caster Oil works as a binding agent in synthetic and petroleum waxes, as it makes the wax harder and more resistant to crumbling.Soaps and Detergents: Castor oil 40 EO is sometimes used as an emulsifying agent in liquid soaps and detergents to enhance the stability of the liquid formula.Textiles: HCO makes an effective processing agent in various textile manufacturing applications. 

What does it do?
Castor oil 40 EO is a hard, waxy substance with a unique structure. It works with the other oils and waxes in the antiperspirant base to give the stick a firm but spreadable consistency. In all cases, because Castor oil 40 EO is insoluble in water, it is not readily washed away.
In monolithic tablets, the core is either prepared by direct compression or by wet granulation followed by coating the core with water impermeable materials on all the faces except the face which is in contact with the mucosa. Water-impermeable materials include Teflon, ethyl cellulose, cellophane, Castor oil 40 EO, and so on. Such a system begins unidirectional drug flow toward the mucosa and avoids drug loss [163].
The results of Kurihara et al. (1996) indicate that Castor oil 40 EO (HCO)-60 emulsions, when compared with conventional lecithin-stabilized emulsions, are more stable to LPL and show low uptake by RES organs, long circulations in the plasma and high distribution in tumors. Lin et al. (1992) confirmed that Castor oil 40 EO-60 is a good emulsifier for the preparation of NE with better stability and prolonged and selective delivery properties. Thus, these sterically stabilized NEs could show potential as effective carriers for highly lipophilic antitumor agents to enhance the drug delivery in tumors. This was confirmed by Sakaeda et al. (1994) who found that the rate of selective delivery of Sudan II to liver, lungs, and spleen could be suppressed by using Castor oil 40 EO-60-based NE. Conversely, the use of saturated MCT in NE was the most effective way to increase blood concentration of Sudan II, resulting in higher distribution to liver, lungs, spleen, and brain (Sakaeda and Hirano, 1995). Furthermore, an o/w-type NE containing Castor oil 40 EO-60 was shown to be superior in the selective distribution of adriamycin-HCl to the liver and in decreasing concentration in heart and kidney (Yamaguchi et al., 1995). Again, Ueda et al. (2003) reported the effect of using a series of Castor oil 40 EOs having different oxyethylene numbers such as Castor oil 40 EO10, Castor oil 40 EO 20, Castor oil 40 EO 30, Castor oil 40 EO 60, and Castor oil 40 EO 100 on the pharmacokinetics of menatetrenone (vitamin K2) incorporated in SO (SO)–based NE in rats. Plasma half-life of menatetrenone after administration as the NE prepared by Castor oil 40 EO with 10 oxyethylene units (SO/Castor oil 40 EO 10) was similar to that after the administration as SO/egg yolk phosphatides (SO/EYP), but was shorter than that as the NEs prepared by Castor oil 40 EOs with >20 oxyethylene units (SO/Castor oil 40 EO 20, SO/Castor oil 40 EO 30, SO/Castor oil 40 EO 60, and SO/Castor oil 40 EO 100). These findings clearly demonstrate that 20 oxyethylene units in Castor oil 40 EOs are the minimum requirement for the prolongation of the plasma circulation time of the incorporated drug in SO/Castor oil 40 EOs NEs. The earlier described studies suggest the involvement of oil or structured lipids in the enhancement of systemic circulation of the NE.

Castor oil 40 EO is a multi-purpose vegetable oil that people have used for thousands of years.
It’s made by extracting oil from the seeds of the Ricinus communis plant.
These seeds, which are known as castor beans, contain a toxic enzyme called ricin. However, the heating process that Castor oil 40 EO undergoes deactivates it, allowing the oil to be used safely.
Castor oil 40 EO has a number of medicinal, industrial and pharmaceutical uses.
It’s commonly used as an additive in foods, medications and skin care products, as well as an industrial lubricant and biodiesel fuel component.
In ancient Egypt, Castor oil 40 EO was burned as fuel in lamps, used as a natural remedy to treat ailments like eye irritation and even given to pregnant women to stimulate labor.
Today, Castor oil 40 EO remains a popular natural treatment for common conditions like constipation and skin ailments and is commonly used in natural beauty products.

Castor oil 40 EO Precautions
Many people use Castor oil 40 EO to treat a variety of issues, either by ingesting the oil or applying it to the skin.
Although Castor oil 40 EO is generally considered safe, it can cause adverse reactions and unwanted side effects in some people.
Can induce labor: It’s used by medical professionals to induce birth. For this reason, women at all stages of pregnancy should avoid consuming Castor oil 40 EO.
Can cause diarrhea: While it can be an effective way to alleviate constipation, you may get diarrhea if you take too much. Diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Can cause allergic reactions: It may cause an allergic reaction in some people when applied to the skin. First try applying a small amount to a tiny patch of skin to see how your body reacts.
Castor oil 40 EO can cause side effects, such as allergic reactions and diarrhea, in some people. It can also induce labor, so pregnant women should avoid it.
The Bottom Line
People have used Castor oil 40 EO for thousands of years as a powerful natural treatment for a variety of health issues.
It has been shown to help relieve constipation and moisturize dry skin, among many other uses.
If you are searching for an affordable, multi-purpose oil to keep in your medicine cabinet, Castor oil 40 EO may be a good choice.

Dehydrated Castor oil 40 EO is an unique drying oil, which imparts good flexibility, fine gloss, toughness, adhesion, chemical and water resistance to the dry paint film with non-yellowing properties. Castor oil 40 EO is a very suitable and even better substitute for Linseed oil. Paints with Castor oil 40 EO are super white and offer superior finish.
Dehydrated Castor oil 40 EO is used as a primary binder for house paints, enamels, caulks, sealants and inks. In “cooked” varnishes it is combined with all the basic resins, rosins, rosin-esters, hydrocarbons and phenolics to produce clear varnishes and vehicles for pigmented coatings. Castor oil 40 EO is also used in the manufacturing of lithographic inks, linoleum, putty and phenolic resins.
Castor oil 40 EO is used with phenolics to obtain fast drying coatings with maximum alkali resistance as required in sanitary can lining, corrosion resistant coatings, traffic paints, varnishes, ink vehicles, wire enamels, aluminium paint appliance finishes and marine finishes.
Castor oil 40 EO is also used to obtain fast kettling rate which gives lighter colour and lower acid varnishes.

Castor oil 40 EO is a release and antisticking agent used in hard candy pro- duction. its concentration is not to exceed 500 ppm. it is used in vitamin and mineral tablets, and as a component of protective coatings.
Castor oil 40 EO is a highly emollient carrier oil that penetrates the skin easily, leaving it soft and supple. It also serves to bind the different ingredients of a cosmetic formulation together. Castor oil 40 EO is high in glycerin esters of ricinoleic acid (an unsaturated fatty acid). It is rarely, if ever, associated with irritation of the skin or allergic reactions. It is obtained through cold-pressing from seeds or beans of the Ricinus communis (Castor oil 40 EO) plant. Impure Castor oil 40 EO may cause irritation, as the seeds contain a toxic substance that is eliminated during processing. Its unpleasant odor makes it difficult to use in cosmetics.
PEG-30 Castor oil 40 EO, -30 Castor oil 40 EO (hydrogenated), -40 Castor oil 40 EO, -40 Castor oil 40 EO (hydrogenated) are emollients, detergents, emulsifiers, and oil-in-water solubilizers recommended for fragrance oils, and for other oils that may be difficult to solubilize. The -40 Castor oil 40 EO version is a powerful solubilizer for solubilizing essential oils and perfumes in oil-in-water creams and lotions. It is similar to Peg-30 Castor oil 40 EO but denser, being a soft paste rather than a liquid. The hydrogenated version is particularly used as a nonionic emulsifier for essential oils and perfumes.

Castor oil 40 EO is widely used in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceutical formulations. In pharmaceutical formulations, Castor oil 40 EO is most commonly used in topical creams and ointments at concentrations of 5–12.5%. However, it is also used in oral tablet and capsule formulations, ophthalmic emulsions, and as a solvent in intramuscular injections.
Therapeutically, Castor oil 40 EO has been administered orally for its laxative action, but such use is now obsolete.
Castor oil 40 EO is used in cosmetics and foods and orally, parenterally, and topically in pharmaceutical formulations. It is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material when used as an excipient.
Castor oil 40 EO has been used therapeutically as a laxative and oral administration of large quantities may cause nausea, vomiting, colic, and severe purgation. It should not be given when intestinal obstruction is present.
Although widely used in topical preparations, including ophthalmic formulations, Castor oil 40 EO has been associated with some reports of allergic contact dermatitis, mainly to cosmetics such as lipsticks.
Castor oil 40 EO is stable and does not turn rancid unless subjected to excessive heat. On heating at 3008℃ for several hours, Castor oil 40 EO polymerizes and becomes soluble in mineral oil. When cooled to 08℃, it becomes more viscous.
Castor oil 40 EO should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 258℃ in well-filled airtight containers protected from light.

Castor oil 40 EO is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans.[1] Castor oil 40 EO is a colourless to very pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor. Its boiling point is 313 °C (595 °F) and its density is 0.961 g/cm3.[2] It includes a mixture of triglycerides in which approximately 90 percent of fatty acid chains are ricinoleates. Oleate and linoleates are the other significant components.
Castor oil 40 EO and its derivatives are used in the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, hydraulic and brake fluids, paints, dyes, coatings, inks, cold resistant plastics, waxes and polishes, nylon, pharmaceuticals and perfumes.

Composition
Structure of the major component of Castor oil 40 EO: triester of glycerol and ricinoleic acid
Castor oil 40 EO is well known as a source of ricinoleic acid, a monounsaturated, 18-carbon fatty acid. Among fatty acids, ricinoleic acid is unusual in that it has a hydroxyl functional group on the 12th carbon. This functional group causes ricinoleic acid (and Castor oil 40 EO) to be more polar than most fats. The chemical reactivity of the alcohol group also allows chemical derivatization that is not possible with most other seed oils. Because of its ricinoleic acid content, Castor oil 40 EO is a valuable chemical in feedstocks, commanding a higher price than other seed oils. As an example, in July 2007, Indian Castor oil 40 EO sold for about US$0.90 per kilogram (US$0.41 per pound) whereas U.S. soybean, sunflower and canola oils sold for about US$0.30 per kilogram (US$0.14 per pound).

Traditional medicine
Advertisement of Castor oil 40 EO as a medicine by Scott & Bowne Company, 19th century
Use of Castor oil 40 EO as a laxative is attested to in the circa 1550 BC Ebers Papyrus,[11] and was in use several centuries earlier.[12] The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has categorized Castor oil 40 EO as "generally recognized as safe and effective" (GRASE) for over-the-counter use as a laxative with its major site of action the small intestine, where it is digested into ricinoleic acid.
Although used in traditional medicine to induce labor in pregnant women, there is insufficient evidence that Castor oil 40 EO is effective to dilate the cervix or induce labor.
Castor oil 40 EO, or a Castor oil 40 EO derivative such as Kolliphor EL (polyethoxylated Castor oil 40 EO, a nonionic surfactant), is an excipient added to prescription drugs, including:
Miconazole, an antifungal agent;
Paclitaxel, a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy;
Sandimmune (cyclosporine injection, USP), an immunosuppressant drug widely used in connection with organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system;
Nelfinavir mesylate, an HIV protease inhibitor;
Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressive drug (contains HCO-60, polyoxyl 60 hydrogenated Castor oil 40 EO);
Xenaderm ointment, a topical treatment for skin ulcers, is a combination of Balsam of Peru, Castor oil 40 EO, and trypsin;
Aci-Jel (composed of ricinoleic acid from Castor oil 40 EO, with acetic acid and oxyquinoline), used to maintain the acidity of the vagina;
Optive Plus (carboxymethylcellulose, Castor oil 40 EO) and Refresh Ultra (glycerine, Castor oil 40 EO), artificial tears to treat dry eye;
Castor oil 40 EO is also one of the components of Vishnevsky liniment.

Uses
Annually 270,000–360,000 tonnes (600–800 million pounds) of Castor oil 40 EO are produced for a variety of uses.
Food and preservative
In the food industry, food grade Castor oil 40 EO is used in food additives, flavorings, candy (e.g., polyglycerol polyricinoleate or PGPR in chocolate), as a mold inhibitor, and in packaging. Polyoxyethylated Castor oil 40 EO (e.g., Kolliphor EL) is also used in the food industries.
In India, Pakistan and Nepal food grains are preserved by the application of Castor oil 40 EO. It stops rice, wheat, and pulses from rotting. For example, the legume pigeon pea is commonly available coated in oil for extended storage.

Alternative medicinal use
In naturopathy, Castor oil 40 EO is promoted as a treatment for several human health conditions,[24] including cysts. According to the American Cancer Society, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that Castor oil 40 EO on the skin cures cancer or any other disease.
Skin and hair care
Castor oil 40 EO has been used in cosmetic products included in creams and as a moisturizer. Small amounts of Castor oil 40 EO are frequently used in cold process soap to increase lathering in the finished bar. It also has been used to enhance hair conditioning in other products and for supposed anti-dandruff properties.

Coatings
Castor oil 40 EO is used as a bio-based polyol in the polyurethane industry. The average functionality (number of hydroxyl groups per triglyceride molecule) of Castor oil 40 EO is 2.7, so it is widely used as a rigid polyol and in coatings.[1] One particular use is in a polyurethane concrete where a castor-oil emulsion is reacted with an isocyanate (usually polymeric MDI methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) and a cement and construction aggregate. This is applied fairly thickly as a slurry which is self-levelling. This base is usually further coated with other systems to build a resilient floor.
It is not a drying oil, meaning that it has a low reactivity with air compared to oils such as linseed oil and tung oil. Dehydration of Castor oil 40 EO yields linoleic acids, which do have drying properties.[1] In this process, the OH group on the ricinoleic acid along with a hydrogen from the next carbon atom are removed yielding a double bond which then has oxidative cross-linking properties yielding the drying oil.

Precursor to industrial chemicals
Castor oil 40 EO can be broken down into other chemical compounds that have numerous applications. Transesterification followed by steam cracking gives undecylenic acid, a precursor to specialized polymer nylon 11, and heptanal, a component in fragrances. Breakdown of Castor oil 40 EO in strong base gives 2-octanol, both a fragrance component and a specialized solvent, and the dicarboxylic acid sebacic acid. Hydrogenation of Castor oil 40 EO saturates the alkenes, giving a waxy lubricant.[1] Castor oil 40 EO may be epoxidized by reacting the OH groups with epichlorohydrin to make the triglycidyl ether of Castor oil 40 EO which is useful in epoxy technology.[32] This is available commercially as Heloxy.
The production of lithium grease consumes a significant amount of Castor oil 40 EO. Hydrogenation and saponification of Castor oil 40 EO yields 12-hydroxystearic acid which is then reacted with lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate to give high performance lubricant grease.
Since it has a relatively high dielectric constant (4.7), highly refined and dried Castor oil 40 EO is sometimes used as a dielectric fluid within high performance high voltage capacitors.

Lubrication
Vegetable oils like Castor oil 40 EO are typically unattractive alternatives to petroleum-derived lubricants because of their poor oxidative stability. Castor oil 40 EO has better low-temperature viscosity properties and high-temperature lubrication than most vegetable oils, making it useful as a lubricant in jet, diesel, and racing engines.[37] The viscosity of Castor oil 40 EO at 10 °C is 2,420 centipoise.[38] However, Castor oil 40 EO tends to form gums in a short time, and therefore its usefulness is limited to engines that are regularly rebuilt, such as racing engines. The lubricant company Castrol took its name from Castor oil 40 EO.
Castor oil 40 EO has been suggested as a lubricant for bicycle pumps because it does not degrade natural rubber seals.

Early aviation and aeromodelling
World War I aviation rotary engines used Castor oil 40 EO as a primary lubricant, mixed with the fuel
Castor oil 40 EO was the preferred lubricant for rotary engines, such as the Gnome engine after that engine's widespread adoption for aviation in Europe in 1909. It was used almost universally in rotary engined Allied aircraft in World War I. Germany had to make do with inferior ersatz oil for its rotary engines, which resulted in poor reliability.
The methanol-fueled two-cycle glow plug engines used for aeromodelling, since their adoption by model airplane hobbyists in the 1940s, have used varying percentages of Castor oil 40 EO as a lubricant. It is highly resistant to degradation when the engine has its fuel-air mixture leaned for maximum engine speed. Gummy residues can still be a problem for aeromodelling powerplants lubricated with Castor oil 40 EO, however, usually requiring eventual replacement of ball bearings when the residue accumulates within the engine's bearing races. One British manufacturer of sleeve valved four-cycle model engines has stated the "varnish" created by using Castor oil 40 EO in small percentages can improve the pneumatic seal of the sleeve valve, improving such an engine's performance over time.
Turkey red oil, also called sulphonated (or sulfated) Castor oil 40 EO, is made by adding sulfuric acid to vegetable oils, most notably Castor oil 40 EO.[43] It was the first synthetic detergent after ordinary soap. It is used in formulating lubricants, softeners, and dyeing assistants.[43]

Biodiesel
Castor oil 40 EO, like currently less expensive vegetable oils, can be used as feedstock in the production of biodiesel. The resulting fuel is superior for cold winters, because of its exceptionally low cloud point and pour point.
Initiatives to grow more castor for energy production, in preference to other oil crops, are motivated by social considerations. Tropical subsistence farmers would gain a cash crop.

Punishment
Some parents punished children with a dose of Castor oil 40 EO. Physicians recommended against the practice because they did not want medicines associated with punishment.
A heavy dose of Castor oil 40 EO could be used as a humiliating punishment for adults. Colonial officials used it in the British Raj (India) to deal with recalcitrant servants. Belgian military officials prescribed heavy doses of Castor oil 40 EO in Belgian Congo as a punishment for being too sick to work.
The most famous use as punishment came in Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini. It was a favorite tool used by the Blackshirts to intimidate and humiliate their opponents. Political dissidents were force-fed large quantities of Castor oil 40 EO by Fascist squads. This technique was said to have been originated by Gabriele D'Annunzio or Italo Balbo.[54] Victims of this treatment did sometimes die, as the dehydrating effects of the oil-induced diarrhea often complicated the recovery from the nightstick beating they also received along with the Castor oil 40 EO; however, even those victims who survived had to bear the humiliation of the laxative effects resulting from excessive consumption of the oil.[55] It is believed that the Nazi SA used this torture method against German Jews shortly after the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in 1933.[56]
It is said that Mussolini's power was backed by "the bludgeon and Castor oil 40 EO".[55] In lesser quantities, Castor oil 40 EO was also used as an instrument of intimidation, for example, to discourage civilians or soldiers who would call in sick either in the factory or in the military. It took decades after Mussolini's death before the myth of Castor oil 40 EO as a panacea for a wide range of diseases and medical conditions was totally demystified, as it was also widely administered to pregnant women and elderly or mentally ill patients in hospitals in the false belief it had no negative side effects.
Today, the Italian terms manganello and olio di ricino, even used separately, still carry strong political connotations (especially the latter). These words are still used to satirize patronizing politicians, or the authors of disliked legislation. They should be used with caution in common conversation. The terms Usare l'olio di ricino, ("to use Castor oil 40 EO") and usare il manganello ("to use the bludgeon") mean "to coerce or abuse", and can be misunderstood in the absence of proper context.
Also in Greece, during the 4th of August Regime, Castor oil 40 EO was used as a form of punishment.

Safety
The castor seed contains ricin, a toxic lectin. Heating during the oil extraction process denatures and deactivates the lectin. However, harvesting castor beans may not be without risk.[58] The International Castor oil 40 EO Association FAQ document states that castor beans contain an allergenic compound called CB1A. This chemical is described as being virtually non-toxic but has the capacity to sensitize people with hypersensitivity. The allergen may be neutralized by treatment with a variety of alkaline agents. The allergen is not present in the Castor oil 40 EO itself. These health issues, in addition to concerns about the toxic byproduct (ricin) from Castor oil 40 EO production, have encouraged the quest for alternative sources for hydroxy fatty acids. Alternatively, some researchers are trying to genetically modify the castor plant to prevent the synthesis of ricin. 
Since Castor oil 40 EO is sometimes used to induce labor in full-term pregnancies (scientific evidence of its effectiveness is lacking, however), consuming Castor oil 40 EO to treat constipation is not considered safe in pregnancies that are not at full term yet, as it may cause contractions of the womb.
Castor oil 40 EO is a translucent liquid with a yellow tint. It is an active ingredient in a wide variety of household items, from cleaning products to paints.
It has also been used to treat a range of medical conditions, most notably digestive issues.
Castor oil 40 EO is broken down into ricinoleic acid in the small intestine. This speeds up the process of digestion. Although the evidence is less conclusive, Castor oil 40 EO has also demonstrated some potential benefits for the face and skin.
Castor oil 40 EO and ricinoleic acid are thought to increase absorption in the skin and are sometimes used in the treatment of various skin conditions, including dermatosis, psoriasis, and acne. There are also anecdotal reports of Castor oil 40 EO promoting hair growth, including eyelashes, though no scientific literature that supports this.
By serving as a source of ricinoleic acid and several other fatty acids, Castor oil 40 EO has some properties that make it a useful skincare product, particularly for the face.

Synonyms:
DEHYDRATED CASTOR OIL; CASTOR OIL; CASTOR OIL DAB-10; 40 eo; 40 mol; CASTOR OIL(DEHYDRATE); FEMA 2263; CASTOR OIL FCC; CASTOR OIL REFINED, PURISS., PH-QUALITY; Castor oil, oxidized; castor wax; castorwax; castorwax MP-70; castorwax MP-70 flake; castorwax MP-70 solid; castorwax MP-80; castorwaxNF; kaowax 85 P; hydrogenated ricinus communis oil; thixcin E; unitina HR; Castor Oil, hydrogenated; Hidrojene Hintyağı Yağı; Hydrogenated Castor Oil; HCO; Hydrogenated Castor Oil 40 eo; Glyceryl tris(12-hydroxystearate); 139-44-6; Thixin R; Trihydroxystearin; Glycerol tris(12-hydroxystearate); Thixcin E; Thixcin R; Trixcin R; Tixcin R; 12-Hydroxystearic acid triglyceride; Tri-12-hydroxystearin; 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid; glyceryl ester; Octadecanoic acid; 12-hydroxy-, triester with glycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriyl tris(12-hydroxyoctadecanoate); 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, triester with glycerol; NSC2389; Castor oil, hydrogenated; Hydrogenated castor oil (hidrojene hint yağı); Octadecanoic acid; 12-hydroxy 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester; Propane-1,2,3-triyl tris(12-hydroxyoctadecanoate); Hydrogenated castor oil; Castorwax; Castorwax NF; Rice syn wax; Unitina HR; Castorwax MP-70; Castorwax MP-80, Castor oil hydrogenated; Caswell No. 486A, Olio di ricino idrogenato; UNII-ZF94AP8MEY; Castor oil, hydrogenated [NF]; 8001-78-3, UNII-06YD7896S3, 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoyloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate; EINECS 232-292-2; Olio di ricino idrogenato [Italian], EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 031604; Glyceryl tri(12-hydroxystearate); NSC-2389, Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, 1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester; 06YD7896S3; Octadecanoic acid, triester with glycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol tri(12-hydroxystearate), FT-0623513; W-108215; 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester; Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-; 1,2, 3-propanetriyl ester; 2,3-Bis((12-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)oxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate; HİNT YAĞI; HİNT YAGI; YAĞ; HINT; HİNT; CASTOR OIL 40 eo, HYDROGENATED; CASTORWAX; CASTORWAX MP-70; CASTORWAX MP-80; CASTORWAX NF; OLIO DI RICINO IDROGENATO (ITALIAN); RICE SYN WAX; UNITINA HR; HYDROGENATEDCASTOROIL; HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL; HYDROGENATED CASTOROIL; HİDROJENEHİNTYAĞI; HİDROJENE HİNT YAĞI; HİDROJENE HİNTYAĞI; hydrogenatedcastoroil; hydrogenated castor oil; Hydrogenated castor oil (hidrojene hint yağı); hydrogenatedcastoroil; hidrojenehint yağı; hidrojenehintyağı; hidrojene hint yağı; hidrojene hintyağı; castor oil hydrogenated; castor oil; hydrogenated; castor wax; castorwax; castorwax MP-70; castorwax MP-70 flake; castorwax MP-70 solid; castorwax MP-80; castorwaxNF; kaowax 85 P; hydrogenated ricinus communis oil; thixcin E; unitina HR; Castor Oil, hydrogenated; Hidrojene Hintyağı Yağı; Hydrogenated Castor Oil; HCO; Hydrogenated Castor Oil; Glyceryl tris(12-hydroxystearate); 139-44-6; Thixin R; Trihydroxystearin; Glycerol tris(12-hydroxystearate); Thixcin E; Thixcin R; Trixcin R; Tixcin R; 12-Hydroxystearic acid triglyceride; Tri-12-hydroxystearin; 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid; glyceryl ester; Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, triester with glycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriyl tris(12-hydroxyoctadecanoate); 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, triester with glycerol; NSC2389; Castor oil, hydrogenated; Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester; Propane-1,2,3-triyl tris(12-hydroxyoctadecanoate); Hydrogenated castor oil; Castorwax; Castorwax NF; Rice syn wax; Unitina HR; Castorwax MP-70; Castorwax MP-80; Castor oil hydrogenated; Caswell No. 486A, Olio di ricino idrogenato; UNII-ZF94AP8MEY, Castor oil, hydrogenated [NF], 8001-78-3, UNII-06YD7896S3, 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoyloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate; NSC 2389, EINECS 205-364-6; EINECS 232-292-2; Olio di ricino idrogenato [Italian]; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 031604; AI3-19740, ZF94AP8MEY; EC 232-292-2, SCHEMBL296177, DTXSID3051701, Glyceryl tri(12-hydroxystearate); NSC-2389; Octadecanoic acid; 12-hydroxy-, 1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester; 06YD7896S3; Octadecanoic acid, triester with glycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol tri(12-hydroxystearate), FT-0623513; W-108215; 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester; Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, 1,2, 3-propanetriyl ester; 2,3-Bis((12-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)oxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate; Glyceryl tris(12-hydroxystearate), Trihydroxystearin,139-44-6,Thixin R,Glycerol tris(12-hydroxystearate),Thixcin E,Thixcin R,Trixcin R; Tixcin R,12-Hydroxystearic acid triglyceride; UNII-06YD7896S3; Tri-12-hydroxystearin; 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid; glyceryl ester; Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, triester with glycerol,1,2,3-Propanetriyl tris(12-hydroxyoctadecanoate),12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, triester with glycerol; Castor oil 40 eo, hydrogenated; Octadecanoic acid; 12-hydroxy-, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester,Propane-1,2,3triyl tris(12-hydroxyoctadecanoate); Hydrogenated castor oil (hidrojene hint yağı); Hydrogenated castor oil; Castorwax; Castorwax NF,Rice syn wax,Unitina HR,Castorwax MP-70,Castorwax MP-80,Castor oil hydrogenated, Caswell No. 486A, Olio di ricino idrogenato; UNII-ZF94AP8MEY; Castor oil, hydrogenated [NF]; 8001-78-3; 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoyloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate; NSC 2389; EINECS 205-364-6,EINECS 232-292-2,Olio di ricino idrogenato [Italian],EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 031604,AI3-19740,ZF94AP8MEY,EC 232-292-2; SCHEMBL296177; DTXSID3051701; Glyceryl tri(12-hydroxystearate),NSC-2389,Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, 1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester; Octadecanoic acid; triester with glycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol tri(12-hydroxystearate); FT-0623513,NS00014172,W-108215,12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester,Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, 1,2, 3-propanetriyl ester; 2,3-Bis((12-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)oxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate; TRIHYDROXYSTEARIN; 1,2,3-propanetriyl tris(12-hydroxyoctadecanoate)