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CAUSTIC SODA FLAKES

Caustic soda flakes are a high-purity alkaline material widely used in industrial processing and chemical manufacturing.
Caustic soda flakes are commonly used in pulp and paper production, water treatment, petroleum refining, and soap manufacturing.
Caustic soda flakes also serve as a key raw material in numerous inorganic and organic chemical processes.

CAS Number: 1310-73-2
EC Number: 215-185-5
Molecular Formula: NaOH
Molecular Weight: 40.00 g/mol

Synonyms: Synonyms, Caustic Soda, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Hydroxide Flakes, Caustic soda flakes, Lye, Soda Lye, White Caustic, Hydrated Sodium Oxide, Sodium Hydrate, Sodium Hydroxide Solid, NaOH Flakes, Solid Caustic Soda, Industrial Caustic Soda, Alkali Soda, Sodium Hydroxide 99%, Caustic Alkali, Sodium Hydroxide Pearls, Sodium Hydroxide Pellets, Sodium Hydroxide Anhydrous

Caustic soda flakes are a solid form of sodium hydroxide.
Caustic soda flakes are free from foreign matter, dirt or other visible impurities.

Caustic soda flakes are widely used in the textile, soaps and detergents, pulp and paper industries and in alumina refineries.
Caustic soda flakes are an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH.
Caustic soda flakes are a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na+ and hydroxide anions OH−.

Caustic soda flakes are a chemical compound with the formula NaOH.
Caustic soda flakes are a potent substance in the form of a white solid that dissolves in water and forms an alkaline solution.

Caustic soda flakes are generally referred to as the pure form of NaOH, which is usually found as a solid sheet (or granules) and is white in color.
Caustic soda flakes are widely used in many industries and is known as one of the basic materials in chemistry laboratories.

Caustic soda flakes are used in industrial processes such as paper production, aluminum refining, detergent production, water treatment processes, and in the manufacture of chemical products.
Caustic soda flakes should be used carefully as it can cause chemical burns.
Caustic soda flakes must be of sufficient purity and quality to be technically and operationally suitable.

Caustic soda flakes are a caustic metallic base.
Caustic soda flakes are used in many industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps, detergents, drain cleaner and in the refining of vegetable oils.

Caustic soda flakes are a white solid available in pellets, flakes, granules, and as a 50% saturated solution.
Caustic soda flakes are hygroscopic and readily absorbs water from the air, so it should be stored in an airtight container.

Caustic soda flakes are very soluble in water with liberation of heat.
Caustic soda flakes also dissolves in ethanol and methanol, though it exhibits lower solubility in these solvents than does Potassium Hydroxide.

Caustic soda flakes are also a strong base, but the high temperature required limited applications.
Caustic soda flakes are insoluble in ether and other non-polar solvents.
A sodium hydroxide solution will leave a yellow stain on fabric and paper.

Caustic soda flakes are known chemically as sodium hydroxide.
Caustic soda flakes are called caustic soda because of its burning or caustic effect on the skin.
Caustic soda flakes are one of the basic raw materials of the great alkali industry which, in itself, is one of the most important parts of the chemical industry.

Caustic soda flakes are produced commercially in either of two ways, the electrolysis of brine or the Soda-Lime Process.
Pure caustic soda is a white solid that is very soluble in water.

Caustic soda flakes are deliquescent, absorbing water from the air and dissolving in it.
In this way it is carried in bulk as a 50% or 70% solution; Caustic soda flakes are known as caustic soda liquor and is a colourless or grey, syrupy liquid with a slight characteristic odour.

Caustic soda flakes are a caustic alkali (strong base) which attacks and decomposes organic matter.
Caustic soda flakes dissolves wool and silk and eventually reacts with cellulose to form a compound from which viscous rayon is manufactured.
Caustic soda flakes reacts with fats to form soaps, dissolving fat and grease.

Caustic soda flakes are white and highly hygroscopic solids that dissolve readily in water and alcohol.
With the chemical formula NaOH, these flakes are produced through the evaporation of liquid caustic soda.

Caustic soda flakes are an inorganic chemical compound belonging to the strongest alkali.
In solid form, Caustic soda flakes are a white substance with crystalline appearance (flakes).

Caustic soda flakes have hygroscopic properties.
Caustic soda flakes are perfectly soluble in water, forming corrosive soda lye, which is accompanied by the release of significant amounts of heat.

Caustic soda flakes are produced in the process of membrane electrolysis.
Among the chemical properties differentiating the product from the competition, the low chloride content (<200 ppm) and iron (<15 ppm) are noteworthy.

In the production process only inorganic compounds are used.
Thus, Caustic soda flakes can meet Kosher requirements.

Caustic soda flakes are successfully used in such industries as chemical, textiles, household chemistry, pulp and paper, rubber, or pharmaceuticals.
The food industry participates in the cleaning process of the plant.

Caustic soda flakes are one of the basic raw materials used in almost every industry.
Caustic soda flakes are used in the cosmetics industry in the production of hard (sodium) soap, detergent, exfoliating masks (peeling, chemical dermabrasion) and aseptic.

In the petrochemical industry, Caustic soda flakes are used for the refining of crude oil, mineral oils, pitches and asphalts, and the extraction of shale gas.
In refineries and coking plants, Caustic soda flakes are used to modify products derived from coking coal.
In the steel and metallurgical industries Caustic soda flakes are involved in the process of obtaining aluminum from bauxite processing.

Caustic soda flakes are also widely used in the paper and cellulose industry in the process of pulping wood used for the production of paper or regenerated cellulose fibres.
Together with sodium sulphate, Caustic soda flakes are a key component of the white liquor solution used to separate lignin from cellulose fibers in the Kraft process.

Caustic soda flakes also plays an important role in several subsequent stages of bleaching the brown pulp resulting from the pulping process.
These steps include oxygen delignification, oxidative extraction and simple extraction, all of which require a strong alkaline environment with pH> 10.5 at the end of the steps.

In the construction industry, Caustic soda flakes are used in several plasticiser cement mixes.
Caustic soda flakes helps to homogenize cement mixes, preventing segregation of sands and cement, reducing the amount of water needed for mixing.

Caustic soda flakes are also used in the production of waterglass.
Caustic soda flakes are an important raw material in the process of producing pigments and dyes for dyes - e.g., titanium dioxide.

Caustic soda flakes are an important ingredient in the production of surfactants, washing liquids, and powders, degreasers and water softeners.
In liquid form is a component of various detergents.

In the textile industry Caustic soda flakes are used in the production of dyes and rayon.
In water treatment processes by increasing the pH, water has a less corrosive effect on the water installation and additionally reduces the content of lead, copper, and other toxic metals that can dissolve in drinking water.

Sodium hydroxide solid as well as liquid form is widely used in agriculture.
Caustic soda flakes are used in livestock breeding and disinfection of farm premises (stables, cowsheds, poultry houses, sheds, storage rooms), milking equipment and containers for transporting and storing dairy products.
Caustic soda flakes are used in fruit farming to plant disease control (e.g., fungal plant pathogen known as Nectria galligena) and in the protection of grape vines, while in beekeeping, for hives cleaning.

Caustic soda flakes are an inorganic chemical compound belonging to the strongest alkali.
In solid form, Caustic soda flakes are a white substance with crystalline appearance (flakes).

Caustic soda flakes have hygroscopic properties.
Caustic soda flakes are perfectly soluble in water, forming corrosive soda lye, which is accompanied by the release of significant amounts of heat.

In the production process only inorganic compounds are used that do not contain substances of animal or vegetable origin.
Thanks to this factor product can meet the requirements of Kosher.

Caustic soda flakes p.a. applies, among others in chemical methods of quantitative analysis, e.g. alkacymetry, in instrumental analysis, in classical methods of qualitative analysis, e.g. for the detection of copper, cadmium and lead cations.

Caustic soda flakes are a colorless, crystalline solid that melts at 318 °C without decomposition.
Caustic soda flakes are highly soluble in water, has a lower solubility in ethanol and methanol, but is insoluble in ether and other non-polar solvents.

Similar to the hydration of sulfuric acid, dissolving solid sodium hydroxide in water is an extremely exothermic reaction in which a large amount of heat is released, posing a safety hazard with the possibility of splashing.
The resulting solution is usually colorless and odorless.
As with other alkaline solutions, Caustic soda flakes becomes slippery upon contact with skin.

Sodium hydroxide reacts with protic acids to produce water and associated salts.

For example, when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride is formed:
NaOH (aqueous) + HCl (aqueous) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l)

In general, such neutralization reactions are represented by a simple net ionic equation:
OH⁻ (aq) + H⁺ (aqueous) → H₂O (l)

This type of reaction with a strong acid releases heat and is therefore exothermic.
These acid-base reactions can also be used for titrations.
However, sodium hydroxide is not used as a primary standard because it is hygroscopic and absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.

Caustic soda flakes are a white, hygroscopic substance.
Caustic soda flakes dissolves readily in water, forming a soft, slippery, and soapy-feeling solution.

Caustic soda flakes have an irritating effect on human tissue.
In the laboratory, Caustic soda flakes are used to capture acidic gases such as CO2.

Caustic soda flakes are used in industry for the production of many chemicals, in the artificial silk, soap, paper, paint, and detergent industries, and in petroleum refineries.
When it reacts with water, Caustic soda flakes's temperature rises to 50 degrees Celsius in about 5 minutes and remains hot for about 15 minutes.

Caustic soda flakes are one of the most important and practical chemical derivatives used in various fields and applications.
Baking soda, with the chemical formula NaOH, a molecular weight of 39 grams, and a melting point of 323°C at room temperature, is in the form of white crystals.

Caustic soda flakes are odorless and absorbs moisture from the air.
Caustic soda flakes are used in the production of soap, paper, explosives, paints, and petroleum products.
Caustic soda flakes are also used in cotton and metal processing, washing and bleaching, oxide coatings, and electroplating.

Caustic soda flakes are available in different categories, and each type, based on purity and applications, plays a vital role in industrial and research processes in industries and laboratories.
Caustic soda flakes are used as an important additive in food production (livestock, poultry, and humans).
Due to its antibacterial and preservative properties, Caustic soda flakes can improve the quality and shelf life of foods, reduce waste, and extend the life of food products.

Applications of Caustic Soda Flakes:
Caustic soda flakes are utilized across various industries, including organic synthesis, petroleum refining, textile manufacturing for viscose silk production and fabric bleaching, the paper and aniline industries, soap production aluminum and sodium metal manufacturing, soluble glass production, and in the creation of alkaline accumulators.
Caustic soda flakes are used in acid control, odor removal, pipe cleaning, pH balancing).
Caustic soda flakes are used as an adhesive, in heat-sensitive printing, in newsprint).

Caustic soda flakes are used in the production of Sodium Aluminate, Sodium Cyanide, Silicate, Polycarbonate, Titanium Oxide, Zeolite.
Caustic soda flakes are used in removing residues in the final product, in bleaching.

Caustic soda flakes are used in the production of STTP, Sodium Hypochlorite, Soap, Oven and Pipe Cleaner).
Caustic soda flakes are used in the production of Sodium Phenolate [aspirin and antiseptic]).

Caustic soda flakes are used in refining edible oil, peeling fruits and vegetables, in freezing.
Caustic soda flakes are used in oil cleaning, water purification, equipment cleaning.

Caustic soda flakes are used in removing acid residues in refined products, in the extraction of phenols, in pH balancing in drilling mud, in calcium in drilling and in removing bactericides.
In filter cleaning (in filter pools) and in cleaning acid units in mines.

In addition, Caustic soda flakes are used to adjust the pH value of sodium cyanide. (In acid control, odor removal, pipe cleaning, pH balancing).
Caustic soda flakes are used as an adhesive, in heat-sensitive printing, in newsprint).

Caustic soda flakes are used in the production of Sodium Aluminate, Sodium Cyanide, Silicate, Polycarbonate, Titanium Oxide, Zeolite).
Caustic soda flakes are used in removing residues in the final product, in bleaching.

Caustic soda flakes are used in refining edible oil, peeling fruits and vegetables, freezing.
Caustic soda flakes are used in oil cleaning, water purification, equipment cleaning.
Caustic soda flakes are used also in adjusting the pH value of Sodium Cyanide used Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) or Lime Calcium hydroxide is used.

Main Applications:

Pulp and Paper (Kraft Process):
Utilizes the strong alkalinity of NaOH to separate lignin from cellulose in wood.
Caustic soda flakes dissolves lignin at high temperatures, leaving behind pure pulp fibers used to produce kraft paper, corrugated cardboard, and high-quality sanitary paper products.

Textiles and Rayon:

Mercerization:
Cotton fabrics are immersed in a concentrated NaOH solution to swell the fibers and enhance their strength, luster, and dye absorption capacity.

Viscose Fiber:
Caustic soda flakes are used in the production of rayon and cellophane.

Petroleum and Natural Gas Refining:
Caustic soda flakes are used to remove mercaptans and naphthenic acids from crude oil, thereby reducing the acid value; also used to adjust pH levels in drilling mud and inhibit bacterial growth.

Water Treatment (pH Adjustment and Heavy Metal Precipitation):
Adjusts the pH of municipal water supplies or industrial wastewater to a neutral level (around 7.0) and reacts with heavy metals (such as copper, lead, and cadmium) in wastewater to form insoluble hydroxide precipitates, facilitating their removal via filtration.

Benefits of Caustic Soda Flakes:

Highly Efficient:
Caustic soda flakes provides a strong alkaline solution, making it effective in breaking down organic compounds.

Cost-Effective:
A widely available chemical, Caustic soda flakes are affordable for industrial use.

Versatility:
Applicable across multiple industries including textiles, paper, and food processing.

Environmental Application:
Caustic soda flakes are used in wastewater treatment, helping to clean and maintain environmental standards.

Stability and Reactivity of Caustic Soda Flakes:

Chemical Stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Reactivity:
Reacts strongly with acids and may react with certain metals to release flammable hydrogen gas.

Conditions to Avoid:
Moisture, water contact during uncontrolled handling, excessive heat, and incompatible materials.

Incompatible Materials:
Acids, ammonium salts, aluminum, zinc, tin, and other reactive metals.

Handling and Storage of Caustic Soda Flakes:

Safe Handling:
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing and prevent formation of dust.

Storage Conditions:
Store tightly closed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area protected from moisture and incompatible substances.

First Aid Measures of Caustic Soda Flakes:

Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air and obtain medical attention if irritation or breathing difficulty occurs.

Skin Contact:
Immediately wash with plenty of water and remove contaminated clothing.
Seek medical attention for burns.

Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and obtain urgent medical attention.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, and seek immediate medical attention.

Firefighting Measures of Caustic Soda Flakes:

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use extinguishing media appropriate for the surrounding fire.

Specific Hazards:
Product itself is not combustible, but contact with certain metals may generate flammable hydrogen gas.

Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear chemical-resistant protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus where necessary.

Accidental Release Measures of Caustic Soda Flakes:

Personal Precautions:
Avoid contact, dust formation, and inhalation.
Wear suitable protective equipment.

Cleanup Methods:
Carefully collect dry material into suitable containers while avoiding moisture and dust generation.

Environmental Precautions:
Prevent release into drains, surface water, and soil.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Caustic Soda Flakes:

Engineering Controls:
Provide adequate ventilation and suitable eyewash and emergency shower facilities.

Eye Protection:
Wear tightly fitting chemical safety goggles and face protection where splash risk exists.

Hand Protection:
Wear alkali-resistant protective gloves.

Skin Protection:
Wear suitable chemical-resistant protective clothing.

Respiratory Protection:
Use suitable particulate respiratory protection where dust exposure cannot be adequately controlled.

Identifiers of Caustic Soda Flakes:
CAS Number: 1310-73-2
EC Number: 215-185-5
UN Number: UN 1823
Molecular Formula: NaOH
Molecular Weight: 40.00 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Sodium hydroxide
Chemical Family: Inorganic alkali
HS Code: 2815.11

CAS No.: 1310-73-2
EC No.: 215-185-5
Molecular Formula: NaOH
Molecular Weight: 40.00
Synonym: Caustic soda flakes
HS Code: 2815 11 90
Storage: Below 30°C
Shelf life: 4 years

Properties of Caustic Soda Flakes:
Appearance: White solid flakes
Odor: Odorless
Purity: Typically 98–99%
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
pH: Strongly alkaline
Melting Point: Approximately 318°C
Boiling Point: Approximately 1,388°C
Density: Approximately 2.13 g/cm³
Molecular Weight: 40.00 g/mol

Chemical formula: NaOH
Molecular weight: 40.00 g/mol
Melting point: 318.4°C
Boiling point: 1,388°C
Density: 2.13 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol
pH: Highly basic, typically with a pH of 14

Specifications of Caustic Soda Flakes:
Appearance: White hygroscopic flakes
Solubility: 100 mg soluble in 1 mL of water
Carbonate (Na2CO3): <= 2.00%
Chloride (Cl): <= 0.005%
Iron (Fe): <= 0.001%
Sulfate (SO4): <= 0.005%
Assay (HCl Titration): 97.00 - 100.50%

Assay (NaOH), %: ≥98.5
Sodium Carbonate(Na2Co3), %: ≤0.5
Sodium Chloride(NaCL), %: ≤0.03
Iron Sesquioxide (Fe2O3), %: ≤0.005
Color, %: White color