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DESCRIPTION
Cera Microcristallina, also known as microcrystalline wax, is a type of wax with a fine crystalline structure, derived from petroleum.
Cera Microcristallina is typically used in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products, because of its unique properties.
Cas Number: 63231-60-7
SYNONYMS
Microcrystalline wax,Petroleum wax,Petrolatum wax, Synthetic wax,Paraffin wax
Overview of Microcrystalline Wax (Cera Microcristallina)
Microcrystalline wax is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon molecules derived from petroleum or natural gas sources.
It is characterized by its fine crystalline structure, which gives it distinct properties when compared to other waxes like paraffin.
The name "microcrystalline" refers to its fine and intricate crystalline structure that is composed of small molecules, unlike the larger crystals seen in paraffin wax.
The size and shape of these crystals affect the wax's physical characteristics, including its texture, flexibility, and melting point.
Microcrystalline wax is often used where a softer and more pliable wax is required.
Importance in Industry
Microcrystalline wax plays an essential role in various industries, including cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing.
Its versatility stems from its ability to form stable emulsions, act as a binder, and provide a protective barrier.
The unique properties of microcrystalline wax, such as its high viscosity, ability to retain moisture, and resistance to oxidation, make it highly valuable in formulations that require these qualities.
Composition and Structure
Chemical Composition
Microcrystalline wax is made up of a mixture of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The exact chemical composition can vary based on the source of the petroleum and the refining process.
The molecular weight of microcrystalline waxes typically ranges from 300 to 600 g/mol, and it contains a high proportion of branched-chain hydrocarbons.
These branched structures help provide the wax with its characteristic flexibility and resistance to cracking at low temperatures.
The wax also contains minor amounts of other compounds such as resins, which contribute to its adhesive properties.
Crystallinity
Unlike paraffin wax, which has a more linear, crystalline structure, microcrystalline wax has a finer, more complex crystalline arrangement.
This structure allows it to have a higher melting point and a more waxy, flexible consistency.
The crystallinity also affects its texture, making it ideal for use in products where flexibility, smoothness, and a smooth finish are essential, such as in cosmetics and coatings.
Production and Manufacturing
Raw Materials
The primary raw material for microcrystalline wax is crude oil, from which it is separated during the refining process.
It can also be derived from natural gas condensates.
The crude oil undergoes an initial distillation to separate lighter hydrocarbons (like gasoline) from heavier fractions.
The heavier fractions are further processed to produce microcrystalline wax, often through a process called "dewaxing." During dewaxing, the wax is separated from the oil by cooling the mixture to a specific temperature at which the wax crystallizes.
Production Methods
Microcrystalline wax is typically produced by solvent extraction or solvent dewaxing.
In solvent extraction, solvents such as hexane or toluene are used to dissolve the waxy components.
This process removes the oil and other impurities.
After extraction, the solvent is evaporated, leaving behind purified microcrystalline wax.
In solvent dewaxing, the oil is chilled and treated with solvents to selectively precipitate the waxes from the oil.
This method produces a refined, high-quality wax that is used in various applications.
Properties of Microcrystalline Wax
Physical Properties
Microcrystalline wax typically has a higher melting point than paraffin wax, ranging from 60°C to 90°C, depending on its composition.
It is more flexible, elastic, and sticky, making it more suitable for use in products where flexibility and adhesion are needed.
Its high viscosity and greater density (around 0.9 to 1.0 g/cm³) also contribute to its ability to form stable emulsions.
The wax is opaque and usually has a pale yellow to white color, though the color can vary depending on the degree of refinement.
Chemical Properties
Microcrystalline wax is chemically inert and resistant to most chemicals.
It is insoluble in water but can dissolve in organic solvents such as ether and chloroform.
Its resistance to oxidation makes it an excellent material for protective coatings.
Additionally, the presence of minor resins and cyclic hydrocarbons in its structure gives it adhesive properties, which are beneficial in certain applications, such as in adhesives and coatings.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Microcrystalline wax exhibits excellent thermal stability, which allows it to retain its properties at higher temperatures compared to paraffin wax.
This thermal stability, combined with its elasticity and flexibility, makes it ideal for use in applications where the product must withstand thermal fluctuations without cracking.
The wax’s mechanical strength helps products maintain their structure and texture under stress.
Applications in Various Industries
Cosmetics and Personal Care
Microcrystalline wax is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, including skin creams, lipsticks, moisturizers, and deodorants.
Its ability to emulsify oils and water allows it to stabilize formulations and create smooth, easily spreadable textures.
It also helps prevent moisture loss, providing emollient properties that leave the skin feeling soft and hydrated.
Additionally, microcrystalline wax improves the texture and longevity of cosmetic products.
Food Industry
Microcrystalline wax is used in the food industry primarily as a coating agent.
It is commonly used to coat fruits, vegetables, and cheeses to extend their shelf life and enhance their appearance.
It also serves as an anti-caking agent in powdered foods, such as powdered coffee creamer, where it helps prevent clumping.
The wax is considered safe for consumption and is approved by food safety regulatory bodies like the FDA.
Pharmaceuticals
In the pharmaceutical industry, microcrystalline wax is used in tablet formulations as a binder and in drug delivery systems.
It helps hold the ingredients of a tablet together while maintaining its shape and integrity.
Microcrystalline wax is also used in controlled-release formulations, where it acts as a coating to slowly release the active pharmaceutical ingredients over time.
Manufacturing and Industrial Uses
Microcrystalline wax is widely used in manufacturing for various applications.
It is used in polishes for metals, wood, and automobiles, where it provides a glossy, protective layer. In the textile industry, it is used as a finishing agent to enhance the texture and appearance of fabrics.
It is also used in adhesives, where its adhesive properties make it suitable for use in packaging, coatings, and sealants.
Technological Innovations and Advancements
Modifications and New Methods
Recent developments in microcrystalline wax production involve modifying its chemical structure to enhance its properties.
For example, through polymerization techniques, microcrystalline wax can be modified to increase its hardness or flexibility, depending on the requirements of specific applications.
Research into environmentally friendly production methods is also gaining attention, with new techniques aimed at reducing the environmental impact of wax production.
Environmental Concerns
The extraction and refinement of petroleum-based products, including microcrystalline wax, raise concerns about environmental impact, including energy consumption and carbon emissions.
The industry has begun exploring more sustainable alternatives and practices, such as recycling wax, using renewable energy in production, and creating waxes from plant-based sources.
Health and Safety Considerations
Toxicity and Safety Profiles
Microcrystalline wax is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
However, inhaling the fumes of heated wax or prolonged skin contact with unrefined wax may cause irritation or allergic reactions.
Ingesting large amounts can also lead to digestive issues.
The safety profile depends on the degree of refinement and the specific application.
Regulatory Status
Microcrystalline wax is approved by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for use in a wide variety of consumer products.
The wax is categorized as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) when used in food and cosmetics, as long as it complies with established purity standards.
Environmental Impact
Microcrystalline wax is not biodegradable, so its disposal can contribute to environmental pollution if not managed properly.
Efforts are underway to explore biodegradable alternatives and improve waste management in industries that rely on wax products.
Market Trends and Economic Impact
Global Market Overview
The global market for microcrystalline wax has been expanding, driven by its demand in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
Asia-Pacific, North America, and Europe are the major regions where the demand is growing due to increasing industrial production and rising consumer awareness of high-quality products.
The economic growth of emerging markets has also contributed to the demand for high-performance waxes.
Economic Importance
Microcrystalline wax plays a key role in multiple industrial sectors, providing value through its versatility and essential qualities.
It helps enhance the durability, appearance, and performance of products, making it a critical component in many manufacturing processes.
Additionally, its economic contribution extends to the petroleum industry, as it is derived from refined petroleum products.
Case Studies
Examples of Successful Applications
In the cosmetics industry, microcrystalline wax has been used successfully to create long-lasting and smooth-textured lipsticks and creams.
Case studies can show how its inclusion in formulations improves the stability and effectiveness of products.
In the food industry, examples of its use in fruit coatings can demonstrate how microcrystalline wax helps prolong shelf life and preserve freshness.
Conclusion
Summary of Key Findings
Microcrystalline wax is a highly versatile and important material used in a variety of industries, from cosmetics to pharmaceuticals and food.
Its unique properties, such as flexibility, stability, and resistance to oxidation, make it a preferred choice in many applications.
Future Directions
Future research may focus on the environmental impact of wax production and the development of alternative, sustainable sources of microcrystalline wax.
Additionally, advancements in modifying its properties to meet specific industrial needs will continue to drive innovation in various sectors.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CERA MICROCRISTALLINA
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
