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CHAMOMILE

CAS NUMBER: 520-36-5

EC NUMBER: 208-292-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C15H10O5

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 270.24

IUPAC NAME: 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one


Chamomile has long been used, as a traditional folk remedy, for a wide range of health issues.
Chamomile's effectiveness in managing illnesses, including cancer and diabetes.
Chamomile contains chemicals called flavonoids. 

Chamomile (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a natural product belonging to the flavone class that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides. 
Chamomile is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool.

Chamomile is found in many fruits and vegetables, but parsley, celery, celeriac, and chamomile tea are the most common sources.
Chamomile is particularly abundant in the flowers of chamomile plants, constituting 68% of total flavonoids.

Chamomile is a bioactive plant compound studied for its potential health benefits.
These potential benefits include its effects on the immune system, sleep, anxiety, testosterone production, blood sugar levels, and cancer.

Chamomile is a bioflavonoid compound (specifically a flavone) which is found in a wide variety of plants and herbs.
Chamomile is also a very potent anti-cancer compound. 

Chamomile beneficially protects against a wide variety of cancers with high selectivity for cancer cells as opposed to non-cancerous cells. 
Chamomile also has a very high safety threshold, and active (anti-cancer) doses can be gained through consuming a vegetable and fruit rich diet.

Chamomile is a natural compound found in many fruits and vegetables. 
While its full effects in humans have been barely figured out, there is some preliminary evidence that apigenin can help calm nerves, provide antioxidant effects, and even help fight cancer.
Chamomile is an antioxidant compound that naturally occurs in plants. 

Chamomile can be found in fruits and vegetables, such as parsley, onions, oranges, tea, chamomile, wheat sprouts, and some seasonings.
Chamomile is a common dietary flavonoid that is abundantly present in many fruits, vegetables

Chamomile is a flavonoid that’s widely distributed in the plant kingdom. 
Chamomile acts as a free-radical scavenger and antioxidant that diminishes oxidative stress.

Chamomile’s a glycoside, which is a term referring to molecules that are connected to sugar molecules.
Flavonoids are a class of naturally occurring phytochemicals in plant tissues. 

They play a protective role in plants against pathogens and sunlight radiation. 
They also help attract pollinators and regulate plant metabolism.

BENEFITS
The potential benefits of chamomile tea, for which there is the most evidence, include:
1. Reducing menstrual pain:
Several studies have linked chamomile tea to reduced severity of menstrual cramps. 
A 2010 study, for example, found that consuming chamomile tea for a month could reduce the pain of menstrual cramps. 
Women in the study also reported less anxiety and distress associated with period pain.

2. Treating diabetes and lowering blood sugar:
Again, some studies have found that chamomile tea can lower blood sugar in people with diabetes. 
Research does not show that chamomile is a viable substitute for diabetes medications, but it may be a helpful supplement to existing treatments.

3. Slowing or preventing osteoporosis:
Osteoporosis is the progressive loss of bone density. 
This loss increases the risk of broken bones and stooped posture. 
While anyone can develop osteoporosis, it is most common among post-menopausal women. 
This tendency may be due to the effects of estrogen.

4. Reducing inflammation:
Inflammation is an immune system reaction to fight infection. 
Chamomile tea contains chemical compounds that may reduce inflammation: 
However, long-term inflammation is linked to a wide range of health problems, including hemorrhoids, gastrointestinal pain, arthritis, autoimmune disorders, and even depression.

5. Cancer treatment and prevention:
Some studies suggest that chamomile tea may target cancer cells, or even prevent those cells from developing in the first place. 
However, research so far is inconclusive, and scientists say more work is needed to prove chamomile’s anti-cancer claims. 
Also, most research has looked at clinical models in animals, not humans.

6. Helping with sleep and relaxation:
Chamomile tea is widely thought to help people relax and fall asleep. 
Few clinical trials have tested this, however.
In one review of the current evidence, 10 of 12 cardiovascular patients are quoted as having fallen asleep shortly after consuming chamomile tea. 
A handful of other studies looking at clinical models also suggest that chamomile tea may help people relax.

7. Treating cold symptoms:
Anecdotal evidence and some studies suggest that inhaling steam with chamomile extract can relieve some of the symptoms of the common cold. 

Chamomile has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years to calm anxiety and settle stomachs.
Chamomile is considered a safe plant and has been used in many cultures for stomach ailments and as a mild sedative

Chamomile or camomile is the common name for several daisy-like plants of the family Asteraceae. 
Two of the species, Matricaria recutita, and Anthemis nobilis are commonly used to make herbal infusions for beverages.
There is insufficient scientific evidence that consuming chamomile in foods or beverages has any beneficial effect on health

Uses:
Chamomile being served at the Savoy Hotel in London, England.
Chamomile may be used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages, mouthwash, soaps, or cosmetics.

Chamomile is used to "upholster" chamomile seats, raised beds which are about half a meter tall, and designed to be sat upon.
Chamomile lawns are also used in sunny areas with light traffic.

*Tea:
Chamomile is a herbal infusion made from dried flowers and hot water.
Two types of chamomile used are German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile).

*Use in beer and ale:
Chamomile has historically been used in making beer and ale.
Unlike for tea, in which only the flowers are used, the whole plant has been used to make beers and ales, adding a bitter flavor component favored by craft breweries and homebrewers

The use of chamomile has the potential to cause adverse interactions with numerous herbal products and prescription drugs and may worsen pollen allergies.
People who are allergic to ragweed (also in the daisy family) may be allergic to chamomile due to cross-reactivity.
Chamomile, a phytochemical in chamomile, may interact with anticoagulant agents and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while other phytochemicals may adversely interact with sleep-enhancing herbal products and vitamins

Chamomile was described in ancient medical writings and was an important medicinal herb in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
Chamomile is promoted for sleeplessness, anxiety, and gastrointestinal conditions such as upset stomach, gas, and diarrhea. 
Chamomile is also used topically for skin conditions and for mouth sores resulting from cancer treatment.

Chamomile (Matricaria recuita) is a flowering plant in the daisy (Asteraceae) family. 
Native to Europe and Western Asia, it's now found around the world. 

Uses
Chamomile is best known for its flowers, particularly the yellow heads. 
These can be used fresh or dried for various culinary and medicinal purposes. 
They may also be used in a floral extract or tincture.

Perhaps the most widespread use of chamomile is as a tisane. 
Chamomile is often enjoyed on its own as an herbal tea or used in blends and enjoyed for its soothing qualities.

Chamomile is also used in other beverages, such as liquor infusions, a beer additive, and to make wine. 
Chamomile's commonly used in Spain to flavor Manzanilla sherry and is found in Greek cuisine as well. 
The floral flavor can be infused into syrups and used in ice cream, other desserts, or savory dishes such as soups.

Due to its aroma and healing aspects, it's also quite common to find chamomile in topical lotions, oils, soaps, shampoos, and cosmetics. 
Many of these products use chamomile essential oil, which should never be ingested or applied directly to the skin on its own. 
The oil may also be used in aromatherapy applications, including diffusers and candles.

What Is Chamomile Used For?
Chamomile may be best known as a sleep aid, but the strongest evidence for the herb suggests it might be helpful for anxiety.

Chamomile tea is a popular beverage that also offers a variety of health benefits.
Chamomile is an herb that comes from the daisy-like flowers of the Asteraceae plant family. 
Chamomile has been consumed for centuries as a natural remedy for several health conditions.

Chamomile (or camomile) is a flowering herb. 
Chamomile looks like a tiny daisy, with a yellow central disc surrounded by delicate white petals. 

Chamomile is more fragrant than similar flowers, giving off a gentle floral, almost applelike aroma that is very relaxing. 
For this reason, and due to its many reported health benefits, chamomile is popular in herbal teas and aromatherapy.

Chamomile is used to treat mucocutaneous inflammation and to promote wound healing. 
Chamomile is traditionally used for dermatitis

Chamomile is an herb also known as Camomille
Chamomile is a common flavoring agent in foods and beverages, and other products such as mouthwash, soaps, and cosmetics.

Chamomile is one of the most popular herbs in the Western world. 
There are two plants known as chamomile: the more popular German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Roman, or English, chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). 
Although they belong to different species, they are used to treat the same health problems. 
Both are used to calm frayed nerves, to treat stomach problems, to relieve muscle spasms, and to treat skin conditions and mild infections.

Chamomile has been used as a medicine for thousands of years, dating back to the ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks. 
Historically, it has been used to treat many conditions, including:
*Chest colds

*Sore throats

*Abscesses

*Gum inflammation (gingivitis)

*Anxiety

*Insomnia

*Psoriasis

*Acne

*Eczema

*Minor first-degree burns

*Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis)

*Stomach ulcers

*Children's conditions such as chickenpox, diaper rash, and colic

Chamomile, a flower in the daisy family, is a dietary supplement popular for a variety of uses including sleep problems, anxiety, digestive upset, mouth sores, skin infections, wound healing, colic, and diaper rash.
Chamomile is a soothing herb inside and out. 

Chamomile has natural sedating properties and so is useful in minor cases of insomnia, particularly in children. 
Chamomile has anti-inflammatory properties and so is traditionally used when there is any inflammation of the gut such as ulcers and colitis. 
As a good digestive, Chamomile is also helpful in relieving bloating and flatulence.

There are several species of chamomile, but two of them are most commonly used - the German and the Roman.
chamomile is markedly more bitter and has a much bigger flowerhead. 
Due to its bitterness Chamomile is not commonly used in herbal infusions 

Apigenin is a trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4', 5 and 7. 
Chamomile induces autophagy in leukaemia cells. 

Chamomile has a role as a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. 
Chamomile is a conjugate acid of an apigenin-7-olate.

Chamomile is an aromatic oil extracted from the flowers or leaves of the daisy-like plants including German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Roman or English chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). 
Extracts, oils and teas made from chamomile are used for its soothing qualities as a sedative, mild analgesic and sleep medication. 

Chamomile has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.
Chamomile is a natural product found in Cryptomeria japonica, Epimedium, and other organisms with data available.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 270.24    

-XLogP3: 1.7    

-Exact Mass: 270.05282342    

-Monoisotopic Mass: 270.05282342    

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 87 Ų    

-Physical Description: Solid

-Color: Yellow needles

-Form: aqueous pyridine

-Boiling Point: 555.50°C

-Melting Point: 347.5 °C

-Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, pyridine, concentrated sulfuric acid; very soluble in dilute alkalies

-Vapor Pressure: 1.01X10-10 mm Hg

-LogP: 3.02

-Henry's Law constant: 5.12X10-17 atm-cu m/mol

-pKa1: 7.12

-Collision Cross Section: 156 Ų


Chamomile is an herb that comes from the daisy-like flowers of the Asteraceae plant family. 
Chamomile has been consumed for centuries as a natural remedy for several health conditions.

Chamomile (or camomile) is a flowering herb. 
Chamomile looks like a tiny daisy, with a yellow central disc surrounded by delicate white petals. 

Chamomile is more fragrant than similar flowers, giving off a gentle floral, almost applelike aroma that is very relaxing. 
For this reason, and due to its many reported health benefits, chamomile is popular in herbal teas and aromatherapy.

Chamomile is used to treat mucocutaneous inflammation and to promote wound healing. 
Chamomile is traditionally used for dermatitis
Chamomile tea has long been used, as a traditional folk remedy, for a wide range of health issues.
Chamomile's effectiveness in managing illnesses, including cancer and diabetes.
Chamomile contains chemicals called flavonoids. 

Chamomile (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a natural product belonging to the flavone class that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides. 
Chamomile is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool.

Chamomile is found in many fruits and vegetables, but parsley, celery, celeriac, and chamomile tea are the most common sources.
Chamomile is particularly abundant in the flowers of chamomile plants, constituting 68% of total flavonoids.

Chamomile is an herb also known as Camomille
Chamomile is a common flavoring agent in foods and beverages, and other products such as mouthwash, soaps, and cosmetics.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Heavy Atom Count: 20    

-Formal Charge: 0    

-Complexity: 411    

-Isotope Atom Count: 0    

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0    

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0    

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0    

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0    

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1    

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3    

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5    

-Rotatable Bond Count: 1    


Chamomile is a bioactive plant compound studied for its potential health benefits.
These potential benefits include its effects on the immune system, sleep, anxiety, testosterone production, blood sugar levels, and cancer.

Chamomile is a bioflavonoid compound (specifically a flavone) which is found in a wide variety of plants and herbs.
Chamomile is also a very potent anti-cancer compound. 

Chamomile beneficially protects against a wide variety of cancers with high selectivity for cancer cells as opposed to non-cancerous cells. 
Chamomile also has a very high safety threshold, and active (anti-cancer) doses can be gained through consuming a vegetable and fruit rich diet.

Chamomile is a natural compound found in many fruits and vegetables. 
Chamomile is an antioxidant compound that naturally occurs in plants. 
Chamomile can be found in fruits and vegetables, such as parsley, onions, oranges, tea, chamomile, wheat sprouts, and some seasonings.

Chamomile is a common dietary flavonoid that is abundantly present in many fruits, vegetables
Chamomile is a flavonoid that’s widely distributed in the plant kingdom. 
Chamomile acts as a free-radical scavenger and antioxidant that diminishes oxidative stress.

Chamomile’s a glycoside, which is a term referring to molecules that are connected to sugar molecules.
They play a protective role in plants against pathogens and sunlight radiation. 
They also help attract pollinators and regulate plant metabolism.


SYNONYMS:

apigenin
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
Chamomile
Versulin
Apigenol
4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone
Spigenin
Apigenine
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
Pelargidenon 1449
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone
5,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromone
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
FLAVONE, 4',5,7-TRIHYDROXY-
4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone;Apigenol;C.I. Natural Yellow 1
5,7-Trihydroxyflavone
Pelargidenone
Matricaria oil
Chamomile Powder
Naringenin, 18
Prestwick_719
Apigenin, 13
Tocris-1227
3cf9
4',7-Trihydroxyflavone
BiomolKI_000078
Lopac-A-3145
4,5, 7-Trihydroxyflavone
Lopac0_000065
4',5,7-trihydroxy-Flavone
Apigenin, analytical standard
5-18-04-00574 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone
Apigenin; 4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-chromen-4-one
Apigenin, primary pharmaceutical reference standard
4 inverted exclamation mark ,5,7-trihydroxyflavone
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)

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