PRODUCTS

CHARMOR PM40

Charmor PM40 is an organic compound with the formula C(CH2OH)4. Classified as a polyol, it is a white solid. Charmor PM40 is a building block for the synthesis and production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, cosmetics, and many other commercial products.
Charmor PM40 is a blend of penta- in reference to its 5 carbon atoms and erythritol, which also possesses 4 alcohol groups. Charmor micronized polyols are a rich carbon source for the production of superior intumescent systems. Charmor PM40 is a micronized Pentaerythritol derivative. Charmor micronized polyols are a critical component in the formation of a thick fire resistant char barrier when intumescent coatings are exposed to high temperatures. In intumescent systems for plastics, Charmor PM40 is used as a carbon source for halogen-free systems demanding lower smoke release and non-toxic fumes.

CAS NO: 115-77-5
EC Number: 204-104-9

IUPAC NAMES:
1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)1,3-propanediol
2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
PENTAERYTHRITOL
Pentaerythritol
pentaerythritol
Pentaerythritol
pentaerythritol

SYNONYMS

PENTAERYTHRITOL;115-77-5;2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;Pentek;Tetramethylolmethane;Monopentaerythritol;Pentaerythrite;Auxinutril;Maxinutril;Monopentek;Penetek;Metab-Auxil;Hercules P6;Tetrahydroxymethylmethane;Methane tetramethylol;1,3-Propanediol;2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-;2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol;Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)methane;tetra(hydroxymethyl)methane;THME;PE200;Auxitrans;1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethanol;NSC 8100;UNII-SU420W1S6N;MFCD00004692;Pentaerythritol, 98%;SU420W1S6N;DSSTox_CID_6943;DSSTox_RID_78264;DSSTox_GSID_26943;pentaerithrityl;Pentaerythrital;CAS-115-77-5;Charmor PM 15;CCRIS 2306;HSDB 872;EINECS 204-104-9;BRN 1679274;Auxenutril;Pentaertyhritol;Hydrafuca;AI3-19571;Hercules Mono-PE;Auxitrans (TN);mono pentaerythritol;3SY;Pentaerythritol, CP;tetramethylol methane;Pentaerythritol, 99%;MONOPENTAERYTHRITO;EC 204-104-9;Pentaerythritol, sodium salt;ACMC-1C8V3;SCHEMBL15049;WLN: Q1X1Q1Q1Q;4-01-00-02812 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);C(CH2OH)4;1, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-;CHEMBL3186112;DTXSID2026943;1,2-Diacylglycerol-LD-PE-pool;NSC8100;CHEBI:134760;DAMIANA Powder & Powder Extract;ZINC391843;Methane, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-,;NSC-810;Pentaerythritol, calcium, zinc salt;Tox21_201921;Tox21_303573;ANW-16903;SBB060192;STL483077;AKOS009166690;DB13526;MCULE-7635228253;2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol;NCGC00249136-01;NCGC00257496-01;NCGC00259470-01;BP-13392;SC-66586;2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-propane-1,3-diol;FT-0652275;FT-0673583;P0039;ST51046424;BLACK COHOSH ROOT Powder & Powder Extract;herculesp6;Maxinutril;Metab-Auxil;Methane tetramethylol;Methane, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-,;methanetetramethylol;Monopentek;PE 200;pe200;Penetek;Pentaertyhritol;Pentaerythrit(Form1);Pentaerythritol respirable dust;Pentaerythritol total dust;Perstorp Pentaerythritol mono grade;Triethanolamine monoalkyl ether phosphate ester;Tetrahydroxymethylolmethane;Tetrahydroxytetramethylmethane;Pentaerythrotol;Pentaerythritol, 98% 1KG;Pentaerythritol, 98% 250GR;Pentaerythritol, extra pure;Pentaerythritol,2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol;Pentaerythritol 98%,90%, 95%, 99%;2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-propanediol;3-Propanediol,2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1;Auxenutril;Auxinutril;Hercules Improved Tech. PE;Hercules Mono-PE;Hercules P6;2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)methane;NonMicronized Pentaerythritol;TETRAMETHYLOLMETHANE;1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethanol;1,3-Propanediol,2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-;Pentaerythrital;Pentaerythritoltetragonal;Pentek;PETP;Tetrahydroxymethylmetane;THME;TETRAHYDROXYMETHYLMETHANE;TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)METHANE,PE-T;PE-M;Pentaerythrite;PENTAERYTHRITOL;PE-C-N;MONO PENTA ERYTHRITOL;PENTAERYTHRITOL MONO;PENTAERYTHRITOL, 99+%;PentaerythritolForSynthesis;Pentaerythritol;CHARMOR PM40;98+%;2,2-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE-1,3-DIOL;2,2-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-1,3-PROPANEDIOL;PENTAERYTHRITOL,REAGENT;Pentaerythrit;PE;

Product Description
Charmor PM40 is a carbon donor for intumescent coating systems. It has a controlled and narrow particle size distribution, allowing customization of the intumescent system performance. Charmor™ PM40 with a particle size below 40 microns creates a compact stable foam structure with robust properties suitable for turbulent fire conditions.
Charmor PM 40 is easy to formulate with to get a robust and reliable intumescent effect to meet general standards. It is polyhydric alcohol containing four primary hydroxyl groups, milled into small controlled particle size.
White, crystalline powder that reacts readily with organic acids. Pentaerythritol is used to make alkyd resins, rosin esters, and other compounds that are used in synthetic resins, adhesives, paints, and varnishes.

Intumescent coatings and expandable sealants based on Charmor protect buildings and the people inside them, in the event of a fire. Charmor-based coatings and sealants slow the spread of fire, reduce heat and minimize dangerous smoke and fumes more effectively than any alternative products, facilitating safe evacuation and limiting structural damage. The Charmor range ensures the ultimate performance and protection on surfaces including steel and wood. For example, in buildings with structural steel profiles, which are increasingly common, the very high temperatures cause steel Profiles to distort and become weaker, potentially leading to collapse. Steel loses its strength at about 500°C. Here, the extra time provided by Charmor compared to alternative products slows and even potentially prevents this process. Charmor™ offers a rich carbon source that forms a thick fire resistant char barrier when the intumescent coating is exposed to high temperatures. When a layer of Charmor-based intumescent coating, circa one millimetre thick, is exposed to 200°C heat or higher, it will swell up 10 to 100 times its size to build a foam char barrier that insulates the underlying material.
And the high purity and consistency of Charmor improves the insulation effect of the intumescent coating and ultimately helps prevent the substrate from catching fire or distorting.

Charmor polyols are high performers. But to achieve reliable performance in intumescent formulations it is important to have high consistency regarding both chemical and physical properties. Minor changes in individual compounds contained in coatings can significantly influence end-product performance. Coarse carbon donor particles can cause the inhomogeneous distribution of reactants, risking problems such as cracking and loss of adhesion during the intumescent process. Fine-tuning particle size lets you customize the performance of an intumescent system with the precise structure of foam that best suits your application. For example, the standard grade Charmor PM40 creates foam with excellent swelling and robust properties for turbulent fire conditions. The finer particle size of Charmor PM15 creates foam with slightly higher volume and very good thermal insulation. The Charmor DP grade is the least water-sensitive grade and is particularly suited for outdoor applications.

Charmor micronized polyols offer a rich carbon source for İntumescent coatings and plastics. Charmor PM40 Care sharpens the sustainability profile as it is produced from renewable raw material and energy. It has exactly the same high quality and technical properties as the standard Charmor PM40.

INDUSTRY USES
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Flame retardants
-Fuels and fuel additives
-Intermediates
-Lubricants and lubricant additives
-Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
-Plasticizers
-Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
-Viscosity adjustor

CONSUMER USES
-Adhesives and sealants
-Electrical and electronic products
-Explosive materials
-Ink, toner, and colourant products
-Lubricants and greases
-Paints and coatings
-Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

CHEMICAL PROFILE:
The synthesis of Charmor PM40l involves reacting four moles of formaldehyde and one mole of acetaldehyde in two differentiated steps. The first is an aldol condensation to give pentaerythritose. Then, the aldehyde obtained is subjected to a crossed Cannizzaro reaction, whereby one molecule of the pentaerythritose is reduced to pentaerythritol, which is then separated. The raw pentaerythritol is dissolved again and subjected to high-temperature acid hydrolysis, then purified in an activated carbon bed, concentrated and crystallized.

INDUSTRY PROCESSING SECTORS
-Adhesive manufacturing
-All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing
-Explosives manufacturing
-Paint and coating manufacturing
-Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
-Plastic material and resin manufacturing
-Plastics product manufacturing
-Printing and related support activities
-Printing ink manufacturing
-Wholesale and retail trade

Charmor PM40 is a blend of penta- in reference to its 5 carbon atoms and erythritol, which also possesses 4 alcohol groups.

Synthesis
Charmor PM40 was first reported in 1891 by German chemist Bernhard Tollens and his student P. Wigand. It may be prepared via a base-catalyzed multiple-addition reaction between acetaldehyde and 3 equivalents of formaldehyde, followed by a Cannizzaro reaction with the fourth equivalent of formaldehyde to give the final product.

Uses
Charmor PM40 is a versatile building block for the preparation of many polyfunctionalized compounds. Derivatives of pentaerythritol are components of alkyd resins, varnishes, polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, tall oil esters, antioxidants (e.g. Anox 20). It can be found in transformer oil, plastics, paints, cosmetics, and many other applications.

Polyester derivatives
Charmor PM40 is a precursor to esters of type C(CH2OX)4. One such derivative is pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), a vasodilator and explosive. The trinitrate derivative is called pentrinitrol (Petrin). The tetraacetate is called normosterol (PAG). The polymer cross-linking agent pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.

Fire retardants
Charmor PM40 is used as a fire retardant, such as in plastics.[citation needed] It produces a thick carbon barrier upon heating, protecting the surface substrate.

Charmor PM40 is one of the most common main active components in intumescent paints and coatings. It acts as a carbon donor and together with an acid donor, most commonly ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and a blowing agent, most commonly melamine.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Charmor PM40 is also called Pentaerythritol or 2, 2-double (hydroxymethyl)-1, 3-propanediol, four hydroxymethyl methane, MetabAuxil, Pentek. White crystal powder. It was first found in 1882 by Tollens and is a colourless tetragonal crystal double tetrahedral crystal precipitated from dilute hydrochloric acid. The relative molecular mass is 136.15. The relative density is 1.399. The melting point is 262 oC (industrial products containing 10%~15% Dipentaerythritol, melting point is 180~225 oC). The boiling point is 276 oC (4.00 x 103 pa). The refractive index is 1.54~1.56. Can sublimate. Slowly soluble in cold water, soluble in hot water, insoluble in carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, benzene, petroleum ether, ethanol, acetone, solubility at 25 oC (g/100 g) in water, methanol, ethanol, butylamine, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanolamine are 0.75, 7.23, 0.33, 16, 16.5 4.5, respectively. 1 g of dipentaerythritol can soluble in 18 ml of water at 15 oC. Charmor PM40 will polymerize when heated to above melting point and generates a shrinkage second shrinkage e four season three Charmor PM40, etc. Stability in the air. The hydroxyl groups of Charmor PM40 can form a complex with many kinds of metal; Can directly react with nitric acid through nitration; Under the effect of catalyst, the hydroxy can be oxidized to an acid; Can react with chlorine to generate the chloride; In an acid medium, the product reacts with carbonyl compounds, generate cyclic acetal and ketal; Like other alcohols, can esterify with an acid or anhydride to generate four esters; The halides can dehalogenate to generate cyclic ether in the role of alkali. The addition reaction intermediate of 3-hydroxy aldehyde can react with formaldehyde through Cannizzaro reaction to generate season four amyl alcohol and formic acid. In 1938, it was first generated by the United States with acetaldehyde and five times the amount of formaldehyde in the reaction of the calcium hydroxide solution system. It is the only production method used in the industrial. The main purpose is to make explosives and synthetic resin (mainly used for various coatings).

THE MAIN PURPOSE AND EFFECT
As quaternary alcohol, Charmor PM40 is easily generated by esterification acid and ester, so most of the classes used in alkyd resin coatings raw materials, mainly used for architectural coatings and automotive primer. Charmor PM40 is used to esterify with nitric acid to generate Charmor PM40 tetranitrate (also known as PETN) in 5~15 oC in industrial, which is a kind of high explosives and bigger than TNT explosive, most as a booster, or mix with TNT. A lot of PETN has been used in the second world war. Charmor PM40 reaction with rosin acid can produce rosin Charmor PM40 ester, which can be mixed with drying oil and is a kind of coating with better hardness, water-resistance and weather resistance, can be used in the ink of varnish, floor, etc. By esterification condensation Charmor PM40 or glycerol with phthalic anhydride, fatty acid can make an alkyd resin coating. The use of different kinds and different amount of fatty acid can improve the properties of alkyd resin, making it a suitable coating of various kinds in need. It is widely used as a coating on the surface of the metal, wood, as a bridge, railway, derrick, building and other aspects of commonly used industrial paint and architectural paint. Because the price is low, alkyd resin of reactants, easy modification, strong adaptability, well comprehensive, it has become the backbone of the coating industry since 1927.
Charmor PM40 is often used in the coating industry, is of alkyd coating raw material for the production of highly cross-linked coating using four hydroxyls, the coating has good hardness and colour, can improve the hardness, lustre and durability of the coating film. Used as varnish, paint and ink production of rosin ester raw material, and can be used as flame retardants, drying oil, aviation lubricating oil. Charmor PM40fatty acid ester is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plasticizer and stabilizer are also used in medicine, pesticide, lube oil manufacture.
Charmor PM40 acrylic ester generated by Charmor PM40 and acrylic acid has a fast-drying property, it is widely used in radiation-curing coatings and quick drying of printing ink, water-soluble alkyd resin, the polymer can be used as adhesive. The C6~C10 fatty acid ester of Charmor PM40 is mainly used as an advanced lubricant for steam turbine, automobile engine etc. The ester produced by this product with C10~C12 fatty acid can be used as a plastic plasticizer, which has low volatility and high ageing resistance; Reaction with epoxy compound and its product can be used as a surface-active agent, widely used in detergent and cosmetics and perfume raw materials; This product is used as the material of explosives, medicine, pesticides, organic intermediates, etc.

CHEMICAL ADDITIVES
Charmor PM40 can be used as a stabilizing agent and has a synergistic effect with zinc salt stabilizers, which can replace allyl chloride to stabilize PVC. The general dosage is half serving. But the compatibility with the resin of this product is small, easy to bloom, and soluble in water, easy sublimation, easy deposit on processing equipment and interfere with the processing in the process of sublimation.

USES
It is mainly used in alkyd resin production, also used for manufacturing ink, lubricants, plasticizer, surface active agent, explosives and drugs raw materials.
Used as a resin and synthetic fiber antistatic agent, solvent conditioner, oil, etc.
Charmor PM40 is mainly used in the coating industry, is the source of alkyd resin coating, can make the coating film hardness, gloss, with improved durability, it is used as a varnish, colour paint and printing ink of pine resin needed raw materials, and with smouldering sex coating, drying oil and matter could be empty lubricating oil and so on. Charmor PM40 tetranitrate is a kind of high explosives (taian); The fatty acid ester is an efficient lubricant and PVC plasticizer; The epoxide production is the raw material from the raw surface active agent, Charmor PM40 easy forms authority complex with metal, also as hard water softener used in detergent formulation, in addition, it can also be used in medicine, pesticide and other production.
Gas chromatographic stationary liquid [highest use temperature 150 ℃, the solvent of chloroform + butyl alcohol (1:1)], separation and analysis of low boiling point oxygen-containing compounds, amine compounds, nitrogen or oxygen heterocyclic compounds. Organic synthesis, preparation, resin synthesized polyols.
In the manufacture of Charmor PM40 tetranitrate; used in alkyd resins in surface-coating compositions, Charmor PM40 triacrylate and protective coatings, insecticides, pharmaceuticals.

DEFINITION
Charmor PM40: white crystallinecompound, C(CH2OH)4; m.p.260°C; b.p. 276°C (30 mmHg). It is used in making the explosive pentaerythritoltrinitrate and in producingresins and other organicproducts.

General Description: Odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water.
Air & Water Reactions: Water-soluble.

Charmor PM40 is used in alkyd resins, radiation cure monomers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stabilizers, polyurethanes, rosin esters, synthetic lubricants, pigment treatment, antioxidants, and explosives.

Worldwide, 37% is used in alkyd paints, 14.5% in alkyd inks, 11% in alkyd adhesives/sealants, 9% in plasticizers, 8% in alkyd varnishes for floors and woodwork, 7% in radiation cure coatings, 4% in lubricants, 1.3% in explosives and 8.2% in other applications.

Many grades are offered, but the largest is mono (pure) with a minimum purity of 98%.

Charmor PM40 is synthetic 4-valent alcohol, which is obtained by the chemical reaction of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. This alcohol has 5 carbon atoms and is offered in the form of white crystalline powder. The characteristic properties of Charmor PM40 include its sweet taste and good combustibility

Charmor PM40 is a white crystalline powder. It is synthetic polyhydric alcohol containing four primary hydroxyl groups (tetra functional compound). It provides outstanding properties due to the nature of compact structure and the high density of hydroxyl groups.

Charmor PM40 is used in the production of Alkyd resin, Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN – an explosive), Pentrinitrol (Petrin), Normosterol (PAG), Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (polymer cross-linking agent). The major application for Penta is the branching of monomer for alkyd resin that provides excellent performance related to drying speed, viscosity, water resistance properties of the paints.

MAJOR APPLICATIONS
-Alkyd-based coatings
-Synthetic lubricants
-Hot-melt adhesives
-Rosin esters
-Antioxidants
-Explosives
-Radiation curing monomers
-Pigment treatment
-Polyurethanes
-PVC stabilizers
-Lubricants
-Plasticizers
-Synthetic drying oil

PROPERTIES
White crystal powder without any visible foreign matters. slightly soluted in alcohol, dissolvable in benzene, ether and petroleum ether etc., Esters will be formed by reaction with common organic acid; no reaction take place when it is heated with a dilute caustic solution.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Charmor PM40 can react with various halogenated organic compounds to yield many ethers or esters. It can also react with benzaldehyde.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Charmor PM40 is a white crystalline solid, with no smell (if pure). It has a density of 1.396 g/cm3. Charmor PM40 is slightly soluble in water (5.6 g/100 ml at 15 °C). It is also soluble in ethanol, ethylene glycol, formamide, glycerol, methanol, but insoluble in aprotic organic solvents such as acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, diethyl ether, paraffin.

AVAILABILITY
Charmor PM40 is sold by chemical suppliers. Some products may contain traces of borax as an additive.

Certain cosmetics contain a small amount of Charmor PM40 or its derivates.

PREPARATION
Charmor PM40 can be made by reacting formaldehyde with acetaldehyde, in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, though calcium hydroxide can also be used. A full recipe can be found here.

Acetaldehyde can be replaced with lactonitrile.
Reacting formaldehyde with 3-hydroxybutanal in the presence of lead(II) hydroxide also yields Charmor PM40.
It can also be prepared from propylene oxide.

Charmor PM40 is a tetrafunctional alcohol. Soluble in water, benzene, ether, petroleum ether and slightly soluble in alcohol. It is used in the manufacture of alkyd resins, fatty acid resin and tall oil esters. Also recommended for vinyl chloride, synthetic rubber, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, olefins antioxidant and pentaerythritol triacrylate. Charmor PM40 is used in the manufacture of Alkyd resins, fatty acid rosin and tall oil esters and to make paint and coatings, printing ink, coating adhesives, explosives, sealants, varnish, lacquer, vinyl chloride, synthetic rubber and miscellaneous including pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), urethane coatings, flame retardant paints, polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, olefins antioxidant and pentaerythritol triacrylate.

CHARMOR PM40 (also called Pentaerythritol) is a polyalcohol compound containing 4 esterficable hydroxyl groups which characterize polyol functions. Almost infinite esters are available from the polyol. Polyol is essential in polyurethane production. CHARMOR PM40 is a white crystalline odourless solid; moderately soluble in cold water, freely soluble in hot water; melting point 260 C and boiling point 276 C at 30 mm Hg. It is prepared from aldol condensations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. and followed Cannizaro reaction. It is used to make explosives such as CHARMOR PM40 tetranitrate (PETN). PETN, also known as penthrite, is a white crystalline compound; melting point 139 C; explodes at 205-215C; soluble in acetone, insoluble in water. Pentolite is a highly reactive explosive composed of CHARMOR PM40 and trinitrotoluene. CHARMOR PM40 is a basic material for polymer production. It is used to make alkyol resins, other coating compounds. Pentacite obtained from CHARMOR PM40 is an alkyd resin used in coatings and printing inks. CHARMOR PM40 is used in the preparation of polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, antioxidants, varnishes, paints, adhesives, and other infinite derivatives. There are commercially three grades of CHARMOR PM40: mono ( 98 %, with di- and tripentaerythritol impurities), technical (88 %, with 8 to 10 % dipentaerythritol, balance tri-) and nitration (99 %, with di- and tripentaerythritol impurities).

Reducing the toxicity of smoke, and slowing down smoke release in the event of a fire has become a burning issue, especially with new fire legislation. People die more often in fires from smoke inhalation than from the actual fire. Charmor PM40 is the next development step in safe carbon source products for intumescent systems. Using Charmor PM40 contributes to fully meet the tough new legislations for plastics, by significantly reducing smoke release. This allows for more time to escape and put the fire out, with a light weight low density solution. But Charmor PM40 does not stop there; it goes on to give you a unique and unmatchable environmental profile too.