Quick Search
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade, is a widely used antiseptic (→Disinfectants).
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade can be prepared, for example, from 1,6-hexamethylenebis(dicyandiamide) and 4-chloroaniline hydrochloride.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used primarily as its salts (e.g., the dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate) in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eyedrops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).
CAS Number: 55-56-1
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10
Molecular Weight: 505.45
EINECS Number: 200-238-7
Synonyms: Chlorhexidine pharma grade, 55-56-1, Rotersept, Fimeil, Hexadol, Soretol, Chlorhexidin, Chlorhexidinum, Cloresidina [DCIT], Chlorhexidin [Czech], Chlorhexidinum [INN-Latin], Clorhexidina [INN-Spanish], Nolvasan, Merfen-incolore, Chlorhexadine, Dentisept, 1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane, 1,6-Di(4'-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane, 1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane, Chlorohexidine, Tubulicid, Chlorhexidine pharma grade (INN), 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), 1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, Sterilon, CHEMBL790, R4KO0DY52L, MLS001332388, CHEBI:3614, Cloresidina, Clorhexidina, DTXSID2033314, Chlorhexidine pharma grade-d8 Dihydrochloride, Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, CAS-55-56-1, NCGC00016246-03, SMR000857146, Sterido, Savlon babycare, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [INN], N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)], N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [INN:BAN], DTXCID0013314, Chlorhexidine pharma grade dihydrochloride, MLS001304094, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-3-(6-{N-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidoyl]amino}hexyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidamide, CCRIS 9230, 1246816-96-5, HSDB 7196, Merfen-incolore (TN), SR-01000799135, Nolvasan (*Diacetate*), 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide), 1,1'-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide], SMR000718621, EINECS 200-238-7, UNII-R4KO0DY52L, Lisium (*Dihydrochloride*), BRN 2826432, 1,6-Di(N-p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane, Dentisept [veterinary] (TN), 1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane, Prestwick_53, Chlorhexidine pharma grade (1), Hibidil (Salt/Mix), Hibisol (Salt/Mix), Hibitane (Salt/Mix), Hibiscrub (Salt/Mix), Hibispray (Salt/Mix), NSC526936, Spectrum_000237, Savloclens (Salt/Mix), 3697-42-5, Prestwick0_000143, Prestwick1_000143, Prestwick2_000143, Prestwick3_000143, Spectrum2_000135, Spectrum3_000339, Spectrum4_000277, Spectrum5_001322, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [MI], Hexamethylenebis(5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide), EC 200-238-7, SCHEMBL3984, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [HSDB], Chlorhexidine pharma grade [INCI], Chlorhexidine pharma grade, >=99.5%, BSPBio_000246, BSPBio_001977, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [VANDF], KBioGR_000774, KBioSS_000717, 4-12-00-01201 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS001332387, MLS002154209, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [MART.], DivK1c_000761, SPBio_000210, SPBio_002185, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [USP-RS], Chlorhexidine pharma grade [WHO-DD], BPBio1_000272, BDBM51937, BDBM64773, cid_9552079, KBio1_000761, KBio2_000717, KBio2_003285, KBio2_005853, KBio3_001197, cid_12303047, NINDS_000761, REGID_for_CID_9552079, BDBM152706, HMS1568M08, HMS2095M08, HMS2233B16, HMS3712M08, (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chlorophenyl) guanidine, Chlorhexidine pharma grade diacetate salt hydrate, HY-B1248, Tox21_110325, Tox21_201404, Tox21_303445, BDBM50170723, s5397, AKOS005394319, Tox21_110325_1, CCG-220143, CS-4958, DB00878, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N1,N14-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, IDI1_000761, N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]amino]methylene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]guanidine;hydrochloride, (1E)-2-[6-[[azanyl-[(E)-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamido]methanimidoyl}amino)hexyl]carbamimidamido}methanimidamide.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is a cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.
Its mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria.
It has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade's antimicrobial effects are associated with the attractions between chlorhexidine (cation) and negatively charged bacterial cells.
After chlorhexidine is absorpted onto the organism's cell wall, it disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms.
Aqueous solutions of chlorhexidine are most stable within the pH range of 5-8.
Above pH 8.0 chlorhexidine base is precipitated and in more acid conditions there is gradual deterioration of activity because the compound is less stable.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is a pharmaceutical-grade chemical compound widely used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in healthcare and medical applications.
It is the digluconate salt form of chlorhexidine, a biguanide derivative known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade was the first antimicrobial agent shown to inhibit dental plaque formation and the development of chronic gingivitis (Loe and Schiott 1970).
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is a cationic chlorophenyl bisbiguanide antiseptic.
Bisbiguanides are the primary second generation antiplaque agents exhibiting considerable substantivity and broad spectrum antibacterial properties.
In dental medicine, CHX was initially used for disinfection of the oral cavity prior to oral surgical procedures and in endodontics.
Plaque inhibition by CHX was first investigated in 1969 (Schroeder) but the first controlled clinical study was performed by Loe and Schiott (1970).
This study showed that rinsing for 60 sec, twice a day with 10 ml of a 0.2% (20 mg dose) CHX gluconate solution, in the absence of normal tooth cleaning, inhibited plaque regrowth and the development of gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is one of the most widely investigated and used antiplaque agents.
The advantage of CHX over other cationic agents is that it can bind strongly to many sites in the oral cavity and is released slowly over 7 to 12 hours after rinsing, thus providing considerable substantivity and a sustained antimicrobial effect restricting bacterial proliferation.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade binds strongly with anionic glycoproteins and phosphoproteins on the oral mucosa and tooth pellicle in addition to its property of binding to the surfaces of bacterial cell membranes affecting the cells ability to adhere.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is considered the most potent chemotherapeutic agent currently available.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is a cationic compound, meaning it carries a positive charge, which allows it to interact with negatively charged microbial cell membranes.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is typically supplied as a colorless to pale yellow aqueous solution.
Pharma-grade formulations usually contain 20% active Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade, but it can be diluted to appropriate concentrations depending on the intended application.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used for oral care to reduce plaque, gingivitis, and oral infections.
Commonly applied before surgeries or invasive procedures to sterilize the skin.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used for cleaning and preventing infection in cuts, burns, and abrasions.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used for cleaning surgical instruments, hospital equipment, and surfaces.
Helps prevent microbial colonization on medical devices like catheters.
Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain fungi and enveloped viruses.
Provides long-lasting antimicrobial effects due to its ability to bind to tissues and surfaces.
Safe for use on human skin and mucous membranes at recommended concentrations.
Melting point: 134-136 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 641.45°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1555 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6300 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble0.08% at 20°C
pka: pKa 10.78 (Uncertain)
Water Solubility: 0.08 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 13,2108
BRN: 2826432
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.080
A Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade may be prepared either by condensation of polymethylene bisdicyandiamide with 4-chloroaniline hydrochloride or by condensation of 4-chlorophenyl dicyandiamine with hexamethylenediamine dihydrochloride.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade may also be synthesized from a series of biguanides.
This topical antiseptic product acts rapidly but, like hexachlorophene, persists on the skin to give a cumulative, continuing antibacterial effect.
Like iodophors and alcohol, it is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, as well as common yeasts and fungi.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade does not lose effectiveness in the presence of whole blood.
Many consider it the antiseptic of choice for skin cleansing and surgical scrubs.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade should not be used near the eyes or mucosal surfaces, because it may cause irritation or even anaphylaxis.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is a biguanide topical antiseptic and disinfectant with broad antimicrobial efficacy.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is increasingly being used as an aseptic but it is also gaining use as a biocidal ingredient in shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes, sunscreens, toothpastes, mouthwashes (Corsodyl), wet wipes (also for babies), eye creams, antiwrinkle creams, moisturizers, contact lens solutions, and instillation gels for urinary catheters.
Urticaria following application to intact skin or mucosae, in some cases accompanied by dyspnea, angioedema, syncope, or anaphylaxis has been described via the mucosal route at much lower concentration than elsewhere, generally as low as 0.05%.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts are cationic in solution and are therefore incompatible with soaps and other anionic materials.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts are compatible with most cationic and nonionic surfactants, but in high concentrations of surfactant chlorhexidine activity can be substantially reduced owing to micellar binding.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts of low aqueous solubility are formed and may precipitate from chlorhexidine solutions of concentration greater than 0.05% w/v, when in the presence of inorganic acids, certain organic acids, and salts (e.g. benzoates, bicarbonates, borates, carbonates, chlorides, citrates, iodides, nitrates, phosphates, and sulfates).
At chlorhexidine concentrations below 0.01% w/v precipitation is less likely to occur.
In hard water, insoluble salts may form owing to interaction with calcium and magnesium cations.
Solubility may be enhanced by the inclusion of surfactants such as cetrimide.
Other substances incompatible with Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts include viscous materials such as acacia, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch, and tragacanth.
Also incompatible are brilliant green, chloramphenicol, copper sulfate, fluorescein sodium, formaldehyde, silver nitrate, and zinc sulfate.
Interaction has been reported between Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade and the hydrogel poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), which is a component of some hydrophilic contact lenses.
The positively charged chlorhexidine molecules interact with the negatively charged phospholipids of microbial cell membranes, leading to leakage of intracellular components.
It interferes with essential enzymes within the microbial cells, leading to cell death.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade binds strongly to surfaces such as the skin, teeth, and mucous membranes, providing prolonged antimicrobial protection.
Effective against gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
Effective against fungi like Candida species and enveloped viruses such as herpes and influenza.
Bacteria show minimal development of resistance compared to antibiotics.
Prolonged action due to strong adherence to skin and mucosal surfaces.
Minimal absorption into the bloodstream when applied topically, making it safe for widespread use.
Uses:
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade, the "gold standard" in oral antiseptics, has been used to optimize novel slow release chlorhexidine coatings based on fatty acids in surgical sutures.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade, antibacterial agent, has been used in preparaing chlorhexidine-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles, useful for oral hygiene and dental treatment.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade was the first antimicrobial agent shown to inhibit dental plaque formation and the development of chronic gingivitis (Loe and Schiott 1970).
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is a cationic chlorophenyl bisbiguanide antiseptic.
Bisbiguanides are the primary second generation antiplaque agents exhibiting considerable substantivity and broad spectrum antibacterial properties.
In dental medicine, Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade was initially used for disinfection of the oral cavity prior to oral surgical procedures and in endodontics.
Plaque inhibition by CHX was first investigated in 1969 (Schroeder) but the first controlled clinical study was performed by Loe and Schiott (1970).
This study showed that rinsing for 60 sec, twice a day with 10 ml of a 0.2% (20 mg dose) CHX gluconate solution, in the absence of normal tooth cleaning, inhibited plaque regrowth and the development of gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is one of the most widely investigated and used antiplaque agents.
The advantage of Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade over other cationic agents is that it can bind strongly to many sites in the oral cavity and is released slowly over 7 to 12 hours after rinsing, thus providing considerable substantivity and a sustained antimicrobial effect restricting bacterial proliferation.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade binds strongly with anionic glycoproteins and phosphoproteins on the oral mucosa and tooth pellicle in addition to its property of binding to the surfaces of bacterial cell membranes affecting the cells ability to adhere.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is considered the most potent chemotherapeutic agent currently available.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade, the "gold standard" in oral antiseptics, has been used to optimize novel slow release chlorhexidine coatings based on fatty acids in surgical sutures.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade, antibacterial agent, has been used in preparaing chlorhexidine-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles, useful for oral hygiene and dental treatment.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in eye drop formulations using capillary electrophoresis technique with contactless conductivity detection.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is an important medical, dental and pharmaceutical antiseptic, disinfectant and preservative.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is bactericida and fungicidalsy but does not kill bacterial spores or mycobacteria, although it inhibits growth.
It has a low order of activity against viruses, but high concentrations are effective in killing cysts of Acanthamoeba spp., organisms of potential clinical significance to the wearers of contact lenses.
Properties Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is a bisbiguanide which is available as the acetate (diacetate), hydrochloride and gluconate salts.
These are stable in solution and can be autoclaved although small amounts of chloroaniline are released.”
As a cationic agent, Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is incompatible with anionic surfactants and its antimicrobial activity is reduced in the presence of non-ionic surface-active agents.
Activity is also reduced or abolished by phospholipids (a factor of significance in neutralizing chlorhexidine activity during the performance of biocidal tests) and by organic matter including serum.
Some of these aspects have been well documented in the recent comprehensive paper of Nicoletti et al.”
They also point out that the efficacy of Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is influenced by formulation components and by the composition of the culture medium in which minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are determined.
Cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.
Its mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts are widely used in pharmaceutical formulations in Europe and Japan for their antimicrobial properties.
Although mainly used as disinfectants, Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts are also used as antimicrobial preservatives.
As excipients, Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts are mainly used for the preservation of eye-drops at a concentration of 0.01% w/v; generally the acetate or gluconate salt is used for this purpose.
Solutions containing 0.002–0.006% w/v chlorhexidine gluconate have also been used for the disinfection of hydrophilic contact lenses.
For skin disinfection, Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade has been formulated as a 0.5% w/v solution in 70% v/v ethanol and, in conjunction with detergents, as a 4% w/v surgical scrub.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts may also be used in topical antiseptic creams, mouthwashes, dental gels, and in urology for catheter sterilization and bladder irrigation.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts have additionally been used as constituents of medicated dressings, dusting powders, sprays, and creams.
Pre-surgical skin preparation to reduce the risk of infection.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used as a surgical scrub for healthcare professionals.
Cleans and disinfects minor cuts, abrasions, and burns.
Prevents infections in chronic wounds like diabetic ulcers.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade active ingredient in mouthwashes to treat gingivitis, periodontitis, and bad breath.
Reduces plaque and bacterial load in the oral cavity.
Prevents microbial colonization on urinary catheters, central lines, and surgical implants.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used in specialized solutions to disinfect and manage burn wounds.
Controls oral bacteria to maintain gum and dental health.
Commonly prescribed after dental surgery or for patients with compromised oral hygiene.
Applied to gums to treat infections or during dental procedures.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade cleansing wounds or surgical sites on animals.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used in veterinary clinics for pre-procedural skin antisepsis.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade cleans and disinfects medical equipment and high-touch surfaces in hospitals.
Used in impregnated wipes or sprays for sterilization purposes.
Found in antimicrobial hand rubs and soaps used by healthcare workers.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used in over-the-counter products for skin cleansing.
Reduces bacterial presence on skin prone to infections.
Helps eliminate odor-causing bacteria.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade occasionally used to disinfect equipment in food processing plants.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade incorporated into formulations for its antimicrobial effects.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is used as a standard antimicrobial agent in testing and research.
Used as a surgical scrub for skin preparation.
Found in hand scrubs and pre-surgical antiseptics.
Storage:
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade and its salts are stable at normal storage temperatures when in the powdered form.
However, chlorhexidine hydrochloride is hygroscopic, absorbing significant amounts of moisture at temperatures up to 378℃ and relative humidities up to 80%.
Heating to 1508℃ causes decomposition of chlorhexidine and its salts, yielding trace amounts of 4-chloroaniline.
However, chlorhexidine hydrochloride is more thermostable than the acetate and can be heated at 1508℃ for 1 hour without appreciable formation of 4-chloroaniline.
In aqueous solution, Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade salts may undergo hydrolysis to form 4-chloroaniline, catalyzed by heating and an alkaline pH.
Following autoclaving of a 0.02% w/v Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade solution at pH 9 for 30 minutes at 1208℃, it was found that 1.56% w/w of the original chlorhexidine content had been converted into 4-chloroaniline; for solutions at pH 6.3 and 4.7 the 4-chloroaniline content was 0.27% w/w and 0.13% w/w, respectively, of the original gluconate content.
In buffered 0.05% w/v Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade solutions, maximum stability occurs at pH 5.6.
When Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade were autoclaved at various time and temperature combinations, the rate of hydrolysis increased markedly above 1008℃, and as pH increased or decreased from pH 5.6.
At a given pH, chlorhexidine gluconate produced more 4- chloroaniline than the acetate.
It was predicted that in an autoclaved solution containing 0.01% w/v chlorhexidine, the amount of 4-chloroaniline formed would be about 0.00003%.
At these low concentrations there would be little likelihood of any toxic hazard as a result of the increase in 4- chloroaniline content in the autoclaved solution.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade and aqueous-based products may be packaged in glass and high-density polyethylene or polypropylene bottles provided that they are protected from light.
If not protected from light, Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade solutions containing 4-chloroaniline discolor owing to polymerization of the 4-chloroaniline.
Safety Profile:
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade and its salts are widely used, primarily as topical disinfectants.
As excipients, chlorhexidine salts are mainly used as antimicrobial preservatives in ophthalmic formulations.
Animal studies suggest that the acute oral toxicity of Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade is low, with little or no absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
However, although humans have consumed up to 2 g of Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade daily for 1 week, without untoward symptoms, chlorhexidine is not generally used as an excipient in orally ingested formulations.
Reports have suggested that there may be some systemic effects in humans following oral consumption of Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade.
Similarly, the topical application of Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade or its salts produced evidence of very slight percutaneous absorption of chlorhexidine, although the concentrations absorbed were insufficient to produce systemic adverse effects.
Severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic shock, have been reported following the topical administration of Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade, although such instances are rare given the extensive use of chlorhexidine and it salts.
Poison by intraperitoneal andintravenous routes.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Chlorhexidine digluconate pharma grade a human skin irritant mutation data reported.
When heated to decomposition itemits very toxic fumes of Cl- and NOx.
