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CHLORHEXIDINE PHARMA GRADE

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a chemical antiseptic and disinfectant that is widely used in various pharmaceutical and healthcare applications.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade in pharmaceutical or pharma-grade refers to a high-purity, pharmaceutical-quality version of the compound.

CAS Number: 55-56-1
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10
Molecular Weight: 505.45
EINECS Number: 200-238-7

Chlorhexidine pharma grade, 55-56-1, Rotersept, Fimeil, Hexadol, Soretol, Chlorhexidin, Chlorhexidinum, Cloresidina [DCIT], Chlorhexidin [Czech], Chlorhexidinum [INN-Latin], Clorhexidina [INN-Spanish], Nolvasan, Merfen-incolore, Chlorhexadine, Dentisept, 1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane, 1,6-Di(4'-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane, 1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane, Chlorohexidine, Tubulicid, Chlorhexidine pharma grade (INN), 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), 1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, Sterilon, CHEMBL790, R4KO0DY52L, MLS001332388, CHEBI:3614, Cloresidina, Clorhexidina, DTXSID2033314, Chlorhexidine pharma grade-d8 Dihydrochloride, Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, CAS-55-56-1, NCGC00016246-03, SMR000857146, Sterido, Savlon babycare, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [INN], N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)], N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [INN:BAN], DTXCID0013314, Chlorhexidine pharma grade dihydrochloride, MLS001304094, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-3-(6-{N-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidoyl]amino}hexyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidamide, CCRIS 9230, 1246816-96-5, HSDB 7196, Merfen-incolore (TN), SR-01000799135, Nolvasan (*Diacetate*), 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide), 1,1'-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide], SMR000718621, EINECS 200-238-7, UNII-R4KO0DY52L, Lisium (*Dihydrochloride*), BRN 2826432, 1,6-Di(N-p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane, Dentisept [veterinary] (TN), 1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane, Prestwick_53, Chlorhexidine pharma grade (1), Hibidil (Salt/Mix), Hibisol (Salt/Mix), Hibitane (Salt/Mix), Hibiscrub (Salt/Mix), Hibispray (Salt/Mix), NSC526936, Spectrum_000237, Savloclens (Salt/Mix), 3697-42-5, Prestwick0_000143, Prestwick1_000143, Prestwick2_000143, Prestwick3_000143, Spectrum2_000135, Spectrum3_000339, Spectrum4_000277, Spectrum5_001322, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [MI], Hexamethylenebis(5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide), EC 200-238-7, SCHEMBL3984, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [HSDB], Chlorhexidine pharma grade [INCI], Chlorhexidine pharma grade, >=99.5%, BSPBio_000246, BSPBio_001977, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [VANDF], KBioGR_000774, KBioSS_000717, 4-12-00-01201 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS001332387, MLS002154209, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [MART.], DivK1c_000761, SPBio_000210, SPBio_002185, Chlorhexidine pharma grade [USP-RS], Chlorhexidine pharma grade [WHO-DD], BPBio1_000272, BDBM51937, BDBM64773, cid_9552079, KBio1_000761, KBio2_000717, KBio2_003285, KBio2_005853, KBio3_001197, cid_12303047, NINDS_000761, REGID_for_CID_9552079, BDBM152706, HMS1568M08, HMS2095M08, HMS2233B16, HMS3712M08, (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chlorophenyl) guanidine, Chlorhexidine pharma grade diacetate salt hydrate, HY-B1248, Tox21_110325, Tox21_201404, Tox21_303445, BDBM50170723, s5397, AKOS005394319, Tox21_110325_1, CCG-220143, CS-4958, DB00878, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N1,N14-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, IDI1_000761, N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]amino]methylene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]guanidine;hydrochloride, (1E)-2-[6-[[azanyl-[(E)-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamido]methanimidoyl}amino)hexyl]carbamimidamido}methanimidamide.

This ensures that the Chlorhexidine pharma grade is produced and formulated to meet the stringent quality and purity standards required for pharmaceutical use.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade's antimicrobial effects are associated with the attractions between Chlorhexidine pharma grade (cation) and negatively charged bacterial cells.
After Chlorhexidine pharma grade is absorpted onto the organism's cell wall, it disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms.
Aqueous solutions of Chlorhexidine pharma grade are most stable within the pH range of 5-8.

Above pH 8.0 Chlorhexidine pharma grade base is precipitated and in more acid conditions there is gradual deterioration of activity because the compound is less stable.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade [55-56-1], 1,6-bis(4-chlorophenylbiguanido)hexane, C22H30Cl2N10, Mr 505.45, mp 134 ℃, is a widely used antiseptic (→Disinfectants).

Chlorhexidine pharma grade can be prepared, for example, from 1,6-hexamethylenebis(dicyandiamide) and 4-chloroaniline hydrochloride.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used primarily as its salts (e.g., the dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate) in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eyedrops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).
Chlorhexidine pharma grade (CHX) was the first antimicrobial agent shown to inhibit dental plaque formation and the development of chronic gingivitis (Loe and Schiott 1970).

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a cationic chlorophenyl bisbiguanide antiseptic.
Bisbiguanides are the primary second generation antiplaque agents exhibiting considerable substantivity and broad spectrum antibacterial properties.
In dental medicine, Chlorhexidine pharma grade was initially used for disinfection of the oral cavity prior to oral surgical procedures and in endodontics.

Plaque inhibition by Chlorhexidine pharma grade was first investigated in 1969 (Schroeder) but the first controlled clinical study was performed by Loe and Schiott (1970).
This study showed that rinsing for 60 sec, twice a day with 10 ml of a 0.2% (20 mg dose) CHX gluconate solution, in the absence of normal tooth cleaning, inhibited plaque regrowth and the development of gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is one of the most widely investigated and used antiplaque agents.

The advantage of CHX over other cationic agents is that it can bind strongly to many sites in the oral cavity and is released slowly over 7 to 12 hours after rinsing, thus providing considerable substantivity and a sustained antimicrobial effect restricting bacterial proliferation.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade binds strongly with anionic glycoproteins and phosphoproteins on the oral mucosa and tooth pellicle in addition to its property of binding to the surfaces of bacterial cell membranes affecting the cells ability to adhere.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is considered the most potent chemotherapeutic agent currently available.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade transparent aqueous and alcoholic solutions for the pharmaceutical market and will soon launch 2% alcoholic solutions, as well as colored versions of each solution.
All these products are based on Chlorhexidine pharma grade Digluconate as an active ingredient.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade’s expertise in the European registration process and cGMP-approved facilities, combined with approval for first dossier in The Netherlands, enables us to offer customers dossiers ready to license out.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade Acetate, with its broad-spectrum utility, is a testament to our commitment to delivering robust and versatile chemical solutions tailored for global usage.
Whether are in North America, Central and South America, Western and Eastern Europe, Asia, Australasia, the Middle East, or Africa, our product caters to diverse industrial needs across numerous geographies.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade, the most popular antiseptic of biguanides, acts as a potential antimicrobial agent against several gram-positive and a few gram-negative bacteria.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is prescribed as a medicine for the prevention and treatment of the redness, swelling, and bleeding gums associated with gingivitis in humans.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may also be used as a general-purpose disinfectant for cleansing wounds, skin, instrument, and equipment in veterinary applications.
Other applications of Chlorhexidine pharma grade include its use as the component of shampoos, ointments, skin and wound cleansers etc.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade acetate is cationic surfactant, wide antimicrobial spectrum, for most gram-positive and negative bacteria killing effect, is also effective to pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in hand before surgery, skin, plane surface and instruments disinfection.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial biguanide used as a topical antiseptic and in dental practice for the treatment of inflammatory dental conditions caused by microorganisms.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is one of the most common skin and mucous membrane antiseptic agents in use today.
The molecule itself is a cationic bis-guanide consisting of two 4-chlorophenyl rings and two biguanide groups joined by a central hexamethylene chain.
Topical Chlorhexidine pharma grade for disinfection, as well as oral rinses for dental use, carries activity against a broad range of pathogens including bacteria, yeasts, and viruses.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is available over-the-counter in various formulations (e.g. solution, sponge, cloth, swab) as a topical antiseptic to sanitize prior to surgeries and/or medical procedures.
Dental formulations, available by prescription only, include an oral rinse indicated for the treatment of gingivitis11 and a slow-release "chip" which is inserted into periodontal pockets and is indicated for the reduction of pocket depth in adult patients with periodontitis as an adjunct therapy to dental scaling and root planing procedures.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are widely used in pharmaceutical formulations in Europe and Japan for their antimicrobial properties.

Although mainly used as disinfectants, Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are also used as antimicrobial preservatives.
As excipients, Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are mainly used for the preservation of eye-drops at a concentration of 0.01% w/v; generally the acetate or gluconate salt is used for this purpose.
Solutions containing 0.002–0.006% w/v Chlorhexidine pharma grade gluconate have also been used for the disinfection of hydrophilic contact lenses.

For skin disinfection, Chlorhexidine pharma grade has been formulated as a 0.5% w/v solution in 70% v/v ethanol and, in conjunction with detergents, as a 4% w/v surgical scrub.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts may also be used in topical antiseptic creams, mouthwashes, dental gels, and in urology for catheter sterilization and bladder irrigation.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts have additionally been used as constituents of medicated dressings, dusting powders, sprays, and creams.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade Diacetate is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action.
Aqueous solutions of Chlorhexidine pharma grade are most stable within the pH range of 5-8.

Melting point: 134-136 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 641.45°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1555 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6300 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble0.08% at 20°C
pka: pKa 10.78 (Uncertain)
Water Solubility: 0.08 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 13,2108
BRN: 2826432
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.080

Chlorhexidine pharma grade may be prepared either by condensation of polymethylene bisdicyandiamide with 4-chloroaniline hydrochloride or by condensation of 4-chlorophenyl dicyandiamine with hexamethylenediamine dihydrochloride.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may also be synthesized from a series of biguanides.
This topical antiseptic product acts rapidly but, like hexachlorophene, persists on the skin to give a cumulative, continuing antibacterial effect.

Like iodophors and alcohol, it is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, as well as common yeasts and fungi.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade does not lose effectiveness in the presence of whole blood.
Many consider it the antiseptic of choice for skin cleansing and surgical scrubs.

Contact allergy is not uncommon.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade should not be used near the eyes or mucosal surfaces, because it may cause irritation or even anaphylaxis.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is commonly used in dentistry for its antibacterial properties.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is employed in various dental products such as mouthwashes, dental gels, and surgical scrubs to reduce the risk of oral infections and to maintain oral hygiene.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions are sometimes used in the care of burn wounds.
The antiseptic properties of Chlorhexidine pharma grade help prevent infections in burn injuries.

In healthcare settings, particularly in the management of catheters and urinary tract infections, Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions may be used to reduce the risk of bacterial colonization.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is occasionally used in ophthalmic solutions for its antimicrobial properties.
However, its use in this context is less common compared to other applications.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is found in skin cleansers and antiseptic washes for general skin hygiene, particularly in healthcare facilities and clinical settings.
Similar to its use in human medicine, Chlorhexidine pharma grade is utilized in veterinary medicine for various applications, including wound care, surgical site preparation, and oral care for animals.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is part of infection prevention protocols in healthcare facilities to reduce the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections.

Before surgeries, Chlorhexidine pharma grade is often used for preoperative skin preparation to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.
Effective treatment and prevention for oral hygiene.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade Gluconate Mouthwash is firmly established as the mouthwash of clinical choice.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is the proven, prescribed and recommended treatment for gingivitis and oral hygiene.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is an important medical, dental and pharmaceutical antiseptic, disinfectant and preservative.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is bactericida and fungicidalsy but does not kill bacterial spores or mycobacteria, although it inhibits growth.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade has a low order of activity against viruses, but high concentrations are effective in killing cysts of Acanthamoeba spp., organisms of potential clinical significance to the wearers of contact lenses.
Properties Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a bisbiguanide which is available as the acetate (diacetate), hydrochloride and gluconate salts.
These are stable in solution and can be autoclaved although small amounts of chloroaniline are released.”

As a cationic agent, Chlorhexidine pharma grade is incompatible with anionic surfactants and its antimicrobial activity is reduced in the presence of non-ionic surface-active agents.
Activity is also reduced or abolished by phospholipids (a factor of significance in neutralizing Chlorhexidine pharma grade activity during the performance of biocidal tests) and by organic matter including serum.
Some of these aspects have been well documented in the recent comprehensive paper of Nicoletti et al.”

They also point out that the efficacy of Chlorhexidine pharma grade is influenced by formulation components and by the composition of the culture medium in which minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are determined.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a disinfectant and antiseptic with the molecular formula C22H30Cl2N10, which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a liquid or a powder.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is commonly used in salt form, either the gluconate[4] or the acetate.

Side effects may include skin irritation, tooth discoloration, and allergic reactions, although the risk appears to be the same as other topical antiseptics.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade rinse is also known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste.
Rinsing with water is not recommended as it is known to increase the bitterness.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade may cause eye problems if direct contact occurs.
Use in pregnancy appears to be safe.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may come mixed in alcohol, water, or surfactant solution.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is effective against a range of microorganisms, but does not inactivate spores.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade came into medical use in the 1950s.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is available over the counter in the United States.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
In 2021, it was the 247th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are cationic in solution and are therefore incompatible with soaps and other anionic materials.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are compatible with most cationic and nonionic surfactants, but in high concentrations of surfactant Chlorhexidine pharma grade activity can be substantially reduced owing to micellar binding.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts of low aqueous solubility are formed and may precipitate from Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions of concentration greater than 0.05% w/v, when in the presence of inorganic acids, certain organic acids, and salts (e.g. benzoates, bicarbonates, borates, carbonates, chlorides, citrates, iodides, nitrates, phosphates, and sulfates).
At Chlorhexidine pharma grade concentrations below 0.01% w/v precipitation is less likely to occur.

In hard water, insoluble salts may form owing to interaction with calcium and magnesium cations.
Solubility may be enhanced by the inclusion of surfactants such as cetrimide.
Other substances incompatible with Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts include viscous materials such as acacia, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch, and tragacanth.

Also incompatible are brilliant green, chloramphenicol, copper sulfate, fluorescein sodium, formaldehyde, silver nitrate, and zinc sulfate.
Interaction has been reported between Chlorhexidine pharma grade gluconate and the hydrogel poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), which is a component of some hydrophilic contact lenses.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK.

Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a common ingredient in hand sanitizers and hand hygiene products used in healthcare settings and general public use.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade helps in reducing the microbial load on hands.

In certain dermatological conditions, such as acne or skin infections, formulations containing Chlorhexidine pharma grade may be prescribed for topical application.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions are used for disinfecting surgical instruments, ensuring that they are free from harmful microorganisms before use in medical procedures.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may be included as a preservative in some ophthalmic solutions and eye drops to prevent microbial contamination.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is often used in the care of central venous catheters to reduce the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs).
In hemodialysis units, Chlorhexidine pharma grade may be added to dialysis fluids to prevent contamination and reduce the risk of infections associated with the procedure.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions can be used in nail surgery and related procedures to disinfect the affected area.

In some formulations, Chlorhexidine pharma grade is combined with other antifungal agents for the treatment of fungal infections of the skin and nails.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may be included in intravascular flush solutions to maintain catheter patency and prevent infections associated with intravascular devices.

In certain healthcare settings, Chlorhexidine pharma grade may be used as part of infection control measures to prevent respiratory infections.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is sometimes formulated into topical antimicrobial sprays for general skin disinfection.

Uses Of Chlorhexidine pharma grade:
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is an antibacterial used for numerous applications.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a cationic polybiguanide (bisbiguanide) used primarily as its salts, dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is one of those drugs which are enlisted/included in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important drugs needed in a basic health system.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a germicidal compound in teat dips.
Also used as navel treatment, udder and eye wash, surgical scrub and sterilization material.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as an antibacterial agent in humans to control gingivitis and over all plaque control in preventative dentistry.
Hydrogenolysis of benzyl-nitrogen bonds.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade, the "gold standard" in oral antiseptics, has been used to optimize novel slow release Chlorhexidine pharma grade coatings based on fatty acids in surgical sutures.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade, antibacterial agent, has been used in preparaing Chlorhexidine pharma grade-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles, useful for oral hygiene and dental treatment.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a disinfectant for dental instruments and equipment during dental procedures to prevent cross-contamination.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade used in preoperative patient bathing to reduce the microbial load on the skin and minimize the risk of surgical site infections.

Included in solutions used for peritoneal dialysis to reduce the risk of peritonitis.
Employed to reduce the risk of infections associated with intravascular devices such as catheters.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a disinfectant in nail surgery and related procedures.

Integrated into infection control protocols to minimize the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections.
Included in certain formulations for the treatment of gingivitis and other gum diseases.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as part of strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units.

Employed to reduce the risk of infections associated with urinary catheters.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in some formulations for sanitizing equipment and surfaces in the food processing industry.
Included in certain foot care products to prevent or treat fungal infections and bacterial issues.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in the aftercare of tattoos to prevent infection and promote healing.
Employed in aquaculture for the disinfection of water and equipment.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in veterinary dentistry for disinfecting dental instruments and maintaining oral hygiene in animals.

Included in preservation solutions for corneal tissue in eye banks.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a disinfectant in laboratory settings to prevent contamination of surfaces and equipment.
Applied in some water treatment processes for its antimicrobial properties.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a topical antiseptic in liquid cosmetics.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is strongly alkaline and may cause irritation.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a biguanide topical antiseptic and disinfectant with broad antimicrobial efficacy.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is increasingly being used as an aseptic but it is also gaining use as a biocidal ingredient in shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes, sunscreens, toothpastes, mouthwashes (Corsodyl), wet wipes (also for babies), eye creams, antiwrinkle creams, moisturizers, contact lens solutions, and instillation gels for urinary catheters.
Urticaria following application to intact skin or mucosae, in some cases accompanied by dyspnea, angioedema, syncope, or anaphylaxis has been described via the mucosal route at much lower concentration than elsewhere, generally as low as 0.05%.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical formulations by various chromatography techniques.

These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).

A 2019 Cochrane review concluded that based on very low certainty evidence in those who are critically ill "it is not clear whether bathing with Chlorhexidine pharma grade reduces hospital-acquired infections, mortality, or length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), or whether the use of Chlorhexidine pharma grade results in more skin reactions."
In endodontics, Chlorhexidine pharma grade has been used for root canal irrigation and as an intracanal dressing.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade has however been replaced by the use of sodium hypochlorite bleach in much of the developed world.

Use of a Chlorhexidine pharma grade-based mouthwash in combination with normal tooth care can help reduce the build-up of plaque and improve mild gingivitis.
There is not enough evidence to determine the effect in moderate to severe gingivitis.
Its use as a mouthwash has a number of adverse effects including damage to the mouth lining, tooth discoloration, tartar build-up, and impaired taste.

Extrinsic tooth staining occurs when Chlorhexidine pharma grade rinse has been used for four weeks or longer.
Mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine pharma grade which stain teeth less than the classic solution have been developed, many of which contain chelated zinc.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (in concentrations ≥ 1 μg/L).
Significantly higher concentrations (10 to more than 73 μg/mL) are required for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is ineffective against polioviruses and adenoviruses.

The effectiveness against herpes viruses has not yet been established unequivocally.
There is strong evidence that Chlorhexidine pharma grade is more effective than povidone-iodine for clean surgery.
Evidence shows that it is an effective antiseptic for upper limb surgery.

Meta-data spanning several decades shows that the efficacy of Chlorhexidine pharma grade (against organisms that cause surgical site infection) has not changed, dispelling concerns over emerging resistance.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade gluconate is used as a skin cleanser for surgical scrubs, as a cleanser for skin wounds, for preoperative skin preparation, and for germicidal hand rinses.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is commonly used as an antiseptic in pharmaceutical and healthcare products.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is often included in formulations for skin disinfection, wound care, and surgical site preparation.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is a common ingredient in mouthwashes, toothpaste, and oral care products due to its antimicrobial properties.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade helps control plaque, gingivitis, and other oral infections.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions are used topically for disinfecting skin before surgery or medical procedures to reduce the risk of infection.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used as a preservative in some pharmaceutical formulations to prevent microbial contamination.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is sometimes included in formulations for vaginal antiseptic solutions used in gynecological procedures.
In wound care products, Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used for its antibacterial properties to prevent or treat infections in cuts, abrasions, and other skin injuries.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is widely used in hospitals and healthcare settings for various disinfection purposes, such as hand sanitizers and preoperative skin preparations.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is also employed in veterinary medicine for antiseptic purposes in wound care and surgical procedures.
Found in hand sanitizers and handwashes to reduce the microbial load on hands.
Commonly used in mouthwashes, toothpaste, and dental gels for its antimicrobial properties in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing dental infections.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used for preoperative skin disinfection to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.
Applied topically to wounds and abrasions for its antibacterial properties in preventing or treating infections.
Included in burn wound care to prevent infections in burn injuries.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used to disinfect catheters and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections.
Employed to reduce the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections in central venous catheters.
Added to dialysis fluids to prevent contamination and reduce the risk of infections associated with hemodialysis.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in gynecological procedures for vaginal antiseptic solutions.
Included in some ophthalmic solutions and eye drops as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination.
Prescribed for certain dermatological conditions, such as acne or skin infections, for topical application.

Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in certain formulations for treating acne due to its antibacterial properties.
Included in some formulations for the treatment of fungal infections of the skin and nails.
Applied in veterinary medicine for wound care, surgical site preparation, and oral care in animals.

Employed in healthcare settings for infection prevention and control, including hand hygiene, surface disinfection, and environmental cleaning.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in certain healthcare settings to prevent respiratory infections.
Utilized for disinfecting surgical instruments to ensure their sterility before medical procedures.

Included as a preservative in some pharmaceutical formulations to prevent microbial contamination.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade is used in some cosmetic products to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
Formulated into topical antiseptic sprays for general skin disinfection.

Safety Profile Of Chlorhexidine pharma grade:
Poison by intraperitoneal andintravenous routes.
Mildly toxic by ingestion.
A human skin irritant.Mutation data reported.

When heated to decomposition itemits very toxic fumes of Cl- and NOx.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade and its salts are widely used, primarily as topical disinfectants.
As excipients, Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are mainly used as antimicrobial preservatives in ophthalmic formulations.

Animal studies suggest that the acute oral toxicity of Chlorhexidine pharma grade is low, with little or no absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
However, although humans have consumed up to 2 g of Chlorhexidine pharma grade daily for 1 week, without untoward symptoms, Chlorhexidine pharma grade is not generally used as an excipient in orally ingested formulations.
Reports have suggested that there may be some systemic effects in humans following oral consumption of Chlorhexidine pharma grade.

Similarly, the topical application of Chlorhexidine pharma grade or its salts produced evidence of very slight percutaneous absorption of Chlorhexidine pharma grade, although the concentrations absorbed were insufficient to produce systemic adverse effects.
Severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic shock, have been reported following the topical administration of Chlorhexidine pharma grade, although such instances are rare given the extensive use of Chlorhexidine pharma grade and it salts.

In ophthalmic preparations, irritation of the conjunctiva occurs with Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions of concentration stronger than 0.1% w/v.
Accidental eye contact with 4% w/v Chlorhexidine pharma grade gluconate solution may result in corneal damage.

Storage Of Chlorhexidine pharma grade:
Chlorhexidine pharma grade and its salts are stable at normal storage temperatures when in the powdered form.
However, Chlorhexidine pharma grade hydrochloride is hygroscopic, absorbing significant amounts of moisture at temperatures up to 378℃ and relative humidities up to 80%.
Heating to 1508℃ causes decomposition of Chlorhexidine pharma grade and its salts, yielding trace amounts of 4-chloroaniline.

However, Chlorhexidine pharma grade hydrochloride is more thermostable than the acetate and can be heated at 1508℃ for 1 hour without appreciable formation of 4-chloroaniline.
In aqueous solution, Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts may undergo hydrolysis to form 4-chloroaniline, catalyzed by heating and an alkaline pH.
Following autoclaving of a 0.02% w/v Chlorhexidine pharma grade gluconate solution at pH 9 for 30 minutes at 1208℃, it was found that 1.56% w/w of the original Chlorhexidine pharma grade content had been converted into 4-chloroaniline; for solutions at pH 6.3 and 4.7 the 4-chloroaniline content was 0.27% w/w and 0.13% w/w, respectively, of the original gluconate content.

In buffered 0.05% w/v Chlorhexidine pharma grade acetate solutions, maximum stability occurs at pH 5.6.
When Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions were autoclaved at various time and temperature combinations, the rate of hydrolysis increased markedly above 1008℃, and as pH increased or decreased from pH 5.6. At a given pH, Chlorhexidine pharma grade gluconate produced more 4- chloroaniline than the acetate.
It was predicted that in an autoclaved solution containing 0.01% w/v Chlorhexidine pharma grade, the amount of 4-chloroaniline formed would be about 0.00003%.

At these low concentrations there would be little likelihood of any toxic hazard as a result of the increase in 4- chloroaniline content in the autoclaved solution.
Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions and aqueous-based products may be packaged in glass and high-density polyethylene or polypropylene bottles provided that they are protected from light.
Cork-based closures or liners should not be used in packaging in contact with Chlorhexidine pharma grade solutions as Chlorhexidine pharma grade salts are inactivated by cork.