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Chlorinated paraffin is a complex chemical material prepared by chlorinating paraffin fractions obtained from petroleum distillation.
Chlorinated Paraffin is odorless, yellowish, and viscous with end-user applications and chlorinated paraffin uses for different applications by various industries.
Chlorinated Paraffin is a non-flammable, non-corrosive and low volatility liquid at room temperature.
CAS Number: 106232-86-4
Molecular Formula: C24H44Cl6
Molecular Weight: 0
EINECS Number: 264-150-0
Chlorinated Paraffins are mixtures manufactured by chlorination of specific normal paraffinic ractions (straight chain hydrocarbons) obtained from petroleum refining.
Chlorinated paraffin is a group of synthetic chemicals that consist of various straight-chain
hydrocarbons (paraffins) with chlorine atoms bonded to them.
These chemicals are typically used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various applications.
The specific properties of chlorinated paraffins can vary depending on factors such as the length of the carbon chain, the degree of chlorination, and the types of chlorinated compounds present.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes (paraffin wax).
The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Chlorinated Paraffins are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated Paraffins are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Chlorinated paraffins are manufactured by the chlorination of specified normal paraffin fractions (straight-chain hydrocarbons) obtained from petroleum refining.
Ordinary commercial chlorinated paraffins are not single compounds but are mixtures, each containing several homologous n-alkanes corresponding to their manufacture from n-paraffin fractions with several different degrees of chlorination.
Chlorinated paraffins are chemicals manufactured by chlorination of liquid n-paraffin or paraffin wax.
The largest application for chlorinated paraffins is as a plasticiser and flame-retardant in flexible PVC. They are also used as plasticisers in paint, sealants and adhesives.
Higher chlorine content grades are used as flame-retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems.
Another major outlet for chlorinated paraffins is in the formulation of metalworking lubricants where they have long been recognised as one of the most effective additives that can be used in a wide range of engineering areas.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous in the environment due to their large-scale usage, persistence, and long-range atmospheric transport.
The oceans are a critical environment where Chlorinated Paraffins transformation occurs.
However, the broad impacts of Chlorinated Paraffins on the marine environment remain unclear.
Chlorinated Paraffin 70% is a chlorinated paraffin wax (C 22-C30 ) - an organic compounds containing chloride polychlorinated n-alkanes.
Chlorinated Paraffin is a white/off-white powder.
The product functions as an additive in metal working fluids, sealants, paints and coatings.
Chlorinated Paraffin is essentially soluble in aliphatics and hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, however is insoluble in water, glycerine and glycols.
Chlorinated Paraffin is essentially soluble in aliphatics and hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, however is insoluble in water, glycerine and glycols.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of certain organic compounds containing chloride: polychlorinated n-alkanes.
The chlorination degree of Chlorinated Paraffins can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Chlorinated Paraffins are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs, C10–13), medium chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, CPs are colourless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Chlorinated paraffin waxes (CPWs) are produced by chlorination of straight-chained paraffin wax ractions.
The carbon chain length of commercial chlorinated paraffin wax is usually between 10 and 30 carbon atoms, and the chlorine content is usually between 40 and 70% by weight.
Chlorinated paraffin waxes are viscous colorless or yellowish dense oils with low vapor pressures, except for those of long carbon chain length with high chlorine content (70%), which are solid.
Chlorinated paraffin waxes are practically insoluble in water, lower alcohols, glycerol and glycols, but are soluble in chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, ethers, mineral oils and some cutting oils.
They are moderately soluble in unchlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Chlorinated paraffin wax consist of extremely complex mixtures, owing to the many possible positions for the chlorine atoms.
Chlorinated paraffin is a major secondary plasticizer used in the manufacturing of flexible PVC and chlorinated paraffin uses enhances the flame-retardant properties in PVC products such as PVC cables, flooring, and garden pipe raw material.
Another chlorinated paraffin use over other plasticizers is the overall low-cost manufacturing of products.
Chlorinated paraffin uses are that is used as excessive pressure additives such as metal working lubricants and cutting oil.
This is due to the compatibility with oils, viscous nature, and property of hydrochloric acid at high-temperature changes.
Some other chlorinated paraffin uses are that they improve the resistance to water and chemicals making them most suitable to be used in the manufacturing of marine paints, and as a coating for industrial flooring, vessels, and swimming pools.
The application for which chlorinated paraffin is required decides the level of chlorination and grade of chlorinated paraffin used.
Chlorinated paraffins are obtained by the chlorination of hydrocarbons.
These plasticizers consist of 30-70% chlorine which makes them act like flame retardants too.
The higher the chlorine content, weaker is the plasticizing effect of chlorinated paraffins for PVC.
This category of plasticizers offer high chemical stability and moisture resistance but are thermally unstable, which limits their applications to processing temperatures within 175⁰C.
Therefore, for higher processing temperature applications, other stabilizers are added.
The difference between chlorinated paraffin and paraffin is that chlorinated paraffin is a chlorinated derivative of paraffin hydrocarbons, and their uses are different.
Chlorinated paraffin is a chlorinated derivative of paraffin hydrocarbon, which has the advantages of low volatility, flame retardancy, good electrical insulation, and low price.
Chlorinated Paraffin can be used as a flame retardant and an auxiliary plasticizer for PVC.
Widely used in the production of cable materials, floor materials, hoses, artificial leather, rubber and other products.
Chlorinated Paraffin is a mixture of hydrocarbons extracted from certain distillates of petroleum, shale oil or other bituminous mineral oils.
The main component is solid alkanes, odorless and tasteless, white or light yellow translucent solid.
Chlorinated paraffin is a group of chemicals that consists of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
They are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various industries, including the manufacturing of plastics, rubber, paints, and textiles.
Chlorinated paraffins are formed by the chlorination of long-chain hydrocarbons and have varying degrees of chlorine content.
Chlorinated paraffin offers several beneficial properties, including excellent thermal stability, flame retardancy, low volatility, and chemical resistance.
These properties make them valuable additives in the production of flexible PVC products, such as cables, pipes, and flooring materials.
They act as effective flame retardants, improving the fire resistance of these materials.
Chlorinated paraffins are often added to products like plastics, rubber, and textiles to reduce their flammability.
They can act as flame retardants by releasing chlorine radicals when exposed to heat or flames, which can interrupt the combustion process.
Chlorinated paraffins are also used as plasticizers, which are substances added to plastics to make them more flexible and easier to process.
They can enhance the properties of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and other polymers.
Some types of chlorinated paraffins are used in metalworking fluids and lubricants to improve viscosity, reduce friction, and enhance the cutting and grinding process.
Chlorinated paraffins have been the subject of environmental and health concerns due to their potential persistence in the environment and possible toxicity.
Some formulations of chlorinated paraffins have been phased out or regulated in certain regions due to these concerns.
Density: 1.16
FreezingPoint: -30℃
Chlorinated paraffins are industrial chemicals, which may also be found in some consumer products.
Chlorinated paraffins are a family of complex chemical mixtures composed of varying lengths of carbon atom chains.
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins have 10 to 13 carbon atoms, medium-chain chlorinated paraffins have 14 to 17 carbon atoms, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins have 18 or more carbon atoms.
Chlorinated paraffin (CP) – is a complex chemical substance of polychlorinated n-alkanes used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
Chlorinated paraffin offers a low-cost and flame-retardant solution for a wide range of applications.
When treated at high temperatures, CP liberated a good amount of HCL and in its condensed form, HCL contributes to the formation of char.
In the vapor phase, HCl can act as a flame poison.
When decomposed, Chlorinated Paraffin forms a char-like residue that acts as a flame retardant.
Due to its flame-retardant property, chlorinated paraffin uses are in the manufacturing of rubber, plastics, sealants, lubricants, industrial coatings, adhesives, fabrics, or any application where fire resistance is essential.
Many manufacturers use water-based detergents/ adhesives to clean metal parts.
All these water-based detergent extractions eliminate containments like grease and oil, it can also remove plasticizers that are much needed for an effective formulation.
Chlorinated paraffin releases hydrochloric acid at a high temperature which then bonds with the metal surface and forms a thin and solid film of lubrication.
Chlorinated paraffin uses are vast with most demand by industries due to its other characteristic which is stain resistant.
This is a very important factor for the chlorinated paraffin uses where aesthetics plays a major role such as flooring, wall coverings, and upholstery.
Along with this, sulfurized additives can stain metals and cause rancidity.
In comparison to other plasticizers, chlorinated paraffin uses ensures great flexibility at a lower temperature.
So, with these characteristics, chlorinated paraffin uses to enhance the manufacture of products that require high flexibility, especially in cold weather such as flooring, wire, cable insulation, and garden hose.
For the production of plastics, the chlorinated plasticizer is added to increase the elasticity such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
Chlorinated paraffin is highly resistant to water and chemicals. With this advantage, chlorinated paraffin is added to paints, sealants, and coatings.
Chlorinated Paraffin is especially used in paints for traffic markings and marine applications such as swimming pools, vessel manufacturing, and industrial flooring.
Chlorinated paraffin provides viscosity stability to plastisol.
This is especially critical and effective in the manufacturing of PVC plastisol, to maintain its viscosity stability for an extended period of time. This is beneficial usually during the dip and rotational molding.
Chlorinated paraffins are classified into different categories based on their carbon chain length and degree of chlorination.
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins typically have carbon chain lengths of 10-13 carbon atoms, while long-chain chlorinated paraffins can have chain lengths of up to 30 or more carbon atoms.
Chlorinated paraffins have a wide range of applications, including in the manufacturing of PVC products (such as pipes, cables, and vinyl flooring), as a flame retardant in various consumer goods, and as an additive in metalworking fluids, paints, and sealants.
Chlorinated paraffins are known for their resistance to degradation, which can result in their accumulation in the environment and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms.
Chlorinated Paraffins are subject to regulatory measures due to their potential environmental and health risks.
The specific regulations and restrictions can vary from one place to another.
For instance, some formulations of chlorinated paraffins have been banned or restricted for certain uses.
Prolonged exposure to certain types of chlorinated paraffins may pose health risks.
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins, in particular, have been associated with health concerns in some studies.
Chlorinated Paraffin's important to follow safety precautions and guidelines when handling these chemicals.
Due to the environmental and health concerns associated with chlorinated paraffins, there is ongoing research and development to find safer alternatives, especially in applications where these chemicals have traditionally been used as flame retardants and plasticizers.
Production Of Chlorinated Paraffin:
Chlorinated paraffins are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (<2 % isoparaffins, <100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C.
The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
Chlorinated Paraffins are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
CPs are produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.
In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of chlorinated paraffins were produced in 2007.
Production and use volumes of Chlorinated Paraffins exceeded 1,000,000 tons in 2013.
Uses Of Chlorinated Paraffin:
Chlorinated paraffin is used as a secondary plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), in applications such as cables, where it improves resistance to water and chemicals, as an additive to paints, coatings and sealants, and as a road marking coating.
Differences in chlorine content also affect its use, for example, flame retardants can be used with a chlorine content of about 70 percent, and those used as plasticizers have a chlorine content between 45 and 52 percent.
Production of Chlorinated Paraffins for industrial use started in the 1930s, with global production in 2000 being about 2 million tonnes.
Currently, over 200 Chlorinated Paraffin formulations are in use for a wide range of industrial applications, such as flame retardants and plasticisers, as additives in metal working fluids, in sealants, paints, adhesives, textiles, leather fat and coatings.
The largest use of SC Chlorinated Paraffins is as a component of lubricants and coolants in metal cutting and metal forming operations.
The second-largest use is as both a secondary plasticizer and a flame retardant in plastics, especially PVC.
Other minor domestic SC Chlorinated Paraffin uses are as a plasticizer and a flame-retardant additive to a variety of products including: rubber formulations, paints and other coatings, and adhesives and sealants.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used widely as a secondary plasticizer in flexible PVC compounds notably cable, footwear, hosing, conveyor belting, coated fabric and profiles.
In these applications it can be used to partially replace more expensive primary plasticizers.
In compounds with flame-retardant requirements, Chlorinated Paraffin is used to partially replace more expensive primary flame-retardants.
An important benefit of Chlorinated Paraffin is its ability to reduce the unit cost of flexible PVC compounds.
Correct reformulation with UNICHLOR produces PVC compounds with comparable physical properties: softness or hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break and others, as well as heat aged retention of physical properties.
Increasingly, regulations specify flame resistance/ fire resistant in a growing number of applications.
Chlorinated Paraffin is suitable for incorporation into PVC compounds and a range of other compounds and polymers, including polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester resins and natural and synthetic rubbers in products such as conveyor belts, polystyrene foam and glass fiber reinforced polyester.
Textiles for carpets, carpet backing, tarpaulins and tents and Paints can be treated with compositions to induce flame retardancy.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used in lubricants as an extreme pressure additive, where it forms a tenacious film on working parts.
In cutting oils Chlorinated Paraffin is used as an additive to minimize ‘weld’ formation.
In paints Chlorinated Paraffin is used as a plasticizer for binders and resins.
Chlorinated Paraffin is also used in caulks and sealants.
Chlorinated Paraffin used as a secondary plasticizer in polymer compositions (cable, shoe and other flexible PVC compounds, films, plastisols, linoleum, etc.), as a component in oiling compositions in leather industry. Well combined with basic plasticizers based on phthalic acid (dibutyl phthalate and dioctylphthalate) and easily introduced into PVC compositions used for the production of “flexible” (cables, hoses, boots, films, linoleum, etc.) and “rigid” (conduits, fittings) products.
The main application for Chlorinated Paraffin (CP) is as a flame retardant.
When exposed to high temperatures, Chlorinated paraffin (CP) releases a substantial amount of HCI.
In its condensed phase, HCI contributes to the formation of char.
Chlorinated paraffins are used in metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and high pressure lubricating oils, as a plasticizer and in some cases as flame retardants in various polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Chlorinated paraffins may also be used in products such as paints, sealants, rubber and elastomers.
Based on the most recent data available, chlorinated paraffins are not manufactured commercially, but are imported into Canada.
Chlorinated Paraffin is mainly used as a flame retardant in conveyer belt, V belts, natural & synthetic rubber.
Chlorinated Paraffin is mainly used as a plasticizer in formulation of PVC compounds & granules used in wires & cables, PVC windows and door profiles, PVC flooring, films & sheets, PVC foot wears, etc.
Chlorinated Paraffin is used in Polyurethane and Polysulfide based sealants and adhesives.
Safety Profile Of Chlorinated Paraffin:
Short-chain Chlorinated Paraffins are classified as persistent and their physical properties (octanol-water partition oefficient (logKOW) 4.4–8, depending on the chlorination degree) imply a high potential for bioaccumulation.
Chlorinated Paraffins are classified as toxic to aquatic organisms, and carcinogenic to rats and mice.
Therefore, Chlorinated Paraffin was concluded that SCCPs have PBT and vPvB properties and they were added to the Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation under REACH Regulation.
Chlorinated Paraffins (average chain length of C12, chlorination degree 60 wt%) were categorised in group 2B as possibly carcinogenic to humans from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
In 2017, it was agreed to globally ban Chlorinated Paraffins under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, effective December 2018.
However, also MCCPs are toxic to the aquatic environment and persistent; MCCPs in soil, biota, and most of the sediment cores show increasing time trends over the last years to decades; MCCP concentrations in sediment close to local sources exceed toxicity thresholds such as the PNEC.
In July 2021 also MCCPs were added to the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) under the REACH Regulation.
Chlorinated paraffins have been detected in marine life such as cetaceans (whales) and bivalves (molluscs).
Of particular concern is fetal accumulation in whales, with the chemicals beginning to build-up in the offspring before they are even born.
Synonyms Of Chlorinated Paraffin:
106232-86-4
Chlorinated paraffin
Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, mixed with polypropylene, chlorinated
68553-93-5
Chlorinated atactic polypropylene, chlorinated paraffin
DTXSID1099696
