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Chlorinated paraffins are used spare parts of rubber conveyor belts in the mining and forestry industries.
Chlorinated paraffins are used leather industry, in particular fatliquoring in leather.
Chlorinated paraffins are used lubricant additives, in particular for engines of automobiles, electric generators and wind power facilities, and for drilling in oil and gas exploration, petroleum refinery to produce diesel oil.
CAS numbers: CPs have multiple CAS numbers depending on chain length:
Short-chain CPs (C10–13): 63449-39-8
Medium-chain CPs (C14–17): 85535-85-9
Long-chain CPs (C18+): 68648-85-9
EC / EINECS numbers:
SCCPs: 284-953-8
MCCPs: 287-476-5
LCCPs: 271-781-5
Chemical formula: There is no single formula. General formula is often written as CₙH₂ₙ₊₂₋ₓClₓ, where n = 10–30 (carbon chain length) and x = number of chlorine atoms (typically 30–70% by weight).
Molecular weight: Highly variable depending on chain length and chlorination degree, roughly 300–1000+ g/mol.
Molecular Formula: C24H44Cl6
Molecular Weight: 545.3 g/mol
SYNONYMS:
Chlorinated Paraffin Waxes, Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Waxes, Chloroalkanes, Long-chain Chlorinated Paraffins, LCCP, Cereclor, Chlorcosane, Arubren, Chlorowax, Clorafin, Flexchlor, Unichlor, Paroil chlorez, Arubren CP, Cerechlor 54, Chloroflo 35, Chloroflo 40, Chloroflo 42, Cereclor 30, Cereclor 42, Cereclor 48, Cereclor 51L, Cereclor 52, Cereclor 54, Cereclor 56L, Cereclor 63L, Cereclor 65L, Cereclor 70, Cereclor 70L, Cereclor S52, Cereclor S70, Chlorez 700hmp, Unichlor 50, Cereclor 50LV, Cereclor S 42, Crechlor S 45, Chloroparaffine 40G, Adekacizer E 410, Adekacizer E 450, Adekacizer E 470, Aquamix 108, Chlorez 700, Creclor S 45, ADK Cizer 450, ADK Cizer 470, ADK Cizer E 410, HSDB 4214, NCI-C53587, EINECS 264-150-0, EC 264-150-0, Derminolfett, Electrofine, Hordaresin, Hordaflam, DTXSID1033325, Chlorinated paroils, Chlorowax 4040, Chlorinated alpha-olefin, CERECLOR 50LU, RefChem:575643, CHLOROWAX 705, Cere paraffiniche clorurate, Chlorinated hydrocarbon waxes, DTXSID6033326, CHLORO ALKANES, C10-12, 56509-64-9, NOCAS_33326, 4,8,11,14,17,21-hexachlorotetracosane, SCHEMBL2577273, CHEMBL1892619, DTXSID60860783, QKUNKVYPGIOQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N, Chloroparaffin C18-C20 49% Cl, NCGC00091464-01, NS00014226, 2307470-52-4, Chlorinated alkanes, Chlorinated waxes, Chlorafin, Flexchlor, NCI-C53587, Polychlorinated alkanes, Unichlor, Chlorinated Paraffins, Chlorinated Paraffins, Chlorinated Paraffin,
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are manufactured substances consisting of predominantly linear chloroalkanes, with different degrees of chlorination and chain length distributions depending on the application and feedstock.
This proposal is for any Chlorinated paraffins product that has constituents with 14 to 17 carbon atoms (C14-17) and a chlorination level at or exceeding 45% chlorine by weight (Cl wt.).
These congeners are the principal constituents of substances called “medium-chain chlorinated paraffins” (MCCPs) in Europe, North America and Australia, and major constituents of several products manufactured in Asia.
Due to the possible confusion regarding different product names, the proposal for listing is based on specific chain lengths and degrees of chlorination.
Nevertheless, most of the available hazard and monitoring information is available from assessments on the substance called MCCPs, and so the term “MCCPs” is used in these instances.
Chlorinated Paraffins (CPs) are a group of complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes (paraffin wax).
Chlorinated paraffins are produced by chlorinating specific normal paraffinic fractions obtained from petroleum refining.
The chlorination degree of Chlorinated paraffins can vary between 30% and 70% by weight.
Chlorinated paraffins are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into:
Short-chain CPs (SCCPs): C10–13
Medium-chain CPs (MCCPs): C14–17
Long-chain CPs (LCCPs): C18 and above
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated paraffins can be colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Chlorinated paraffins (CP), also known as polychlorinated alkanes, generally consist of a linear hydrocarbon chain in which some hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine atoms.
The degree of chlorination can vary between 30 and 70 per cent.
Depending on the chain length, Chlorinated paraffins are categorised as short-chain (SCCP; C10 -13), medium-chain (MCCP; C14 -17) and long-chain CPs (LCCP; C>17).
The physico-chemical properties of Chlorinated paraffins are determined by the chain length and the degree of chlorination.
Chlorinated paraffins are chemicals that are used, among other things, as flame retardants, plasticisers or as additives in lubricants, paints and coatings.
Due to decades of worldwide manufacture and high production volumes, Chlorinated paraffins can be found almost everywhere today.
Mixtures of organic compounds consisting of saturated and unbranched hydrocarbons whose hydrogen atoms have been partially substituted by chlorination are referred to as Chlorinated paraffins.
Chlorinated paraffins are produced at temperatures between 80 and 100 °C by reacting paraffins with chlorine gas.
In some processes, the chlorination is also promoted by UV light or the addition of oxygen.
Due to their high chlorine content, Chlorinated paraffins are also suitable as flame retardants, since the hydrogen chloride formed at high temperatures inhibits the spread of fire.
For this purpose, chlorinated paraffins are added to many products made of rubber, plastics, textiles and paper.
Chlorinated paraffins are an almost ubiquitous group of substances due to the high production quantities and decades of worldwide production.
The inherent odor of Chlorinated paraffins, reminiscent of chlorine, gradually increases as the degree of chlorination increases.
As electrically very non-polar compounds, Chlorinated paraffins are hardly soluble in water.
On the other hand, Chlorinated paraffins are readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, chloroform, acetone, diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, methanol and ethanol.
Chlorinated paraffins are chemicals manufactured by chlorination of liquid n-paraffin or paraffin wax.
Another major outlet for chlorinated paraffins is in the formulation of metalworking lubricants where they have long been recognised as one of the most effective additives that can be used in a wide range of engineering areas.
Chlorinated paraffins are products obtained by chlorination of linear aliphatic hydrocarbons; various types of liquid chlorinated paraffins can be obtained, differing from each other in the percentage of chlorine and the length of the paraffinic raw material chain (Cloparin Serie).
The chlorinated chlorosulfonated paraffins instead come from a process of “chlorosulfonation” that uses both chlorine and sulfur dioxide.
Chlorinated paraffins are a complex chemical substance of polychlorinated n-alkanes used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
The chlorination degree of Chlorinated paraffins can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Chlorinated paraffins are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into :
Short-chain C10-C13
Medium-chain C14-C17
Long-chain C>17
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated paraffins are colourless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Chlorinated paraffins, also known as chloroparaffins, are a range of polychlorinated alkanes employed in a wide variety of industrial and commercial processes, including the manufacturing of metals, plastics, and liquid products like paint or sealant.
Chlorinated paraffins are typically subpided according to their carbon chain length, with distinctions drawn between short (SCCPs; C10-C13), medium (MCCPs; C14-C17), and long-chain variants (LCCPs; >C17).
Chlorinated paraffins are mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes produced by the reaction of chlorine with specific normal paraffin fractions from petroleum distillation.
Carbon-chain lengths of commercial products are generally between C10 and C30, and the chlorine content is typically between 40 and 70%.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes (paraffin wax).
The chlorination degree of Chlorinated paraffins can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Chlorinated paraffins are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated paraffins are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Chlorinated paraffins appear as a clear, colorless to light amber viscous liquid.
Chlorinated paraffins have a slight odor or no odor.
Chlorinated paraffins with an average chain length of 12, containing 60% chlorine by wt.
USES and APPLICATIONS of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Chlorinated paraffins are used additives in the production of transmission belts in the natural and synthetic rubber industry.
Chlorinated paraffins are used spare parts of rubber conveyor belts in the mining and forestry industries.
Chlorinated paraffins are used leather industry, in particular fatliquoring in leather.
Chlorinated paraffins are used lubricant additives, in particular for engines of automobiles, electric generators and wind power facilities, and for drilling in oil and gas exploration, petroleum refinery to produce diesel oil.
Chlorinated paraffins are used tubes for outdoor decoration bulbs.
Chlorinated paraffins are used waterproofing and fire-retardant paints, Adhesives, Metal processing.
Chlorinated paraffins are used secondary plasticizers in flexible polyvinyl chloride, except in toys and children’s products
Chlorinated paraffins are primarily used in metalworking applications and in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing.
Chlorinated paraffins are also used as plasticizers and flame retardants in a variety of applications, including in paints, adhesives and sealants, leather fat liquors, plastics, rubber, textiles and polymeric materials.
Historically, Chlorinated paraffins have been used as lubricants and coolants in metalworking fluids (MWF).
In general, lubricants that are chlorinated paraffins or contain chlorinated paraffin additives are designed to lubricate parts that experience extreme pressures, and are used in deep drawing, tube bending and cold heading.
The transition away from using SCCPs, and chlorinated paraffins in general, in metalworking applications has included the development of alternatives as well as alternative processes.
Production of Chlorinated paraffins for industrial use started in the 1930s, with global production in 2000 being about 2 million tonnes.
Currently, over 200 Chlorinated paraffins formulations are in use for a wide range of industrial applications, such as flame retardants and plasticisers, as additives in metal working fluids, in sealants, paints, adhesives, textiles, leather fat and coatings.
Chlorinated paraffins are synthesized by reacting chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions at temperatures between 80–100°C, often using UV light to promote the reaction.
The desired degree of chlorination is achieved, and residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are removed.
Additives like epoxidized vegetable oil or organophosphorous compounds may be added to improve stability at high temperatures.
Chlorinated paraffins represent an important intermediate product in the chemical industry and are used in various industrial applications.
Mixtures of Chlorinated paraffins are used as plasticizers in the production of coatings and plastics, as binders in paint production, as fatliquors in textile processing and as an additive to joint sealants.
Chlorinated paraffins are often used as flame retardants, plasticisers or other additives in plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), paints, coatings or sealants.
In metal processing, Chlorinated paraffins are used as coolants and lubricants.
The largest application for chlorinated paraffins is as a plasticiser and flame-retardant in flexible PVC.
Chlorinated paraffins are also used as plasticisers in paint, sealants and adhesives.
Higher chlorine content grades of Chlorinated paraffins are used as flame-retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems.
Areas of application of Chlorinated paraffins: Plasticizers for coatings and plastics, fatliquors for leather and textile processing, paint binders, additives for joint sealants, flame retardants.
Among the various applications of the different types of Chlorinated paraffins, its main use is as a PVC plasticizer in total or partial replacement of other traditional plasticizers and in particular for: plastisol, electric cables, floorings, carpets, calendered surfaces, rolled sections, pipe extrusion, low temperature compounds and AE-plasticized PVC.
Chlorinated paraffins are also successfully used in flame-resistant PVC compounds.
PVC may itself be considered non-flammable, but when Chlorinated paraffins are plasticized with plasticizers such as phthalates it is deprived of its property.
Because of their full compatibility, low volatility, good stability and non-flammability, the various types of Chlorinated paraffins are used as plasticizers in preparation of solvent and emulsion paints and varnishes.
Besides Cloparin could be used as additive in treatment of textiles: in particular, chlorinated paraffins, due to their polar nature, have much greater bonding to the amino groups of the hide than the animal and vegetable oils normally used as greasing agents.
As a softening agent of the leather are better used chlorosulfonated chloroparaffins (Cloparten) which, after saponification and thanks to the double functional group of sulfonic acid salt (polar) that binds to the polars groups of the leather and the chlorinated chain (apolar) that remains outside, give a particular softness of the leather.
Finally Cloparin and Cloparol are used as additive in formulating lubricating, cutting and other industrial oils.
The main application for Chlorinated paraffins is as a flame retardant.
When exposed to high temperatures, Chlorinated paraffins releases a substantial amount of HCI.
In Chlorinated paraffins's condensed phase, HCI contributes to the formation of char.
Currently, over 200 formulations as Chlorinated paraffins are in use for a wide range of industrial applications.
Plasticizer: Chlorinated paraffins are used in some types of flooring, wire and cable insulation, and garden hose.
Paints – sealants – coatings : Chlorinated paraffins is used in traffic markings paint and marine applications, such as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels, swimming pools, etc.
Chlorinated paraffins are used adhesives, caulks, plastics, coolant or lubricant in metal working fluids, additives, textiles, leather fat, coating, upholstery furniture, and flooring.
Chlorinated paraffins are chemical compounds often used as flame retardants due to their fire- resistant properties.
Obtained through the chlorination of paraffinic hydrocarbons, these compounds are versatile in their applications.
Thanks to their ability to mix with other plasticizers, chlorinated paraffins can also be used as viscosity modifiers.
The physical and chemical properties of the mixtures vary depending on the type and ratio of the plasticizers used.
Due to the numerous advantages they offer, chlorinated paraffins are widely used in industries such as plastic, rubber, paint, mastics, and cables.
Chlorinated paraffins, also known as chloroparaffins, are a range of polychlorinated alkanes employed in a wide variety of industrial and commercial processes, including the manufacturing of metals, plastics, and liquid products like paint or sealant.
Chlorinated paraffins are used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride, as extreme-pressure additives in metal-machining fluids, as additives to paints, coatings and sealants to improve their resistance to chemicals and to water, and as flame retardants for plastics, fabrics, paints and coatings.
-Applications of Chlorinated paraffins are diverse and include: Plasticizers in plastics and rubber, Flame retardants in various materials, Additives in metalworking fluids, Lubricants and lubricant additives, Sealants and adhesives, Coatings and paints, and Textiles and leather fat.
Varying carbon chain lengths and levels of chlorination lead to different compounds possessing different properties, which ultimately affect their specific end use.
Chlorinated paraffins, in particular, are commonly used in metallurgical processes, whilst MCCPs are often used as flame retardants and softeners in PVC products.
Many commercially available mixtures, though, contain a variety of chloroparaffins with different chain lengths.
OCCURRENCE/USE of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Lubricant additive in metalworking fluid; flame retardant in plastics, rubber, and paints; water resistance improver; component of sealants, adhesives, detergents, finished leather; permitted as indirect food additive
PRODUCTION of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Chlorinated paraffins are synthesized for industrial by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions at a temperature of 80–100 °C since the 1930s.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
Chlorinated paraffins are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
BENEFITS OF USING CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
*Overall Chlorinated paraffin offers:
Flame-retardant low-cost solution for a wide range of applications.
Greater flexibility at lower temperatures than conventional plasticizers.
Improved resistance to both water and chemicals.
Improved stain resistance.
Viscosity regulation for PVC plastisols stability during dip and rotational molding.
Lubricant for metal surface during cleaning of metal parts.
The cleaning process eliminates contaminants like grease and oil, Chlorinated paraffins can also remove plasticizers that are required for an effective formulation.
PRODUCTION of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Chlorinated paraffins are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (<2 % isoparaffins, <100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C.
The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
Chlorinated paraffins are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
Chlorinated paraffins are produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.
In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of chlorinated paraffins were produced in 2007.
Production and use volumes of CPs exceeded 1,000,000 tons in 2013.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Chlorinated paraffins are in liquid or solid form, depending on its degree of chlorination and the length of the hydrocarbon compounds it contains.
The 45% and 52% by weight chlorine specifications we trade are supplied as a liquid, while the 70% by weight Chlorinated paraffins have a waxy consistency at room temperature.
Chlorinated paraffins are hardly volatile and have a colorless to yellowish appearance.
Liquid chlorinated paraffins change into a viscous melt and then into a solid form in the temperature range from -30 °C to -10 °C.
SolidChlorinated paraffins become liquid at temperatures of approx. 100 °C.
COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
As a mixture of substances, Chlorinated paraffins consist of different but structurally similar compounds.
Chlorinated paraffins are unbranched, aliphatic hydrocarbons whose hydrogen atoms have been partially replaced by chlorine atoms during the manufacturing process.
A distinction is usually made between short-chain, medium-chain and long-chain Chlorinated paraffins.
The products we trade are long-chain Chlorinated paraffins that are made up of eighteen or more carbon atoms and have a degree of chlorination of 45%, 52% or 70%.
The properties of Chlorinated paraffins differ depending on the proportion of the mass that the chlorine atoms make up.
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
Molecular Weight: 545.3 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 11
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 21
Exact Mass: 544.154467 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 542.157418 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 30
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 334
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 6
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid or solid, depending on chlorination level.
Density: Ranges from 1.2 to 1.6 g/cm³, increasing with chlorine content.
Melting Point: Varies with chlorine content; some products have a melting point between 95–110°C.
Boiling Point: Typically above 400°C, with some sources indicating a range of 413–508°C.
Flash Point: Ranges from 230°C to 270°C, indicating low flammability.
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, ketones, and esters
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions; however, prolonged exposure to high temperatures (above 200°C) can lead to decomposition, releasing hydrochloric acid and potentially darkening the substance.
Reactivity: Generally unreactive; however, it can react with strong acids and alkalis.
Hydrolytic Stability: Resistant to hydrolysis, contributing to its persistence in the environment.
Lipophilicity: Highly lipophilic with a log Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient) greater than 5, indicating a tendency to bioaccumulate.
FIRST AID MEASURES of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CHLORINATED PARAFFINS:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
