CHLOROQUINE

Chloroquine is used to treat or prevent malaria infections.
Chloroquine is also used to treat amebiasis.
Chloroquine is used to treat or prevent malaria, a disease caused by parasites that enter the body through the bite of a mosquito.

CAS Number: 54-05-7 
Molecular Formula: C18H26ClN3
Molar mass: 319.88 g·mol−1

SYNONYMS:
Chloraquine, Chlorochin, Chloroquina, Chloroquinium, Chlorquin, Nivaquine, Aralen, Artrichin, Bipiquin, Malaquin, Quingamine, Reumachlor, Sanoquin, Roquine, RP 3377, Aralen, Chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine, 54-05-7, Aralen, Chlorochin, Chloraquine, Artrichin, Chloroquina, Chloroquinium, Capquin, Reumachlor, Chlorquin, Clorochina, Arthrochin, Chingamin, Gontochin, Bipiquin, Klorokin, Mesylith, Sanoquin, Trochin, Amokin, Nivaquine B, Bemaphate, Cloroquina, Khingamin, Resoquine, Chlorochine, Chloroquinum, Chlorochinum, RP 3377, CHEBI:3638, 4-N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-1-N,1-N-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, 7-Chloro-4-((4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl)amino)quinoline, N4-(7-Chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, NSC-187208, 886U3H6UFF, SN 7618, Arechine, DTXSID2040446, 7-Chloro-4-[[4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl]amino]quinoline, Quinoline, 7-chloro-4-((4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl)amino)-, 1,4-Pentanediamine, N(4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-, Chingaminum, N(4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, N'-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, Quinoline, 7-chloro-4-[[4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl]amino]-, Sulfate, Chloroquine, Sulphate, Chloroquine, 7-chloro-N-(5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl)quinolin-4-amine, 7-CHLORO-N-[5-(DIETHYLAMINO)PENTAN-2-YL]QUINOLIN-4-AMINE, DTXCID0020446, P01BA01, 200-191-2, Chemochin, Bemaco, Bemasulph, Benaquin, Cidanchin, Cocartrit, Dichinalex, Heliopar, Iroquine, Lapaquin, Pfizerquine, Quinachlor, Quinercyl, Quinilon, Quinoscan, Silbesan, Solprina, Sopaquin, Tresochin, Elestol, Imagon, Malaren, Malarex, Neochin, Roquine, Siragan, Quingamine, Ronaquine, N4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N1,N1-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, Avlochlor, Nivachine, Quinagamin, Quinagamine, Resochen, Resoquina, Reumaquin, Tanakan, WIN 244, 1,4-Pentanediamine, N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-, W 7618, {4-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]pentyl}diethylamine, MFCD00024009, Chloroin, Miniquine, Rivoquine, Tanakene, Arolen, Gontochin phosphate, CHEMBL76, SN 6718, Ipsen 225, N(sup 4)-(7-Chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(sup 1),N(sup 1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, NSC187208, Chloroquine (VAN), Clorochina [DCIT], N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine, 3377 RP, CQ, 1,4-Pentanediamine, N(sup 4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(sup 1),N(sup 1)-diethyl-, ST 21 (pharmaceutical), Chloroquinum [INN-Latin], Cloroquina [INN-Spanish], 1246815-14-4, 3377 RP opalate, Chloroquin, ST 21, C18H26ClN3, (+-)-Chloroquine, CCRIS 3439, HSDB 3029, Chloroquine (USP/INN), EINECS 200-191-2, {4-[(7-chloro(4-quinolyl))amino]pentyl}diethylamine, Malaquin (Diphosphate), NSC 187208, BRN 0482809, UNII-886U3H6UFF, Cloroquine, Chloroquine [USP:INN:BAN], Chloroquine, 17, Arechin (Salt/Mix), Delagil (Salt/Mix), Tanakan (Salt/Mix), RP-3377, Bemaphate (Salt/Mix), Resoquine (Salt/Mix), Chloroquine (Standard), Spectrum_000132, Chloroquine + Proveblue, CHLOROQUINE [MI], Prestwick0_000548, Prestwick1_000548, Prestwick2_000548, Prestwick3_000548, Spectrum2_000127, Spectrum3_000341, Spectrum4_000279, Spectrum5_000707, CHLOROQUINE [INN], (.+/-.)-Chloroquine, CHLOROQUINE [HSDB], Epitope ID:131785, MolMap_000009, CHLOROQUINE [VANDF], SCHEMBL8933, CHLOROQUINE [MART.], Lopac0_000296, BSPBio_000595, BSPBio_002001, CHLOROQUINE [WHO-DD], KBioGR_000778, KBioSS_000592, DivK1c_000404, CU-01000012392-2, SPBio_000174, SPBio_002516, GNF-Pf-4216, BPBio1_000655, GTPL5535, orb1298711, SCHEMBL29363614, BDBM22985, KBio1_000404, KBio2_000592, KBio2_003160, KBio2_005728, KBio3_001221, NINDS_000404, CHLOROQUINE [USP IMPURITY], HMS2090O03, HMS5087M13, HY-17589AR, CHLOROQUINE [USP MONOGRAPH], ALBB-025694, MSK11158, HY-17589A, s6999, SBB072644, AKOS015935106, CCG-204391, CS-W004760, DB00608, KH-0005, SB73098, SDCCGSBI-0050284.P005, IDI1_000404, SMP2_000034, NCGC00015256-02, NCGC00015256-03, NCGC00015256-04, NCGC00015256-05, NCGC00015256-06, NCGC00015256-07, NCGC00015256-08, NCGC00015256-09, NCGC00015256-10, NCGC00015256-13, NCGC00015256-17, NCGC00015256-28, NCGC00162120-01, DA-51857, FC150960, NCI60_000894, SY086904, WLN: T66 BNJ EMY1&3N2&2 IG, SBI-0050284.P004, AB00053436, C3730, CS-0021871, NS00001540, ST45028748, C07625, D02366, EN300-120683, MLS-0466768.0001, AB00053436-05, AB00053436_06, AB00053436_07, 1, N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-, Q422438, BRD-A91699651-065-01-1, BRD-A91699651-316-06-7, BRD-A91699651-316-09-1, BRD-A91699651-316-10-9, BRD-A91699651-316-11-7, n(sup4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-n(sup1),4-pentanediamine, quinoline, 7-chloro-4-(4-diethylamino-1-methyl)butylamino-, Quinoline, 7-chloro-4-(4-diethylamino-1-methyl-butylamino)-, N(4)-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N(1),N(1)-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, N4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N1,N1-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, 1,4-PENTANEDIAMINE, N(SUP 4)-(7-CHLORO-4-QUINOLINYL)-N(SUP 1),N (SUP 1)-DIETHYL-, 1,4-pentanediamine, N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-, phosphate (1:2), 7-Chloro-4-[[4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl]amino]quinoline;(+/-)-Chloroquine, N(sup4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(sup1),N(sup1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, 117399-83-4

Chloroquine is an antiparasitic medication that treats malaria.
Chloroquine works by increasing the levels of heme in the blood, a substance toxic to the malarial parasite.
This kills the parasite and stops the infection from spreading.

Certain types of malaria, resistant strains, and complicated cases typically require different or additional medication.
While Chloroquine has not been formally studied in pregnancy, it appears safe.
Chloroquine is taken by mouth.

Chloroquine was studied to treat COVID-19 early in the pandemic, but these studies were largely halted in the northern summer of 2020, and the NIH does not recommend its use for this purpose.
Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline.

As an antimalarial, Chloroquine works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell.
How Chloroquine works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear.
Chloroquine was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag.

Chloroquine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Chloroquine is available as a generic medication.
Chloroquine belongs to a group of medicines known as antimalarials.

Chloroquine works by preventing or treating malaria, a red blood cell infection transmitted by the bite of a mosquito.
However, this medicine is not used to treat severe or complicated malaria and to prevent malaria in areas or regions where chloroquine is known not to work (resistance).

Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline with antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and potential chemosensitization and radiosensitization activities.
Although the mechanism is not well understood, chloroquine is shown to inhibit the parasitic enzyme heme polymerase that converts the toxic heme into non-toxic hemazoin, thereby resulting in the accumulation of toxic heme within the parasite.

Chloroquine may also interfere with the biosynthesis of nucleic acids.
Chloroquine's potential chemosensitizing and radiosensitizing activities in cancer may be related to its inhibition of autophagy, a cellular mechanism involving lysosomal degradation that minimizes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related to tumor reoxygenation and tumor exposure to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.

Chloroquine is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1949 and is indicated for malaria and has 24 investigational indications.
Chloroquine is an aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at position 7 by chlorine.

Chloroquine is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Chloroquine has a role as an antimalarial, an antirheumatic drug, a dermatologic drug, an autophagy inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent.

Chloroquine is an aminoquinoline, a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound and an organochlorine compound.
Chloroquine is a conjugate base of a chloroquine(2+).
Chloroquine is an aminoquinolone derivative first developed in the 1940s for the treatment of malaria.

Chloroquine was the drug of choice to treat malaria until the development of newer antimalarials such as [pyrimethamine], [artemisinin], and [mefloquine].
Chloroquine and its derivative [hydroxychloroquine] have since been repurposed for the treatment of a number of other conditions including HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

The FDA emergency use authorization for [hydroxychloroquine] and chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 was revoked on 15 June 2020.
Chloroquine was granted FDA Approval on 31 October 1949.
Chloroquine is an Antimalarial.

Chloroquine has been reported in Cocos nucifera, Cinchona calisaya, and other organisms with data available.
Chloroquine (also known as chloroquine phosphate) is an antimalarial medicine.
Chloroquine is available in the United States by prescription only.

Chloroquine is sold under the brand name Aralen, and it is also sold as a generic medicine.
Chloroquine is available in tablets of two sizes: 150mg base (250mg salt) and 300mg base (500mg salt).
You should know that the 150mg base tablet is the same as the 250mg salt tablet and the 300mg base tablet is the same as the 500mg salt tablet.

It is just two different ways of describing the same thing.
Chloroquine can be prescribed for either prevention or treatment of malaria.
Chloroquine is a medication that treats and prevents malaria infections.

Malaria occurs after mosquitos deposit parasites into your body.
You can take Chloroquine by mouth with a glass of water as directed.
Chloroquine is, synthetic drug used in the treatment of malaria.

Chloroquine, discovered in 1934 and introduced into medicine in the 1940s, is a member of an important series of chemically related antimalarial agents, the quinoline derivatives.
Chloroquine is administered orally as chloroquine phosphate.

Chloroquine also can be given by intramuscular injection as chloroquine hydrochloride.
Chloroquine is effective against susceptible strains of the malarial parasites Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, and P. falciparum as well as certain parasitic worms and amoebas.

Chloroquine is a synthetic antimalarial medication that was first developed in 1934.
In addition to its antimalarial effects, chloroquine has been used extensively in rheumatology and dermatology since the 1950s.
Despite its early successes, the use of chloroquine has mostly been superseded by hydroxychloroquine, a safer hydroxylated analogue, and its availability is now limited.

Chloroquine has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and may also have a photoprotective effect.
Chloroquine is an antiprotozoal agent belonging to the 4-aminoquinoline class of drugs, derived from the chemical quinoline, known for its antimalarial properties.

The precise mechanism of chloroquine is not known.
Chloroquine may exert its effect against Plasmodium by accumulating inside the parasite’s acid vesicles which help digest blood, and inhibit the parasite’s ability to breakdown hemoglobin and draw nutrition for their survival and growth.

Chloroquine is effective only against the blood stage (erythrocytic) of the malarial parasite, and is ineffective against other stages including gametocyte and hypnozoite stages.
Other antimalarial therapies must be used in regions where the Plasmodium species have developed resistance to chloroquine.

Chloroquine is effective against the trophozoite stage of E. histolytica.
Chloroquine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug.
Chloroquine is a prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood.

Chloroquine has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
The mechanism of plasmodicidal action of chloroquine is not completely certain.

Like other quinoline derivatives, Chloroquine is thought to inhibit heme polymerase activity.
This results in accumulation of free heme, which is toxic to the parasites.
Inside red blood cells, the malarial parasite must degrade hemoglobin to acquire essential amino acids, which the parasite requires to construct its own protein and for energy metabolism.

Digestion is carried out in a vacuole of the parasite cell.
During this process, the parasite produces the toxic and soluble molecule heme.
The heme moiety consists of a porphyrin ring called Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX (FP).

To avoid destruction by this molecule, the parasite biocrystallizes heme to form hemozoin, a non-toxic molecule.
Hemozoin collects in the digestive vacuole as insoluble crystals.
Chloroquine enters the red blood cell, inhabiting parasite cell, and digestive vacuole by simple diffusion.

Chloroquine then becomes protonated (to CQ2+), as the digestive vacuole is known to be acidic (pH 4.7); chloroquine then cannot leave by diffusion.
Chloroquine caps hemozoin molecules to prevent further biocrystallization of heme, thus leading to heme buildup.

Chloroquine binds to heme (or FP) to form what is known as the FP-Chloroquine complex; this complex is highly toxic to the cell and disrupts membrane function.
Action of the toxic FP-Chloroquine and FP results in cell lysis and ultimately parasite cell autodigestion.

In essence, the parasite cell drowns in its own metabolic products.
The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood.
Chloroquine has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.

Chloroquine is a drug belonging to the pharmacological family of amino-4-quinolines.
Hydroxy Chloroquine = HCQ (marketed in France as Plaquenil) is a by-product.
It mainly treats malaria, but is also a treatment for various autoimmune inflammatory diseases (such as Lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis).

Chloroquine is a chemical substitute for quinine, an alkaloid substance of plant origin made from extracts of cinchona which comes from the bark of the cinchona tree.
This tree, which is native to Peru in high altitudes (Andes Cordillera).
Chloroquine's therapeutic properties (especially antipyretics) have been known since as early as the 17th century.

Quinine, a molecule extracted from this plant, serves as the basis for the synthesis of several drugs, such as
*chloroquine (antimalarial)
*mefloquine (antimalarial)
*hydroxychloroquine (anti-inflammatory)
*quinidine (antiarrhythmic), etc.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CHLOROQUINE:
Chloroquine is used off-label for certain autoimmune disorders.
Chloroquine also accumulates inside organelles of human immune cells, which prevents the proliferation of inflammatory T helper cells and the presentation of unique proteins (antigens) that autoimmune antibodies recognize and attack in autoimmune disorders.

This reduces inflammatory activity, including the activation of killer T-cells and the release of inflammatory proteins (cytokines).
The uses of chloroquine include: Treatment of uncomplicated malaria due to susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax

Prophylaxis of malaria in geographic areas where resistance to chloroquine is not present
Treatment of extraintestinal amebiasis
Chloroquine is used to prevent and treat malaria.

Chloroquine is also used to treat liver infection caused by protozoa (extraintestinal amebiasis).
Using Chloroquine alone or with other medicines (eg, azithromycin) may increase your risk of heart rhythm problems (eg, QT prolongation, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia).

Do not take any medicine that contains chloroquine unless prescribed by your doctor.
Chloroquine is also occasionally used for amebiasis that is occurring outside the intestines, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus.
Chloroquine is an aminoquinoline used for the prevention and therapy of malaria.

Chloroquine is also effective in extraintestinal amebiasis and as an antiinflammatory agent for therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus.
Chloroquine is not associated with serum enzyme elevations and is an extremely rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Chloroquine is also used in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Chloroquine is closely related to hydroxychloroquine, another type of quinoline derivative.
Hydroxychloroquine is also used in the treatment of malaria and inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Hydroxychloroquine has many of the same side effects as chloroquine, including an elevated risk of retinopathy, but generally is considered to be less toxic.
Chloroquine is used to treat or prevent malaria infections.

Chloroquine is also used to treat amebiasis.
Chloroquine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

Chloroquine is used to treat or prevent malaria, a disease caused by parasites that enter the body through the bite of a mosquito.
Chloroquine is not effective against all strains of malaria, or against malaria in areas where the infection has been resistant to a similar drug called hydroxychloroquine.

Chloroquine is also used to treat amebiasis (infection caused by amoebae).
Chloroquine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Uses of Chloroquine: antimalarial, amebiasis, off‑label rheumatologic autoimmune; no longer used for COVID‑19.

Chloroquine is a 4‑aminoquinoline derivative first developed in the 1940s, primarily used as an antimalarial agent—effective against Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and susceptible P. falciparum.

Chloroquine’s also used to treat extra‑intestinal amebiasis, and off‑label for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus.
Chloroquine was once considered for COVID‑19 treatment, but emergency use authorizations were revoked by mid‑2020.

MEDICAL USES of CHLOROQUINE:
*MALARIA
Chloroquine has been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria from Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae.
Chloroquine is generally not used for Plasmodium falciparum as there is widespread resistance to it.

Chloroquine has been extensively used in mass drug administrations, which may have contributed to the emergence and spread of resistance.
It is recommended to check if chloroquine is still effective in the region prior to using it.

In areas where resistance is present, other antimalarials, such as mefloquine or atovaquone, may be used instead.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend against treatment of malaria with chloroquine alone due to more effective combinations.

*AMEBIASIS
In treatment of amoebic liver abscess, chloroquine may be used instead of or in addition to other medications in the event of failure of improvement with metronidazole or another nitroimidazole within five days or intolerance to metronidazole or a nitroimidazole.

*RHEUMATIC DISEASE
As it mildly suppresses the immune system, chloroquine is used in some autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and has an off-label indication for lupus erythematosus.
Chloroquine is an antimalarial drug used to treat susceptible infections with P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. falciparum.

It is also used for second line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Chloroquine is an aminoquinolone derivative first developed in the 1940s for the treatment of malaria.

Chloroquine was the drug of choice to treat malaria until the development of newer antimalarials such as pyrimethamine, artemisinin, and mefloquine.

Chloroquine and its derivative hydroxychloroquine have since been repurposed for the treatment of a number of other conditions including HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

WHO USES CHLOROQUINE?
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have the same indications and usage, although the dosage regimens are different.
Head-to-head comparisons suggest similar responses with equivalent doses, but greater retinal toxicity with chloroquine.

In dermatology, antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine, are regarded as appropriate treatments for:
*Lupus erythematosus
*Reticular erythematous mucinosis
*Porphyria cutanea tarda
*Chronic ulcerative stomatitis
*Sarcoidosis
*Dermatomyositis.
*Antimalarial drugs are sometimes also used to treat other inflammatory skin diseases.

WHAT IS CHLOROQUINE USED FOR?
Chloroquine is commonly used for the following conditions.
Prevent and treat malaria.
Treatment of extraintestinal amebiasis (an infection from parasites that can affect the liver).

Chloroquine may not be the right medicine for some of the infections listed above, depending on which germs are causing the infection.
Germs in some locations may be resistant to chloroquine, which will make it not work as well.
Chloroquine may also be used for other conditions as determined by your health care provider.

HOW DOES CHLOROQUINE WORK (MECHANISM OF ACTION)?
Chloroquine kills certain parasites by increasing the amount of a substance toxic to parasites, which causes them to die.

WHAT IS CHLOROQUINE, AND WHAT IS CHLOROQUINE USED FOR?
Chloroquine is a medication used in the prevention and treatment of uncomplicated malaria and treatment of extraintestinal amebiasis.
Malaria is a disease caused by microscopic unicellular parasites belonging to the Plasmodium species, and spread by the bite of infective female Anopheles mosquitoes.

Amebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite that is transmitted from the stools of an infected person, in unsanitary conditions.
Amebiasis is mostly intestinal but the parasite can infect other organs such as the liver, lungs, brain and kidneys.

MECHANISM & CHARACTERISTICS of CHLOROQUINE:
Chloroquine belongs to the 4‑aminoquinoline class.
*Antimalarial action: 
Chloroquine raises heme levels in red blood cells, toxic to malaria parasites.

*Other effects: 
immunomodulatory activity underlies use in autoimmune conditions; exact mechanism is not fully defined.

BENEFITS & USES (THERAPEUTIC) of CHLOROQUINE:
Malaria (treatment & prophylaxis) for susceptible Plasmodium species.
Avoid use in areas of resistance and for P. falciparum where resistance is widespread.
Extraintestinal amebiasis, especially when metronidazole fails or is intolerable.
Off‑label immune modulation: rheumatoid arthritis, lupus; limited evidence for antiviral use beyond early COVID‑19 trials.

SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES of CHLOROQUINE:
*Physical‑chemical: 
white crystalline powder; MW ~319.9; Melting point ~87–92 °C; very low water solubility; moderate lipophilicity (XLogP ~4.3); 3 H‑bond acceptors, 1 donor; 8 rotatable bonds; PSA ~28 Ų.

*Identifiers: 
CAS 54‑05‑7 / 50‑63‑5; EC 200‑055‑2; formula C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃; IUPAC as above.
Function: 
4‑aminoquinoline antimalarial, immunomodulatory.

*Safety: 
harmful if swallowed; possible reproductive toxicity; first aid and handling per GHS SDS.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CHLOROQUINE:
CAS Number: 54-05-7 (free base) / 50-63-5 (phosphate salt)
EC Number: 200-055-2 (chloroquine phosphate)
Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃
Molecular Weight: ~319.87 g/mol (free base)
IUPAC Name: N⁴-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N¹,N¹-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine (aka N'-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-1,4-pentane-diamine)
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder (bitter taste), odourless
Melting Point: ~87–92 °C
Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents
XLogP3: ~4.27 (lipophilicity)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: ~8
Topological Polar Surface Area: ~28.16 Ų
Exact Mass: 319.1815 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 319.1815 Da
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 309
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Additional Info: Complies with Lipinski’s rule of five (0 violations)

FIRST AID MEASURES of CHLOROQUINE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CHLOROQUINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CHLOROQUINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CHLOROQUINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CHLOROQUINE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CHLOROQUINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available