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Chlorowax is a synthetic mixture of polychlorinated n-alkanes produced by chlorinating straight-chain paraffin hydrocarbons (typically C₁₀–C₃₀), with chlorine content ranging from 30% to 70%, giving it forms from viscous liquid to waxy solid.
Chlorowax is widely used as a secondary plasticizer in PVC, a flame retardant in plastics, paints, and rubber, and as an extreme pressure (EP) lubricant in metalworking fluids, providing flexibility, durability, and fire resistance.
Chlorowax, especially short-chain types (SCCPs), are recognized as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, leading to global restrictions and a gradual industry shift toward medium- and long-chain variants or safer alternatives.
CAS Number: 63449-39-8
EC Number: 264-150-0
Chemical Formula: C12H19Cl7
Molecular Weight: typically 320–700 g/mol
Synonyms: Chlorinating paraffin (42%), Chlorinatedparaffin,70%dry, CHLORINATEDALKANESC22-40, Chlorinated paraffin, C22-40 alkanes, chlorinated-, (chlorinated paraffin), Chlorinating paraffin (50%～54%), Chlorinating paraffin, Chlorinating paraffin (70%), Ultrafine aluminum hydroxide, The lowest price chlorinated paraffin wax 52% China trade assurance high quality, liquid, liquidchlorinatedparaffin, Chlorinated Paraffin (40%), Chlorinated Paraffin (70%), Chlorinated Paraffin 52%, Chlorinated Paraffin 60%, Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, chloro, CHLORINATEDPARAFFIN52%, CHLORINATEDPARAFFIN60%, CHLOROPARAFFIN, Chlorinated paraffins52, CHLORINATED PARAFFIN (50-54%), CERECLORS52, CHLORINATEDPARAFFINWAXESANDHYDROCARBONWAXES, POLYCHLORINATEDPARAFFINS, PARAFFINWAXANDHYDROCARBONWAX,CHLORINATES, HYDROCARBONWAXES,CHLORINATED, Chloralkane C >17 (fest), Chlorinated paraffin, Chlorinated waxes, synthetic fatliquoring agent 3^<#^>, Cereclor, Chlorinated paraffins (C23, 43% chlorine), Paraffin(C=2032) chloride, Ncgc00091464-01, Chloroparaffin 40% Cl 10g [63449-39-8], Chloroparaffin 50% Cl 10g [63449-39-8], Chlorinated paraffin (45% chlorine) 10g [63449-39-8], Chlorinated paraffin (45% chlorine), Plastoil 1040, Plastoil 152, chlorination approximately, Chlorowax 500C (Chlorinated Hydrocarbon 59%), Chlorafin 40 (Chlorinated Paraffin)@100 μg/mL in Toluene, Unichlor 502-50 (Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 52%)@100 μg/mL in Toluene, Chloroparaffin (50% chlorine), Unichlor 40-90 (Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 38.5%), Chlorowax 500C (Chlorinated Hydrocarbon 59%)@100 μg/mL in Toluene, CPW-100 @1000 μg/mL in Hexane, Unichlor 40-90 (Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 38.5%)@100 μg/mL in Toluene, Unichlor 70AX (Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 70%), Unichlor 70AX (Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 70%)@100 μg/mL in Toluene, Chlorafin 40 (Chlorinated Paraffin), Paroil 170-8@100 μg/mL in Toluene, Chlorinated paraffin ISO 9001：2015 REACH
Chlorowax is a complex mixture of polychlorinated n-alkanes produced by chlorinating straight-chain paraffin hydrocarbons, typically with carbon chain lengths ranging from C10 to C30.
Chlorowax appears as a colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid or waxy solid, depending on the degree of chlorination and chain length.
Chlorowax is valued for their flame-retardant properties, plasticizing ability, and chemical stability, which make them widely used as additives in PVC, rubber, paints, adhesives, and sealants.
They also serve as extreme pressure (EP) lubricants in metalworking fluids, enhancing wear resistance and reducing friction in high-stress machining operations.
Due to their high chlorine content, Chlorowax provide resistance to oils, chemicals, and heat, extending the durability of finished products.
However, their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and environmental concerns—especially for short-chain Chlorowax (SCCPs)—have led to regulatory restrictions in many regions, with a gradual shift toward medium- and long-chain variants or safer alternatives in modern formulations.
Chlorowax is used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in applications such as electrical cables when the inherent low inflammability of PVC would be impaired by primary plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl phthalate).
Chlorowax is used on a large scale as extreme-pressure additives in metal-machining fluids, e.g., in the automobile industry, precision engineering industry and in machinery construction.
As additives to paints, coatings and sealants, Chlorowax improve resistance to water and chemicals.
Systems of this kind are especially suitable for marine paints, as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels and swimming pools (e.g., rubber and chlorinated rubber coatings), and as road marking paints.
The flame-retarding properties of highly Chlorowax is important for their use in plastics, fabrics, paints and coatings.
Chlorowax is also used with decabromodiphenyl oxide and antimony trioxide in polyester fabrics for tents.
Chlorowax are a class of chemicals used for a variety of applications.
Chlorowax can be classified according to the length of their chlorine chains, and commercial formulations may include a mix of compounds in this class.
CAS 106232-86-4 is considered a Long Chain Chlorowax, with 24 chlorine atoms.
The long form is less environmentally sensitive than short-length varieties.
Chlorowax is largely inert, almost insoluble in water, and flame retardant.
Chlorowax can function as a plasticizing additive to for metal lubricants and cutting fluids, plastics, rubber, paint, adhesives, and more.
Most of the world’s Chlorowax is produced in China.
Chlorowax is complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
The chlorination degree of Chlorowax can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Chlorowax is subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain Chlorowax (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain Chlorowax (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain Chlorowax (LCCPs, C>17).
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorowax is colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Chlorowax is complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
The degree of chlorination of KPs can range from 30 to 70% by weight.
Chlorowax can be divided into short chain Chlorowax (SCCPs, C10-13), medium chain Chlorowax (MCCPs, C14-17), and long chain Chlorowax (LCCPs, C>17) according to the length of the carbon chain are split.
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorowax are colorless or yellowish liquid or solid.
Chlorowax are synthesized at 80-100 °C by reacting chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (<2 isoparaffins, <100 ppm aromatics).
Radical substitution can be amplified by UV-light. CxH (2x + 2) + yCL2 → CxH (2x-y + 2) CLy + yHCL When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, hydrochloric acid and chlorine residues are removed with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether, or organophosphorus compounds can be added to provide better stability at elevated temperatures in the final product.
Commercial products are classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
Chlorowax is complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologs and isomers that are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
Chlorowax used in the polymer industry, especially in PVC, as Plasticize Softener, to delay Flame-retardant flammability for plastics and tires, as a depressant Point Pour in paints, as well as in paints.
The additive for high-pressure engine oil is widely used and hundreds of thousands of tons of Chlorowax are produced and consumed worldwide each year.
In the country, paraffin chloride 52% has been widely used as a softener in the cabling, synthetic leather, flooring, etc., as a single use grade alone or alongside DOP.
The state of matter in which the particles of a substance are loosely bound by intermolecular forces.
The weakness of these forces permits movement of the particles and consequently liquids can change their shape within a fixed volume.
The liquid state lacks the order of the solid state.
Thus, amorphous materials, such as glass, in which the particles are disordered and can move relative to each other, can be classed as liquids.
Chlorowax is complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes.
The chlorination degree of Chlorowax can vary between 30 and 70 wt%.
Chlorowax are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions ( 2 % isoparaffins, 100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C.
The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.
Chlorowax is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Chlorowax is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Chlorowax is a synthetic chemical material composed of mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes that are produced by reacting straight-chain paraffin hydrocarbons (typically C₁₀–C₃₀) with chlorine gas under controlled conditions.
Depending on the chain length and the percentage of chlorine incorporated (usually ranging from 30% to 70% by weight), the resulting product can vary in physical form from a colorless or pale yellow viscous liquid to a semi-solid or waxy material.
This variation also gives Chlorowax a wide spectrum of physical and chemical properties, allowing manufacturers to tailor them for specific industrial uses.
The high chlorine content imparts characteristics such as flame retardancy, resistance to oils and chemicals, and low volatility, while the paraffinic backbone contributes flexibility and plasticizing effects.
One of the most important uses of Chlorowax is as a secondary plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), where they reduce brittleness, improve flexibility, and increase resistance to heat and oils.
This makes them widely used in flooring, cables, roofing membranes, and coated fabrics.
They also serve as flame retardant additives in plastics, paints, and rubber products, helping to meet fire safety standards.
In the metalworking industry, Chlorowax is employed as extreme pressure (EP) lubricants in cutting fluids and drawing compounds, where the chlorine atoms react with metal surfaces to form protective films that reduce friction, wear, and heat generation during machining operations.
Their stability against acids, bases, and oxidizing conditions also makes them suitable for use in adhesives, sealants, and coatings where chemical durability is required.
However, despite their industrial usefulness, Chlorowax—especially short-chain Chlorowax (SCCPs, C₁₀–C₁₃)—have raised significant environmental and health concerns.
SCCPs are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), resistant to degradation, and capable of bioaccumulating in aquatic organisms and entering the food chain, leading to toxic effects.
As a result, SCCPs have been listed under the Stockholm Convention on POPs and are restricted or banned in many countries.
The industry has shifted toward medium-chain (MCCPs, C₁₄–C₁₇) and long-chain Chlorowax (LCCPs, C₁₈+), which are considered less hazardous, although research is ongoing regarding their long-term environmental impact.
Today, Chlorowax remain a high-volume industrial chemical group, with production and use concentrated in regions such as Asia, but regulatory pressure in Europe and North America has led to increased efforts to find safer, environmentally friendly alternatives.
These include non-halogenated flame retardants, phosphate esters, and synthetic esters for lubricants.
Nevertheless, due to their cost-effectiveness, versatility, and performance advantages, Chlorowax continue to be widely utilized in PVC processing, rubber compounding, paints, coatings, sealants, and specialty lubricants, making them an important but controversial class of chemicals in modern industry.
Market Overview of Chlorowax:
Chlorowax represent a large-volume class of specialty chemicals that are produced and consumed worldwide, mainly in Asia-Pacific, Europe, and North America.
Their versatility as flame retardants, plasticizers, and lubricants has made them integral to industries such as PVC manufacturing, rubber compounding, metalworking fluids, paints, adhesives, and coatings.
Globally, the Chlorowax market has been valued in the range of USD 1.8–2.2 billion in recent years, with consumption dominated by medium-chain Chlorowax (MCCPs, C₁₄–C₁₇) and long-chain Chlorowax (LCCPs, C₁₈+).
The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, accounts for the largest share of production and demand due to the concentration of PVC and rubber industries and relatively less stringent regulations compared to Europe and North America.
Market growth has been supported by the low cost, high performance, and multifunctionality of Chlorowax compared to alternative flame retardants and plasticizers.
MCCPs and LCCPs remain widely used in wire and cable insulation, flooring, roofing membranes, sealants, and lubricants, where they provide fire resistance, flexibility, and durability at relatively low cost.
However, the market is under increasing regulatory and environmental pressure, especially concerning short-chain Chlorowax (SCCPs, C₁₀–C₁₃), which have been listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention and banned in the EU, UK, Canada, and several other countries.
This has pushed manufacturers to reduce or eliminate SCCPs from their portfolios, and instead expand the use of MCCPs and LCCPs, or develop safer alternatives such as phosphate esters, adipates, and non-halogenated flame retardants.
The global market outlook suggests steady but cautious growth with a projected CAGR of 3–4% through 2030, driven mainly by Asia-Pacific consumption, while stricter environmental policies in Western markets may constrain demand.
Companies in this sector are investing in sustainable product development, improved waste management, and safer alternatives, which will shape the long-term direction of the industry.
Uses of Chlorowax:
Chlorowax Used as a secondary plasticizer in polymer compositions (cable, shoe and other flexible PVC compounds, films, plastisols, linoleum, etc.), as a component in oiling compositions in leather industry.
Well combined with basic plasticizers based on phthalic acid (dibutyl phthalate and dioctylphthalate) and easily introduced into PVC compositions used for the production of “flexible” (cables, hoses, boots, films, linoleum, etc.) and “rigid” (conduits, fittings) products.
Chlorowax – is a complex chemical substance of polychlorinated n-alkanes used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
The main application for Chlorowax is as a flame retardant.
When exposed to high temperatures, Chlorowax releases a substantial amount of HCI.
In Chlorowax condensed phase, HCI contributes to the formation of char.
In Chlorowax vapor phase, Chlorowax can function as a flame poison.
Agricultural Uses:
Liquid is an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter intermediate between gases and solids in which the molecules are much more highly concentrated than in solids.
Liquids take the shape of their containers but have fixed volume at a particular temperature and are incompressible.
Liquid molecules are free to move within the limits set by intermolecular attractive forces.
At the aidliquid interface the vibration of the molecules causes some of them to be ejected from the liquid at a rate depending on the surface tension.
The tendency of molecules to escape from a liquid surface is called fugacity and is largely responsible for evaporation.
When the air space is restricted, the escaping molecules eventually saturate the air and thus the number of molecules leaving the liquid is equal to those returning to Chlorowax as a result of molecular attraction.
In these circumstances, the liquid/air system is said to be in equilibrium.
Liquids vary greatly in viscosity, boiling point, vapor pressure and surface tension.
Mercury has a specific gravity of 13.6 and the highest surface tension of all liquids.
Glass has the highest viscosity.
Polar liquids are those where molecules have opposite electrical charges on their terminal atoms or groups, which impart a force called dipolemoment.
Water is a polar liquid with high dielectric constant.
Pure hydrocarbon liquids are generally non-polar.
Consumer Uses:
Chlorowax is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants.
Other release to the environment of Chlorowax is likely to occur from: indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
Uses at industrial sites:
Chlorowax is used in the following products: polymers, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants, leather treatment products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Chlorowax is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Chlorowax is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, textile, leather or fur, rubber products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, furniture, fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Chlorowax can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, for thermoplastic manufacture, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of Chlorowax is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Widespread uses by professional workers:
Chlorowax is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants.
Chlorowax is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Other release to the environment of Chlorowax is likely to occur from: outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Properties of Chlorowax:
Physical Properties:
Chlorowax is physically a homogeneous substance.
Chlorowax is colorless or colorless yellow, amber or honey yellow.
The most important properties of Chlorowax is viscosity, density, thermal stability, solubility and refractive index.
Most Chlorowax becomes darker with heat as a result of the release of HCl.
Chemical properties:
Chlorowax is not a simple chemical compound, but rather a complex mixture of various molecules whose differences are along the hydrocarbon chains, the number and location of chlorine atoms attached to these chains.
In products with low chlorine percentages, Chlorowax molecules During the chlorination process of paraffin, type III carbon atoms react more rapidly than type II.
And type II carbon atoms reacts faster than type I, but the stability of the working atoms in paraffin is the opposite of the rule and is reduced from the type I to the third.
Chlorowax decomposes by light or heat above 120 degrees Celsius, and the decomposition process is carried out by removing hydrogen chloride gas.
This is called a dehydrolysis reaction.
The chemical and physical properties of chlorine paraffin depend on the following factors:
The length of the hydrocarbon chain,
Chlorine content of the product,
Reaction conditions (especially reaction temperature).
Chlorowax are manufactured by the chlorination of specified normal paraffin fractions (straight-chain hydrocarbons) obtained from petroleum refining.
Ordinary commercial Chlorowax are not single compounds but are mixtures, each containing several homologous n-alkanes corresponding to their manufacture from n-paraffin fractions with several different degrees of chlorination.
Chlorowax are characterized to a first approximation by the carbon-chain length range of their n-alkanes and by the chlorine content of Chlorowax.
An average chain length for the hydrocarbon feedstock or an average molecular weight is often stated as well.
For example, a Chlorowax referred to as C12, 60% chlorine, would be a product with an average chain length of 12 carbons with approximately 60% chlorine.
Chlorowax that have been manufactured from pure n-paraffins are generally unreactive and stable during storage at normal temperatures.
Depending on their chain length and degree of chlorination, Chlorowax is colourless or yellowish, mobile to highly viscous liquids or waxy to glassy solidified substances.
Chlorowax is practically insoluble in water, although they can form emulsions and/or suspensions.
Chlorowax formulations are used in a wide range of industrial applications including flame retardants and plasticisers.
The product functions as an additive in metal working fluids, sealants, paints and coatings.
Chlorowax is obtained by chlorinating linear aliphatic hydrocarbon.
Furthermore, Chlorowax is possible to produce different Chlorowax, from liquid to solid.
You can make a distinction between the cChlorowax by the percentage of chlorine and the length of paraffin chains.
Therefore you receive them with a different average molecular weight and a proportion of chlorine, which varies from 30 up to 70 %.
Due to the fact that Chlorowax contain different physical properties, they are suitable for applications from many different areas / sectors: Paints and varnishes, Plastics & Rubber, Fabrics & Oils & Tan agents.
Production of Chlorowax:
Chlorowax are synthesized for industrial by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions at a temperature of 80–100 °C since the 1930s.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
Chlorowax are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
Chlorowax are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (<2 % isoparaffins, <100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C.
The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen.
Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition.
Chlorowax is complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
History of Chlorowax:
Chlorowax were first introduced in the 1930s as synthetic additives designed to provide flame retardancy and plasticizing effects in emerging polymer industries, especially PVC, which at the time needed cost-effective modifiers to improve flexibility and durability.
Their use grew rapidly in the 1940s and 1950s, coinciding with the post-war expansion of plastics, coatings, and rubber manufacturing, where they proved valuable as multifunctional chemicals that combined low cost with performance advantages such as oil resistance, chemical stability, and flame resistance.
By the 1960s and 1970s, Chlorowax had become widely applied in metalworking fluids, lubricants, sealants, and paints, and short-chain Chlorowax dominated the market.
However, in the 1980s and 1990s, growing awareness of their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity led to increasing environmental concern, especially as SCCPs were detected in aquatic organisms and remote ecosystems.
As a result, regulatory bodies in Europe and North America began imposing restrictions, prompting the industry to gradually shift toward medium-chain (MCCPs) and long-chain Chlorowax (LCCPs), which were believed to be less harmful.
A major milestone came in 2017, when SCCPs were officially listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention, leading to bans or severe restrictions in many regions including the EU and Canada, though production and use remained significant in Asia.
In the present day, Chlorowax continue to be employed globally in PVC, rubber, coatings, adhesives, and lubricants, but under tighter controls, with manufacturers investing in longer-chain variants and exploring alternative flame retardants and plasticizers.
The history of Chlorowax thus illustrates a clear trajectory from industrial growth and widespread adoption to regulatory scrutiny and adaptation, reflecting the balance between economic utility and environmental responsibility in modern chemical industries.
Handling and Storage of Chlorowax:
Handling:
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Prevent inhalation of vapors, mists, or aerosols, especially during heating or spraying.
Use only with adequate ventilation.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Storage:
Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from direct sunlight, strong oxidizing agents, and open flames.
Prevent freezing and protect from moisture to avoid degradation of product quality.
Stability and Reactivity of Chlorowax:
Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
Reactivity:
Non-reactive under recommended handling; may slowly release hydrochloric acid on prolonged exposure to heat or strong alkalis.
Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents (e.g., nitric acid, peroxides), strong bases.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Hydrogen chloride (HCl), phosgene, and chlorine gas may be released during thermal decomposition or fire.
Conditions to Avoid:
Excessive heat, open flames, direct UV exposure, and contact with incompatible chemicals.
First Aid Measures of Chlorowax:
Inhalation:
Move person to fresh air.
If symptoms such as coughing or difficulty breathing occur, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
Wash thoroughly with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Seek medical help if irritation develops.
Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally.
Obtain medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical advice immediately, especially if large quantities are swallowed.
Firefighting Measures of Chlorowax:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or water spray (fog).
Unsuitable Media:
Direct water jets may spread burning material.
Specific Hazards:
Combustion can generate dense smoke, HCl gas, chlorine, and phosgene, which are highly toxic.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
Wear full protective gear and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Cool nearby containers with water spray.
Accidental Release Measures of Chlorowax:
Personal Precautions:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, respirator if vapors/mist are present).
Avoid skin contact and inhalation.
Ensure good ventilation.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent product from entering drains, surface water, or soil.
Chlorowax is persistent and harmful to aquatic life.
Methods for Cleaning Up:
Contain the spill with absorbent material (sand, earth, vermiculite).
Collect into suitable containers for disposal in accordance with local regulations.
Clean area with detergent and water after removal.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of Chlorowax:
Engineering Controls:
Provide local exhaust or general ventilation to keep vapor and mist levels below occupational exposure limits.
Respiratory Protection:
Not typically needed at ambient temperatures; if mist/vapors are generated, use a NIOSH/EN-approved respirator.
Hand Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile, neoprene).
Eye Protection:
Safety glasses with side shields or chemical splash goggles.
Skin and Body Protection:
Protective clothing (long sleeves, lab coat, apron) to prevent contact.
Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas.
Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
Identifiers of Chlorowax:
Chemical Class: Polychlorinated n-alkanes (mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbons).
General Formula: CₓH(2ₓ–y+2)Cl
Molecular Weight: typically 320–700 g/mol
CAS Numbers: 63449-39-8
EC (EINECS) Numbers: 264-846-4
Properties of Chlorowax:
Physical State: Clear, colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid or waxy solid (depending on chain length and chlorine content).
Odor: Faint, mild, or slightly sweet odor.
Molecular Formula (general): CₓH(2ₓ–y+2)Clᵧ (x = 10–30, y = variable chlorine substitution).
Molecular Weight: Variable, typically 320–700 g/mol for commercial mixtures.
Chlorine Content: 30–70% by weight.
Density: 1.1 – 1.5 g/cm³ (increases with chlorine content).
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling at atmospheric pressure; estimated > 200 °C.
Melting Point: –30 °C to +20 °C (depends on chain length/chlorination).
Viscosity: Ranges from moderately viscous liquid (low chlorine, short-chain) to semi-solid or waxy (high chlorine, long-chain).
Solubility in Water: Practically insoluble (< 50 µg/L).
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in alcohols, ethers, oils, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Vapor Pressure: Extremely low (< 10⁻⁵ Pa at 20 °C).
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): Very high (typically 4.5–8.5), indicating strong hydrophobicity and bioaccumulation potential.
Names of Chlorowax:
IUPAC Names:
1,2,3,4,6,7,10-heptachlorododecane
2,3,4,5,6,8-hexachlorodecane
4,8,11,14,17,21-hexachlorotetracosane
Alkanes, C18-28, chloro
C18-28 Long Chain Chlorinated Paraffin
chlorinated paraffin
Chlorinated Paraffin Waxes
Chloro hydrocarbon waxes
LCCPs
Lonf chain chlorinated paraffin
Long Chain Chlorinated Paraffin
Long Chain Chlorinated Paraffin C18-36 (LCCP)
Paraffin oil, chlorinated
Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes (C18 and longer), chloro
PARAFFIN WAXES AND HYDROCARBON WAXES, CHLORINATED
Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, chloro
Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chloro
paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, chloro
paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chloro
Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes, chloro
Paraffin waxes, chloro
Polyethylene-based rubber
