COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD)

Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is particularly valuable in formulations requiring rapid curing combined with reliable processing safety and excellent long-term physical performance.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is commonly employed in the manufacture of automotive rubber components, industrial hoses, conveyor belts, transmission belts, seals, O-rings, gaskets, molded technical rubber goods, cable insulation, footwear components, vibration isolators, rollers, diaphragms, printing rollers, rubber-coated fabrics, and engineering elastomer products.

TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TMTD)
CAS Number: 137-26-8
EC Number: 205-286-2
MDL Number: MFCD00008325
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₂N₂S₄ / (CH3)2N-CS-S-S-CS-N(CH3)2
Molecular Weight: 240.41 g/mol

TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TETD)
CAS Number: 97-77-8
EC Number: 202-617-0
Molecular Formula: C10H20N2S4
Molecular Weight: 296.54 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
TM/ETD, TMTD/TETD Blend, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide Mixture, Thiuram Accelerator Blend, Mixed Thiuram Accelerator, TMTD-ETD Accelerator Blend, Thiuram Sulfur Donor Blend, Ultra-Fast Thiuram Accelerator System, Rubber Accelerator TM/ETD, Combined Thiuram Accelerator

SYNONYMS TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TETD):
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide, Tetraethylthiuram Disulphide, Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) Disulfide, Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) Disulphide, Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic Diamide, Bis(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl) Disulfide, Diethyl Thiuram Disulfide, TETD, Thiuram E, Accelerator TETD, Accelerator ET, Vulkacit ET, Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-, Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, Bis(diethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide, Disulfiram, TETD, Abstenisil, Abstinyl, Antabuse, Antadix, Antiethanol, Contralin, Cronetal, Disulfiram, Disulfamide, Etabus, Ethyl, Thiurad, Exhoran, Noxal, Ro-Sulfiram, Robac, TET, Stopetyl, TETD, Tetradine, Tetraethylthiuram disulfide, Tetraethylthioperoxdicarbonic diamide, bis(Diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, bis(Diethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide, Teturamin, TTD, Thiuranide, Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, Bis(diethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide, Disulfiram, TETD, Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic Diamide, Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide, Antadix, Esperal, Antabuse, Ethyl tuads, Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, Abstenisil, Abstinyl, Antiethanol, Contralin, Cronetal, Disulfamide, Etabus, Ethyl Thiurad, Exhoran, Noxal, Ro-Sulfiram, Robac TET, Stopetyl, TETD, Tetradine, bis(Diethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide, Teturamin, TTD, Thiuranide, Abstensil, Accel TET, Alcophobin, alk-aubs, Antaethan, Antaethyl, Antalcol, Antetan, Antetil, Anteyl, Anticol, Antietanol, Antietil, Antikol, Antivitium, Aversan, Averzan, Bonibal, Contrapot, Dicupral, Disetil, Ekagom DTET, Ekagom TEDS, Ephorran, Espenal, Ethyl thiram, Ethyl thiudad, Ethyl tuex, Ethyldithiourame, Ethyldithiurame, Exhorran, HOCA, Krotenal, Nocbin, Nocceler, Refusal, Stopaethyl, Stopethyl, Tenurid, Tenutex, Tetraetil, bis((diethylamino)thioxomethyl)disulfide, bis(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, 1,1'-dithiobis(N,N-diethylthioformamide), tetraethylthiram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram, N,N,N',N'-tetraethylthiuram disulfide, antethyl, disulfan, disulfuram, tetidis, teturam, thioscabin, tillram, tiuram, TTS, TATD, abstinil, anti-ethyl, thireranide, thiuram e, Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetraethyl-, Disulfide, bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl), Abstensil, Abstinil, Abstinyl, Alcophobin, Antabus, Antabuse, Antadix, Antaethyl, Antalcol, Antetan, Antetil, antiCol, antiEtanol, antiEtil, antiKol, antiVitium, Aversan, Averzan, Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, Bis(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, Contralin, Cronetal, Disulfuram, Ekagom TEDS, Ekagom TETDS, Espenal, Esperal, Etabus, Ethyl thiram, Ethyl thiurad, Ethyl Tuex, Exhorran, Hoca, Krotenal, N,N,N',N'-Tetraethylthiuram disulfide, Noxal, Refusal, Stopetyl, Tetradin, Tetradine, Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide, Tetraethylthiram disulfide, Tetraethylthiuram, Tetraethylthiuran disulfide, Tetraetil, Teturam, Thiuram E, Thiuranide, TETD, TTD, TTS, Tetraethylthiuram disulfide, anti-Ethyl, Alk-Aubs, Antaenyl, Antaethan, Antaetil, Antethyl, Anteyl, Anthethyl, Antiaethan, Bis((diethylamino)thioxomethyl) disulfide, Bonibal, Contrapot, Disetil, Disulfan, Ephorran, Ethyl Tuads, Ethyl Thiudad, Ethyldithiourame, Ethyldithiurame, Formamide, 1,1'-dithiobis(N,N-diethylthio)-, Hocakrotenalnci-C02959, Nocbin, Stopaethyl, Tenurid, Tenutex, Tetidis, Teturamin, Thiocid, Thiosan, Thioscabin, Thireranide, Thiuram disulfide, tetraethyl-, Tillram, Tiuram, Tuads, ethyl, TATD, USAF B-33, 1,1'-Dithiobis(N,N-diethylthioformamide), Bis((diethylamino)thioxomethyl)disulphide, Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide, Bis(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide, Dicupral, Disulphuram, Dupon 4472, Dupont fungicide 4472, ENT 27,340, Exhoran, NCI-C02959, NSC 190940, Ro-sulfiram, Tetraethylthiram disulphide, Tetraethylthiuram disulphide, N,N,N',N'-Tetraethylthiuram disulphide, Akrochem TETD, Ancazide ET, Ekaland TETD, Ethyl Tuads Rodform, Perkacit TETD, Perkait TETD, Soxinol TET, Sanceler TET-G, Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-, Accel TET, Tetraethylthiuram sulfide, Tetraethyldithiuram disulfide, Ekagom DTET

SYNONYMS TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TMTD):
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide, Tetramethylthiuram Disulphide, Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) Disulfide, Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) Disulphide, Thiuram, Thiuram Disulfide, Thiram, Tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic Diamide, Tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic Diamide ((CH₃)₂NCS)₂S₂, TMTD, TT, Accelerator TMTD, Accelerator TT, Vulkacit TT, Thiram Fungicide, thiram, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, thiuram, tmtd, pomarsol, thirame, arasan, fernasan, nobecutan, rezifilm, Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, Bis(dimethylcarbamyl) disulfide, Thiram, 1,1'-dithiobis(N,N-dimethylthioformamide), Chipco Thiram 75, Spotrete, Tetrapom, Bis((dimethylamino)carbon, Fermide 850, SQ 1489, Thimer, Bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl)disulfide, Fernasan, Tersan, Thioknock, Tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide, Hexathir, Thiosan, Thiotex, Tetramethylthiuram disulfide, Mercuram, Thiurad, Thiramad, Tetramethylthiuram bisulfide, Nomersan, Thiuramyl, Thirasan, AAtack, Polyram-Ultra, Thylate, Thiuramin, Aceto tetd, Pomarsol, Tiuramyl, Tirampa, Arasan, Puralin, TMTD, TMTDS, Tripomol, Aules, Rezifilm, Tulisan, Vancide TM., Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide, Bis (dimethyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfide, Thiram, Thiuram, TMTD, THIRAM, 1,1’-dithiobis(n,n-dimethylthio-formamid, THIURAM, TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULPHIDE, Tetramethylthiuram, TNTD, METHYL TUADS, AcceleratorTMTD, TIMTEC-BB SBB000804, 1,1′-dithiobis(N,N-dimethylthioformamide), Chipco Thiram 75, Spotrete, Tetrapom, Bis((dimethylamino)carbon, Fermide 850, SQ 1489, Thimer, Bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl)disulfide, Fernasan, Tersan, Thioknock, Tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide, Hexathir, Thiosan, Thiotex, Tetramethylthiuram disulfide, Mercuram, Thiurad, Thiramad, Tetramethylthiuram bisulfide, Nomersan, Thiuramyl, Thirasan, Polyram-Ultra, Thylate, Thiuramin, Aceto tetd, Pomarsol, Tiuramyl, Tirampa, Arasan, Puralin, TMTD, TMTDS, Tripomol, Aules, Rezifilm, Tulisan, Vancide TM., bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl) disulphide, thiram, thiram (tmtd), tmtd, thiram(tmtd), tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetramethyl thiuram disulfide, 1,1'-dithiobis(n,n-dimethylthio-formamid, 1,1'-dithiobis(n,n-dimethylthioformamide), aapirol, accel tmt, accelerator t, accelerator thiuram, acceleratort, acceleratorthiuram, acceleratortmtd, aceto tetd, acetotetd, alpha,alpha'-dithiobis(dimethylthio)formamide, anles, arasan, arasan 42s, arasan 70, arasan 70-s red, arasan 75, arasan42-s, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide, [disulfanediylbis(carbonothioylnitrilo)]tetramethane, Rubber Accelerator TMTD, TMTD, Tetramethyl-thiuram-disulfide, ACCELERATOR TT, Accelerator TMTD, ACCELERATOR TMTD(TT), Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide, Tetramethylthiuram disulfide, Bis (dimethyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfide, Thiram, Thiuram, Tetramethylthiuram disulfide, thiram, Tetramethylthiuram disulfide, 137-26-8, Thiuram, Rezifilm, TMTD, Pomarsol, Thirame, Arasan, Fernasan, Nobecutan, Thioscabin, Thirasan, Aapirol, Tersan, Tetrathiuram disulfide, Tetramethylthiuram, Falitiram, Formalsol, Hexathir, Kregasan, Mercuram, Normersan, Sadoplon, Spotrete, Tetrasipton, Thillate, Thiramad, Aatiram, Atiram, Fermide, Fernide, Hermal, Pomasol, Puralin, Thiosan, Thiotox, Thiulin, Thiulix, Heryl, Pomarsol forte, Methyl tuads, Accelerator T, Methyl Thiram, Fernasan A, Tetramethylthiuram disulphide, Nocceler TT, Arasan-M, Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, Thiram B, Arasan-SF, Cyuram DS, Ekagom TB, Hermat TMT, Tetramethylenethiuram disulfide, Accel TMT, Accelerator thiuram, Aceto TETD, Radothiram, Royal TMTD, Tetramethyl-thiram disulfid, Fernacol, Sadoplon 75, Tetramethylthiuram bisulfide, Tetrapom, Thioknock, Thirampa, Thiramum, Anles, Arasan-SF-X, Aules, Thimer, Panoram 75, Tetramethylthiouram disulfide, Tetramethylthiurane disulfide, Arasan 70, Arasan 75, Tersan 75, Thiram 75, Thiram 80, Spotrete-F, TMTDS, Arasan 70-S Red,

Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD), often components of a thiuram mix, consists of potent rubber accelerators, agricultural fungicides, and chemical sensitizers.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) are frequently grouped together in dermatology and industrial manufacturing

Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is a commercial rubber accelerator blend consisting primarily of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD, Thiram) and Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD).
Unlike a single chemical substance, Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is a formulated mixture designed to combine the rapid vulcanization activity of TMTD with the improved processing safety and balanced cure characteristics provided by TETD.

TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TETD)
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is an organosulfur compound belonging to the thiuram class of rubber vulcanization accelerators.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) functions as both an ultra-fast sulfur vulcanization accelerator and an efficient sulfur donor, making it an important additive in sulfur curing systems for natural rubber and a wide range of synthetic elastomers.

Similar to tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD), Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) accelerates sulfur crosslink formation while simultaneously contributing chemically bound sulfur to the vulcanization process.
Compared with TMTD, Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) generally provides slightly improved scorch safety and somewhat slower cure characteristics due to the presence of ethyl groups instead of methyl groups.

This balanced curing behavior makes Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) particularly useful in formulations where rapid vulcanization is required without excessively increasing the risk of premature curing during processing.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is a valuable secondary accelerator.

Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) gives excellent dispersions in soft compounds due to its low melting point.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is non-staining and non-discoloring; excellent colors are obtained in non-black vulcanizates.
It should be notes that in the application of Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) can be formed by the reaction of dimethylamine, a decomposition product, with nitrosating agents (nitrogen oxides).

Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is an accelerator, activator, stabilizer, and vulcanizing agent for various rubber products.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) comes in a convenient large volume for ABI 394 Nucleic Acid synthesizers, resulting in extended hands-free DNA synthesis.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is found in drugs used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol.

Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD), commonly known as disulfiram, is a versatile compound widely utilized in various industrial and research applications.
This organosulfur compound, Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD), is primarily recognized for its role as a rubber accelerator, enhancing the durability and performance of rubber products.
Its unique properties allow Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) to facilitate the vulcanization process, making it essential in the production of tires, seals, and other rubber goods.

Additionally, Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is employed in agricultural settings as a fungicide, effectively controlling fungal diseases in crops and contributing to improved yields.
Researchers also value this compound for its potential in medicinal chemistry, particularly in the treatment of alcohol dependence, where Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) acts as an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed.

This dual functionality in both industrial and therapeutic applications highlights Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD)'s significance in various fields.
With its proven efficacy and broad range of uses, Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) stands out as a crucial compound for professionals seeking reliable solutions in rubber manufacturing and agricultural practices.

TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TMTD)
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD), commonly known as Thiram, is a sulfur-containing organosulfur compound belonging to the thiuram class of rubber vulcanization accelerators.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is one of the oldest and most widely used ultra-fast accelerators in the rubber industry and also serves as an effective sulfur donor in sulfur vulcanization systems.

Unlike many other accelerators, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) can function both as a primary accelerator and as a sulfur-donating curing agent, enabling efficient crosslink formation even in low-sulfur or sulfur-free curing systems.
In addition to its extensive use in rubber manufacturing, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) has historically been used worldwide as an agricultural fungicide, seed protectant, and pesticide.

Its dual functionality as both an accelerator and sulfur donor makes Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) one of the most versatile chemicals used in elastomer technology.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is particularly valued for producing rapid vulcanization, high crosslink density, excellent mechanical properties, and improved heat-aging performance.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD), known as rubber Accelerator TMTD (TT), is a white or light gray powder or granule with its density in 1.29.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is soluble in benzene, acetone, chloroform, CS2 partly soluble in alcohol, diethyl ether, CCI4 insoluble in water, gasoline and alkali with lower concentration.
Technological advancements in rubber processing technologies and stricter environmental regulations governing vulcanization accelerators have prompted manufacturers to optimize Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) formulations, leading to improved efficiency metrics and higher adoption rates across industrial segments.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is a white or light yellow powder(granule).
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is an excellent second accelerator for thiazole accelerators.
The vulcanization is basically similar.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is primarily recognized for its role as a rubber accelerator in the vulcanization process, enhancing the elasticity and durability of rubber products.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) appears as a white to light yellow crystalline solid and is soluble in organic solvents but has limited solubility in water.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is characterized by its strong odor and is known for its antioxidant properties.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) can also act as a fungicide and is utilized in agricultural applications.
Therefore, appropriate safety measures should be taken when handling Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD).
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD)'s chemical structure features a disulfide bond, which is crucial for its reactivity and functionality in various applications, particularly in the rubber industry.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is designed for the rubber industry.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) offers fast vulcanization and gives an excellent vulcanization plateau with good heat aging and compression set resistance when used in sulfurless vulcanization systems and EV systems.

In EPDM, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is a valuable secondary accelerator.
In mercaptan-modified polychloroprene cured with ETU, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) acts as a scorch retarder without affecting the cure speed.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is recommended for use in soft compounds due to dispersability.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is non-staining and non-discoloring.
Excellent colors are obtained in non-black vulcanizates.
It should be noted that in the application of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) can be formed by the reaction of dimethylamine, a decomposition product, with nitrosating agents (nitrogen oxides).

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is regulated for use in articles with food as specified under FDA CFR 177.2600, 175.105 and under BfR recommendation XXI.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is a dithiocarbamate fungicide used to prevent crop damage and deterioration before and after harvest and acts as a seed protectant.
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) is the simplest thiuram disulfide and the oxidized dimer of dimethyldithiocarbamate.

Tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) is a dithiocarbamate compound used as a fungicide in agriculture to protect vegetable crops and seeds.
Although it is a crop protection fungicide, using Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) as an animal repellent is the most likely source of exposure to pet animals.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antiseptic drug, and an antifungal agrochemical.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) contains a dimethyldithiocarbamate.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is functionally related to a dimethyldithiocarbamic acid.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is a white powder, with no smell.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD)'s density is between 1.40-1.45 g/cm³.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is soluble in benzene, acetone, chloroform; slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in water.

USES and APPLICATIONS of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
Rubber production: Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) acts as a super-accelerator and curing agent for natural and synthetic rubber items like tires, cables, and gloves.
Agriculture: Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is used as a seed disinfectant and broad-spectrum fungicide to protect crops from pests and mold.

Medical testing: Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is 
ncluded in standard patch test kits (thiuram mix) to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis.
This synergistic combination, Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD), is widely used in sulfur-vulcanized rubber compounds to achieve fast curing, high crosslink density, excellent mechanical properties, and consistent processing performance.

Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) functions both as an ultra-fast primary or secondary accelerator and as a sulfur donor, making it suitable for sulfur-efficient (SEV) and semi-efficient (Semi-EV) vulcanization systems.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is commonly used in natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR), EPDM, chloroprene rubber (CR), and various specialty elastomers.

By combining two thiuram accelerators, Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD), with different curing characteristics, the formulation offers improved scorch control, faster curing, enhanced heat-aging resistance, and excellent compatibility with many commercial accelerator systems.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is widely used as an ultra-fast vulcanization accelerator and sulfur donor in sulfur-curable elastomer systems.

Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is suitable for natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, EPDM, chloroprene rubber, and numerous specialty synthetic elastomers.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is particularly valuable in formulations requiring rapid curing combined with reliable processing safety and excellent long-term physical performance.

Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is commonly employed in the manufacture of automotive rubber components, industrial hoses, conveyor belts, transmission belts, seals, O-rings, gaskets, molded technical rubber goods, cable insulation, footwear components, vibration isolators, rollers, diaphragms, printing rollers, rubber-coated fabrics, and engineering elastomer products.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is also used in heat-resistant rubber compounds, dynamic rubber parts, and specialty industrial applications where high durability and resistance to thermal aging are required.

As a sulfur donor system, Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) contributes chemically bound sulfur directly to the vulcanization reaction, reducing the amount of elemental sulfur required while improving crosslink efficiency.
This results in reduced sulfur bloom, improved resistance to reversion, better dimensional stability, enhanced heat-aging performance, and more stable mechanical properties during prolonged service.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) is particularly suitable for high-productivity manufacturing operations because it shortens curing cycles while maintaining excellent consistency and reproducibility.

BENEFITS of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) provides numerous advantages for rubber manufacturers by combining the strengths of TMTD and TETD into a single formulation.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) delivers extremely rapid vulcanization while maintaining improved scorch safety compared with TMTD used alone.

This balanced cure behavior contributes to increased manufacturing efficiency and reduced risk of premature vulcanization during processing.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) improves tensile strength, tear resistance, abrasion resistance, resilience, elasticity, fatigue resistance, and hardness retention of vulcanized rubber products.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD)'s sulfur-donor properties reduce sulfur bloom, enhance thermal stability, improve heat-aging resistance, and provide greater resistance to compression set and reversion during long-term exposure to elevated temperatures.

Because of its broad compatibility with numerous commercial accelerator systems, Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) offers formulation flexibility across a wide range of elastomer types.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) blend also contributes to shorter press curing times, improved production efficiency, lower energy consumption, and consistent product quality while requiring relatively low dosage levels.

CHARACTERISTICS of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) combines two highly efficient thiuram accelerators to achieve a balanced vulcanization system that offers both rapid curing and improved processing safety.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide contributes exceptional cure speed and sulfur-donor activity, while Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide improves scorch resistance and provides more controlled vulcanization.

Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) produces a synergistic effect that allows compounders to optimize cure characteristics without sacrificing mechanical performance.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) promotes efficient sulfur crosslink formation, resulting in vulcanized rubber with high tensile strength, improved elasticity, enhanced abrasion resistance, low compression set, and excellent fatigue resistance.

Because both components act as sulfur donors, Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) reduces dependence on free elemental sulfur, thereby minimizing sulfur bloom and improving heat-aging performance.

Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) exhibits excellent compatibility with many commercial accelerator systems and is frequently incorporated into complex cure packages together with MBTS, CBS, TBBS, ZDEC, ZDBC, DPG, and other sulfur accelerators.
Combination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide/Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TM/ETD) provides consistent dispersion in rubber compounds and contributes to uniform vulcanization throughout thick molded articles and continuously processed rubber products.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TETD):
Uses of Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD): Adhesives, Condoms and diaphragms, Disinfectants, repellents, fungicides, and insecticides in agriculture, Disulfiram (Antabuse), Gloves (household, work, or hospital), Leather shoes (insoles, adhesives, linings), Medical devices, Renal dialysis equipment, Rubber in undergarments and clothin, Rubber pillows and sheets, Rubber shoes (sneakers, tennis shoes, etc.), Soaps and shampoos, Sponge makeup applicators and rubber eyelash curiers, Swimwear and toys, Tires and tubes.

Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is used for making phosphorothiate backbone oligonucleotides.
Uses of Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD): Alcohol deterrent, Fungicide, Rubber Accelerator.
Applications of Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD): Rubber modification.

Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is designed for the rubber industry.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) offers fast vulcanization and gives more scorch delay than Dimacit TMTD.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) gives an excellent vulcanization plateau with good heat aging and compression set resistance when used in sulfur less vulcanization systems and EV systems.

Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) oil powder is a primary general-purpose accelerator for rubber industry.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is used for making phosphorothiate backbone oligonucleotides.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) comes in a convenient large volume for ABI 394 Nucleic Acid synthesizers, resulting in extended hands-free DNA synthesis.

With these larger bottles attached your synthesizer can produce up to 40 average primer-length oligonucleotides with no bottle changes, reducing attended operation time by 50%.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is also used as alcohol deterent (Antabuse).
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is used for making phosphorothiate backbone oligonucleotides.

Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is primarily used as an ultra-fast sulfur vulcanization accelerator and sulfur donor in the production of natural rubber and synthetic elastomer products.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is widely employed in the manufacture of automobile tires, industrial belts, conveyor belts, transmission belts, hoses, seals, gaskets, O-rings, cable insulation, rubber-coated fabrics, vibration isolators, molded mechanical goods, footwear components, and numerous engineering rubber products.

Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) has long been used in industrial rubber manufacturing because of its excellent curing efficiency, mechanical performance, and compatibility with numerous accelerator systems.
Its sulfur-donating capability makes Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) particularly valuable in efficient vulcanization systems designed to improve heat resistance, reduce cure reversion, and enhance long-term durability.

Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) is frequently combined with MBT, MBTS, CBS, DPG, and dithiocarbamate accelerators to achieve balanced cure characteristics and optimized processing performance.
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) has also been used in specialty rubber compounds, latex formulations, adhesives, and polymer modification systems where controlled sulfur crosslinking and rapid curing are required.
Because of its excellent curing efficiency and balanced scorch safety, Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (TETD) remains an important accelerator for high-performance industrial rubber applications.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TMTD):
For rubber industry, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used as vulcanization accelerator mixed up with thiazole accelerator.
Along with other accelerators, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is also used as continuous glue accelerator.
Over 100℃, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) could slowly break out free sulfer, so it is also used as curing agent.

Production with accelerator Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) has strong performance of aging-resistant and heat resistance.
So Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used for the production of natural rubber and synthesis glue.
For example, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used for the production of tyre, tyre tube, electric cables, and rubber shoes.

For agriculture, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used as a broad-spectrum fungicide.
For aviation purpose, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used for the additive of aviation lubricant oils.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) reduces the growth performance of chickens by reducing liver index, while increasing kidney, heart and spleen index.

In addition, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) also induces tibial chondrodysplasia (TD) by regulating the expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and WNT4.
As a super accelerator in rubber processing, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) plays an important role in the low-temperature vulcanization process and is a key pesticide in agriculture.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is widely used for the production of natural rubber and synthesis glue and also for the production of fungicide in agrochemicals.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is widely used in rubber processing as an ultra accelerator for low-temperature cures, either alone or as an activator for other accelerators, chiefly the thiazoles.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is a widely used compound in both the rubber industry and agriculture.
As a non-staining, fast-curing accelerator, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) plays a vital role in the vulcanization of rubber, particularly in combination with other accelerators to enhance efficiency and performance.

In agriculture, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) serves as a protective fungicide, used to prevent fungal diseases in seeds, crops, and turf.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) offers excellent preventive action, helping to protect plants from fungal infections without systemic absorption, making it suitable for pre-harvest applications.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is an accelerator found in the rubber industry.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used as an accelerator of rubber, or used as bactericide and insecticide.
Applications of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD): Rubber

Intended Use of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD): Vulcanization accelerator of rubber, or used as bactericide and insecticide
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used as a fungicide, bacteriostat, and pesticide.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is widely used in agriculture.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is known to be active against phytopathogenic fungi from different taxonomic classes, such as Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Bortrytis spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Aspergillus niger, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Ascochyta rabiei, Pennicillium italicum, and others.
Due to great fungicidal activity, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is applied for the seed treatment of various economically important crops: rice, corn, peas, sugar beets, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, apples, grapes, strawberries, etc.

In addition, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used to preserve wood, protect textiles and paper, and treat turf diseases.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD)'s activity against nematodes, Japanese beetles, and bacteria is also known.
Besides agriculture uses, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) and its analogs are applied in rubber chemistry as activators and accelerators.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is primarily used as an ultra-fast sulfur vulcanization accelerator and sulfur donor in the manufacture of natural rubber and synthetic elastomer products.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is extensively employed in the production of automobile tires, truck tires, industrial belts, conveyor belts, transmission belts, seals, gaskets, O-rings, hoses, cable insulation, vibration isolators, molded rubber goods, footwear components, rubber-coated fabrics, and numerous engineering rubber products.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) can also be used together with other accelerators as an accelerator for continuously vulcanized rubber particles.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) can also be used together with accelerator MBT (M), which is similar to butyl rubber.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is mainly used in the manufacture of tires, inner tubes, rubber shoes, medical supplies, cables, industrial rubber products, etc.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used as a fungicide and pesticide in agriculture, and can also be used as a lubricant additive.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula C6H12N2S4.
Because of its sulfur-donating capability, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is widely used in efficient vulcanization (EV) and semi-efficient vulcanization (Semi-EV) systems that require low free sulfur levels while maintaining high crosslink density and excellent heat-aging performance.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is frequently combined with MBT, MBTS, CBS, DPG, and dithiocarbamate accelerators to achieve optimized cure characteristics.
Applications of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD):  Rubber and plastic additives, Rubber modification.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is used as a fungicide ectoparasiticide to prevent fungal diseases in seeds and crops and, similarly, as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents, and deer.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is effective against the Stem gall of coriander, damping off, smut of millet, neck rot of onion, etc.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) has been used in treating human scabies as a sunscreen, and bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is also used as a sulfur source and secondary accelerator for the sulfur vulcanization of rubbers.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is an organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerization of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.
Outside the rubber industry, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) has long been used as a broad-spectrum agricultural fungicide, seed treatment chemical, and crop protectant for cereals, vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants.

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) has also been employed as a bactericide, animal repellent, preservative, and industrial biocide in selected applications, although agricultural uses have become increasingly restricted in several countries.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) may be used in dermatology as a scabicide.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) is mainly used as a plant fungicide and as a seed treatment.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
Physical state: Solid
Appearance: Yellow, pale yellow, or off-white powder or granules
Color: Light yellow to cream
Odor: Slight characteristic sulfur or amine-like odor
Chemical class: Thiuram accelerator blend
Composition: Blend of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide and Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide
Sulfur donor capability: Excellent

Cure activity: Ultra-fast
Cure mechanism: Sulfur donor vulcanization accelerator
Molecular formula: Not applicable (mixture)
Molecular weight: Not applicable (mixture)
Density: Approximately 1.30–1.45 g/cm³
Bulk density: Approximately 0.55–0.80 g/cm³
Melting range: Approximately 65–150°C depending on blend composition

Boiling point: Not applicable; decomposes before boiling
Water solubility: Practically insoluble
Solubility in acetone: Soluble
Solubility in benzene: Soluble
Solubility in chloroform: Soluble
Solubility in carbon disulfide: Soluble
Solubility in toluene: Slightly to moderately soluble
Solubility in ethanol: Slightly soluble

Vapor pressure: Very low at ambient temperature
Flash point: Not readily applicable
Thermal stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Moisture sensitivity: Low
Oxidation stability: Good
Storage stability: Excellent when stored in sealed containers
Decomposition temperature: Above melting range
Decomposition products: Carbon oxides (CO, CO₂), sulfur oxides (SOₓ), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbon disulfide (CS₂), sulfur-containing organic vapors

Cure efficiency: Very high
Crosslink density: High
Processing safety: Better than TMTD alone due to TETD contribution
Scorch tendency: Moderate
Blooming tendency: Low when used correctly
Dispersion in rubber: Excellent
Compatibility: Compatible with sulfur, thiazoles, sulfenamides, guanidines, dithiocarbamates, and other thiuram accelerators

TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TETD):
Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline powder or free-flowing granules.
Physical State: Solid.
Color: White to light yellow.
Odor: Slight characteristic sulfur-like odor.
Molecular Formula: C10H20N2S4.
Molecular Weight: 296.54 g/mol.
Density: Approximately 1.28–1.35 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Melting Point: Approximately 65–72°C.
Boiling Point: Not applicable; decomposes before boiling.

Flash Point: Approximately 170–190°C.
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 300–330°C (estimated).
Vapor Pressure: Extremely low at ambient temperature.
Volatility: Very low.
Water Solubility: Practically insoluble (less than 10 mg/L at 25°C).
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide, toluene, ethyl acetate, and many aromatic hydrocarbons; slightly soluble in alcohols.
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): Approximately 3.0–3.5.
pH: Not applicable (insoluble in water).

Thermal Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Chemical Stability: Stable during normal industrial handling and storage.
Hygroscopicity: Low.
Dust Explosion Hazard: Fine dust may form combustible dust-air mixtures.
Oxidizing Properties: Not classified as oxidizing.
Explosive Properties: Not classified as explosive.
Decomposition Temperature: Above approximately 150°C.
Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon disulfide (CS₂), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), diethylamine, sulfur-containing organic vapors.

Reactivity: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, reducing agents, and strong alkalis.
Chemical Name: Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide
Common Name: TETD
IUPAC Name: Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide
CAS Number: 97-77-8
EC Number: 202-617-0
Molecular Formula: C10H20N2S4
Molecular Weight: 296.54 g/mol
Chemical Name or Material: Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide Acetonitrile

TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TMTD):
Appearance: White, pale yellow, or light greenish-yellow crystalline powder or granules.
Physical State: Solid.
Color: White to pale yellow.
Odor: Slight characteristic sulfur odor.
Molecular Formula: C6H12N2S4.
Molecular Weight: 240.43 g/mol.
Density: Approximately 1.29–1.40 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Melting Point: 142–148°C.
Boiling Point: Not applicable; decomposes before boiling.

Flash Point: Approximately 150–170°C.
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 290–320°C.
Vapor Pressure: Extremely low (approximately 2 × 10⁻⁵ Pa at 25°C).
Volatility: Very low.
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble (approximately 30–50 mg/L at 25°C).
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in acetone, chloroform, benzene, carbon disulfide, ethyl acetate, toluene, and many aromatic hydrocarbons; slightly soluble in alcohols.
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): Approximately 1.7–2.0.
pH: Not applicable (insoluble in water).

Thermal Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal industrial handling and storage.
Hygroscopicity: Low.
Dust Explosion Hazard: Finely divided dust may form combustible dust-air mixtures.
Oxidizing Properties: Not classified as oxidizing.
Explosive Properties: Not classified as explosive.
Decomposition Temperature: Above approximately 150°C.
Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon disulfide (CS₂), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), dimethylamine, sulfur-containing organic vapors.

Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, reducing agents, and strong alkalis.
CAS #: 137-26-8
APPEARANCE: Fine White Powder
Appearance: White to off white powder
Bulk Density: +/-0.40
Molecular Formula: C6H12N2S4
Molecular Weight: 240.4
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C6H12N2S4 = 240.42 
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
CAS RN: 137-26-8

FIRST AID MEASURES of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of COMBINATION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE/TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (TM/ETD):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available