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CONTRAM ST-1 is valued for its low volatility, good compatibility with resins, and balanced catalytic activity.
CONTRAM ST-1 is commonly found in coatings, adhesives, sealants, foams, and composite materials where consistent curing behavior is critical.
CONTRAM ST-1 is typically handled in closed systems and stored in tightly sealed containers to avoid moisture uptake and degradation.
CAS Number: 5625-90-1
Molecular Formula: C9H18N2O2
Molecular Weight: 186.25
EINECS Number: 227-062-3
Synonyms: Dimorpholinomethane, 4,4-Methylenedimorpholine, MORPHOLINE 4,4'-METHYLENEDI-, 4,4-Methylene-bismorpholine, N,N'-Dimorpholinomethane, 4,4'-Methylenedimorpholine, 4-(Morpholin-4-ylmethyl)morpholine, Morpholine 4,4'-methylenebis-, N,N'-Methylenebismorpholine, 4-[(Morpholin-4-yl)methyl]morpholine, Bis(4-morpholinyl)methane, 4,4'-Methylenebismorpholine, Bismorpholino methane, n,n'-Methylene-bis-morpholine, Bis(morpholino-)methan (German), Bis(morpholino-)methan, 4-(Morpholinomethyl)morpholine, Bismorpholinomethane, Methylenebismorpholine, Bis(morpholino)methane, 4,4'-Methanediyldimorpholine, 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(MORPHOLINE), N,N’-Methylenebismorpholine, DIMORPHOLINOMETHANE, DIMORPHOLINOMETHONE, Morpholine,4,4-Methylenebis-, Methylene-bis-morpholine,N,N'-, MORPHOLINE44METHYLENEDI, 44METHYLENEBISMORPHOLINE, BIS-(MORPHOLINE-)METHANE
CONTRAM ST-1 is a commercial trade name for dimorpholinomethane (4,4′-methylenedimorpholine), which is an organic aminal formed by linking two morpholine rings through a methylene bridge.
CONTRAM ST-1 appears as a clear to slightly yellow liquid or low-melting solid with good solubility in water and many polar organic solvents.
The molecule contains tertiary amine functionalities, giving it basic character and good reactivity toward acids, resins, and reactive intermediates.
CONTRAM ST-1 is mainly used as a latent curing agent, catalyst, and crosslinking accelerator in polyurethane, epoxy, phenolic, and other thermosetting resin systems.
CONTRAM ST-1 promotes controlled polymerization and improves curing speed, mechanical strength, and thermal stability of the final polymer network.
Because it releases reactive amine species gradually, it provides better processing stability and shelf life compared with fast-acting amine catalysts.
CONTRAM ST-1 is a proprietary commercial grade of dimorpholinomethane (also known as 4,4′-methylenedimorpholine or N,N′-methylenebismorpholine), a bifunctional tertiary aminal compound in which two morpholine rings are linked through a methylene (-CH₂-) bridge.
The presence of two tertiary amine centers gives the molecule strong nucleophilic and catalytic behavior while maintaining relatively low vapor pressure and good thermal stability compared with small volatile amines.
CONTRAM ST-1 is typically supplied as a clear to pale yellow liquid or low-melting solid with mild amine-like odor and high miscibility with water, alcohols, glycols, and many polar organic solvents.
CONTRAM ST-1 can undergo acid-catalyzed cleavage to release morpholine derivatives and formaldehyde-type intermediates, which explains its latent reactivity in curing systems.
The aminal structure provides controlled activation under heat or acidic environments, allowing delayed catalytic action during processing but rapid crosslinking once curing conditions are reached.
Its basicity enables it to neutralize acidic species and to catalyze reactions such as urethane formation, epoxy ring opening, and phenolic resin condensation, contributing to uniform polymer network development.
CONTRAM ST-1 is valued for its excellent compatibility with polyurethane polyols, epoxy resins, phenolic binders, and solvent-based coating systems, minimizing phase separation and haze formation.
It improves pot life stability while still enabling fast final cure, which is particularly beneficial for casting resins, laminates, composite matrices, and adhesive formulations.
The compound also contributes to improved mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and chemical resistance in cured products due to more complete crosslinking.
In coatings and adhesive technologies, CONTRAM ST-1 functions as a latent accelerator and co-catalyst, helping balance open time, viscosity stability, and final hardness.
CONTRAM ST-1 is often used in industrial flooring coatings, protective anticorrosion coatings, structural adhesives, sealants, and foam systems where controlled curing kinetics are critical for process reliability.
Because of its relatively low volatility, it reduces odor issues and workplace exposure compared with conventional amine accelerators.
Boiling point: 122–124 °C at 12 mmHg
Density: 1.04 g/cm³
Refractive index: 1.4790 (estimate)
Storage temperature: 2–8 °C
pKa: 6.91 ± 0.10 (predicted)
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow liquid
Water solubility: Soluble in water
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H18N2O2/c1-5-12-6-2-10(1)9-11-3-7-13-8-4-11/h1-9H2
InChIKey: MIFZZKZNMWTHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(N1CCOCC1)N1CCOCC1
CONTRAM ST-1 is a commercial product name for dimorpholinomethane, also known as 4,4′-methylenedimorpholine and N,N′-methylenebismorpholine.
It is an organic aminal compound formed by linking two morpholine rings through a methylene bridge.
The molecule contains two tertiary amine centers, which provide strong basicity and catalytic reactivity.
CONTRAM ST-1 is typically supplied as a clear to pale yellow liquid or a low-melting solid depending on purity and storage temperature.
It shows good miscibility with water, alcohols, glycols, and many polar organic solvents.
It has relatively low vapor pressure compared with small aliphatic amines.
Chemically, CONTRAM ST-1 can undergo acid-catalyzed cleavage to generate morpholine derivatives and reactive methylene species.
This behavior explains its latent catalytic activity in polymer curing systems.
The compound remains relatively stable during storage but becomes more reactive under heat or acidic conditions.
CONTRAM ST-1 is widely used as a latent curing agent and accelerator in polyurethane, epoxy, phenolic, and thermosetting resin systems.
It helps control reaction speed while maintaining good processing stability and pot life.
It improves crosslink density, mechanical strength, and thermal resistance of cured materials.
In coatings and adhesive formulations, CONTRAM ST-1 supports uniform curing and minimizes defects such as incomplete hardening and phase separation.
It is applied in industrial coatings, structural adhesives, sealants, foams, and composite materials.
Its low volatility helps reduce odor and operator exposure in production environments.
CONTRAM ST-1 may cause skin irritation, eye irritation, and respiratory discomfort upon direct contact or inhalation.
Protective gloves, goggles, and adequate ventilation are recommended during handling.
It should be stored in tightly closed containers away from strong acids, oxidizing agents, and moisture.
Regarding safety and handling, CONTRAM ST-1 behaves like a typical tertiary amine compound and may cause skin irritation, eye irritation, and respiratory discomfort upon direct exposure or inhalation of vapors or aerosols.
CONTRAM ST-1 should be handled with gloves, goggles, and adequate ventilation, and stored in tightly closed containers away from strong acids, oxidizers, and moisture.
Thermal decomposition or strong acidic contact may generate irritating amine vapors and formaldehyde-related species, so temperature control and chemical compatibility must be carefully managed in industrial environments.
Uses:
CONTRAM ST-1 is employed as intermediate for pharmaceutical.
CONTRAM ST-1 is used as a latent curing accelerator in polyurethane systems to control gel time and improve final mechanical strength.
It enhances urethane formation efficiency and supports uniform crosslinking in flexible and rigid foam formulations.
It improves processing stability while maintaining fast final cure performance.
CONTRAM ST-1 is applied as a catalyst and co-curing agent in epoxy resin systems to promote controlled ring-opening reactions.
It increases adhesion strength, chemical resistance, and thermal durability in epoxy coatings and structural adhesives.
It supports consistent viscosity behavior during processing and application.
CONTRAM ST-1 is used in phenolic and amino resin formulations to accelerate condensation reactions and improve resin network formation.
It enhances heat resistance, dimensional stability, and long-term durability of molded and laminated products.
CONTRAM ST-1 contributes to improved surface finish and reduced curing defects.
CONTRAM ST-1 is utilized in industrial coatings to balance open time, leveling behavior, and final hardness.
It supports uniform film formation and reduces incomplete curing in thick or multilayer coatings.
It is commonly applied in anticorrosion coatings, flooring systems, and protective industrial paints.
CONTRAM ST-1 is incorporated into adhesive and sealant formulations to improve bonding strength and cure reliability.
It enables controlled curing in moisture-sensitive or temperature-variable environments.
It supports long-term mechanical stability and resistance to aging.
CONTRAM ST-1 is used as a latent curing accelerator in polyurethane systems to control gel time and optimize foam rise behavior.
CONTRAM ST-1 improves cell structure uniformity and reduces collapse or shrinkage in rigid and flexible foams.
It supports higher productivity by shortening final curing cycles without sacrificing processing window stability.
CONTRAM ST-1 is applied in epoxy resin formulations as a co-catalyst to enhance crosslink density and improve mechanical performance.
It increases tensile strength, impact resistance, and adhesion to metals, ceramics, and composite substrates.
It supports improved resistance against moisture, solvents, and thermal aging.
CONTRAM ST-1 is utilized in phenolic, urea-formaldehyde, and melamine resin systems to accelerate condensation and improve network uniformity.
It enhances dimensional stability, surface hardness, and heat resistance in molded components and laminates.
It reduces residual monomer content and improves long-term material stability.
CONTRAM ST-1 is incorporated into industrial coatings to regulate cure speed and minimize surface defects such as pinholes and blistering.
It improves leveling behavior and film continuity in high-build and multilayer coating systems.
It supports improved corrosion protection and chemical resistance in protective coatings.
CONTRAM ST-1 is used in adhesive formulations to improve bonding reliability on difficult substrates such as aluminum, steel, and engineering plastics.
It enhances cohesive strength and resistance to creep under mechanical load.
It improves durability under cyclic temperature and humidity exposure.
CONTRAM ST-1 is applied in composite manufacturing to improve resin impregnation and curing uniformity in fiber-reinforced systems.
It supports consistent matrix formation in glass fiber, carbon fiber, and hybrid composites.
It contributes to improved interfacial bonding and mechanical integrity of composite structures.
Safety Profile:
CONTRAM ST-1 may cause skin irritation and redness after prolonged or repeated contact.
Direct contact with the eyes may result in burning sensation, tearing, and temporary visual disturbance.
Inhalation of vapors or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract and cause coughing or throat discomfort.
CONTRAM ST-1 may be harmful if swallowed and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, and discomfort.
Accidental ingestion may also lead to systemic effects due to its amine functionality.
Medical attention should be sought if ingestion occurs.
CONTRAM ST-1 can react with strong acids, releasing heat and potentially forming irritating or toxic decomposition products.
Under high temperatures or acidic conditions, it may generate formaldehyde-related vapors and amine fumes.
These decomposition products can increase respiratory and eye irritation risks.
CONTRAM ST-1 should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves and safety goggles.
Adequate ventilation or local exhaust systems should be used to minimize inhalation exposure.
