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Introduction
Cosmenyl Green GG is a synthetic green dye predominantly used in the cosmetics and personal care industries.
As a colorant, it provides vibrant green hues to a wide range of products, including hair care formulations, skin lotions, soaps, and other toiletries.
The dye is valued for its high color strength, stability under formulation conditions, and compatibility with various ingredients.
Synonyms:
Cosmenyl Green GG,Acid Green 50,Direct Green 6,C.I. Acid Green 50,C.I. Direct Green 6
Cosmenyl Green GG belongs to a class of synthetic organic dyes characterized by azo groups (-N=N-) linking aromatic rings, often sulfonated to improve water solubility.
Synthetic dyes such as Cosmenyl Green GG have largely replaced natural colorants due to their consistency, purity, and ease of manufacturing.
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the chemical identity, synthesis, physicochemical properties, applications, toxicological profile, regulatory status, analytical methodologies, and environmental impact of Cosmenyl Green GG, as well as exploring potential future developments in this field.
Chemical Identification
CAS Number and Synonyms
CAS Number: 1328-53-6 (Note: This CAS number corresponds to a green azo dye commonly identified as Acid Green 3 or similar.
Exact CAS confirmation is critical because “Cosmenyl Green GG” is a trade name; please verify with manufacturers or chemical databases.)
Color Index (CI) Number: CI 74265
Chemical Name
Chemical names vary depending on the exact molecular structure. For many azo dyes, the IUPAC name is complex due to multiple sulfonic acid groups and azo linkages.
A typical name might be:
Sodium 4-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate (or similar, depending on the specific compound).
Chemical Formula and Structure
Molecular Formula: C20H13N4Na3O7S3
Molecular Weight: Approximately 535.5 g/mol
The molecule typically contains aromatic rings connected by azo groups (-N=N-), with sulfonic acid groups (-SO3Na) enhancing water solubility.
This structure allows the dye to bind strongly to substrates like hair keratin or skin proteins, providing lasting color.
Chemical Structure and Properties
Physical Properties
Appearance: Dark green powder or granular solid.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water due to sulfonate groups; insoluble or poorly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol or acetone.
Melting Point: Decomposes typically above 200 °C, no distinct melting point.
Stability: Stable under ambient conditions, but sensitive to strong acids, bases, and reducing agents which can cleave azo bonds.
pH Range: Stable in pH 4-10, common for cosmetic applications.
Spectral Properties
UV-Visible Absorption: Shows strong absorbance in the visible region around 620-650 nm, responsible for its green color.
Fluorescence: Generally non-fluorescent.
Chemical Behavior
Exhibits typical azo dye behavior: azo group reduction leads to loss of color (used in dye removal processes).
Reacts with oxidizing agents which can degrade the dye.
Resistant to light fading under typical cosmetic usage conditions but prolonged exposure to UV may cause slow photodegradation.
Synthesis and Manufacturing
Synthetic Route
Cosmenyl Green GG is synthesized via classical azo coupling chemistry:
Diazotization: Aromatic amines (e.g., sulfanilic acid derivatives) are treated with nitrous acid (generated in situ from sodium nitrite and acid) at low temperatures (0-5 °C) to form diazonium salts.
Coupling Reaction: The diazonium salt is reacted with a coupling component, often a phenol or aromatic amine, under alkaline or acidic conditions to form the azo linkage (-N=N-).
Sulfonation: Introduction of sulfonic acid groups is performed to increase water solubility, typically by sulfonating aromatic rings before or after azo coupling.
Purification: The crude dye is purified by crystallization or filtration to remove unreacted materials and impurities.
Quality Control
Key parameters monitored during synthesis include:
pH control to optimize diazotization and coupling.
Temperature control to prevent side reactions.
Purity via chromatography and spectrophotometry.
Color strength and shade consistency.
Scale and Commercial Production
Production can be batch or continuous, with industrial reactors designed to maintain strict temperature and pH control.
Waste management focuses on minimizing release of azo compounds and nitrous oxides.
Applications
Cosmetics
Cosmenyl Green GG is widely employed in cosmetics as a colorant for:
Hair Dyes: Used both as a direct dye and as a component in permanent hair color formulations.
Shampoos and Conditioners: Adds aesthetic appeal with stable green coloration.
Skin Care Products: Included in lotions, creams, and gels for visual effect.
Soaps and Bath Products: Used to impart a vibrant green tint.
The dye’s compatibility with various cosmetic ingredients (oils, emulsifiers, surfactants) and stability in formulations make it highly valuable.
Textile Industry
Occasionally used in textile dyeing for cellulose fibers like cotton, though less common due to alternatives.
Paper Industry
Used to color paper products for packaging or specialty printing.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT COSMENYL GREEN GG
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off conSAFETYtaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
