PRODUCTS

CYCLOHEXANOL

CAS NO:108-93-0
EC NO:203-630-6

Cyclohexanol is the organic compound with the formula HOCH(CH2)5. The molecule is related to cyclohexane by replacement of one hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group.This compound exists as a deliquescent colorless solid with a camphor-like odor, which, when very pure, melts near room temperature. Billions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly as a precursor to nylon.

Properties
Chemical formula   C6H12O
Molar mass   100.158 g/mol
Appearance   Colorless, viscous liquid.
Hygroscopic
Odor   camphor-like
Density   0.9624 g/mL, liquid
Melting point   25.93 °C (78.67 °F; 299.08 K)
Boiling point   161.84 °C (323.31 °F; 434.99 K)
Solubility in water   3.60 g/100 mL (20 °C)
4.3 g/100 mL (30 °C)
Solubility   soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, chloroform
miscible with ethyl acetate, linseed oil, benzene
Vapor pressure   1 mmHg (20°C)[2]
Henry's law
constant (kH)   4.40 x 10−6 atm-cu m/mol
Acidity (pKa)   16
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)   -73.40·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)   1.4641
Viscosity   41.07 mPa·s (30 °C)

Production
Cyclohexanol is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts:

C6H12 + 1/2 O2 → C6H11OH
This process co-forms cyclohexanone, and this mixture ("KA oil" for ketone-alcohol oil) is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid. The oxidation involves radicals and the intermediacy of the hydroperoxide C6H11O2H. Alternatively, cyclohexanol can be produced by the hydrogenation of phenol:

C6H5OH + 3 H2 → C6H11OH
Cyclohexanol can also be adjusted to favor the formation of cyclohexanone.

Basic reactions
Cyclohexanol undergoes the main reactions expected for a secondary alcohol. Oxidation gives cyclohexanone, which is converted on a large scale in industry to the oxime, a precursor to caprolactam. As a laboratory exercise, this oxidation can be effected with chromic acid. Esterification affords the commercially useful derivatives dicyclohexyladipate and dicyclohexylphthalate, which are used as plasticizers. Heating in the presence of acid catalysts converts cyclohexanol to cyclohexene.

Structure
Cyclohexanol has at least two solid phases. One of them is a plastic crystal.

Applications
As indicated above, cyclohexanol is an important feedstock in the polymer industry, firstly as a precursor to nylons, but also to various plasticizers. Small amounts are used as a solvent.

Cyclohexanol appears as a colorless liquid with a camphor-like odor. Soluble in most organic liquids. Flash point 154°F. May be toxic by inhalation or skin exposure. Vapors are narcotic in high concentrations. Irritates skin, eyes and mucus membranes. Used in making soap, lacquers, and plastics.

Cyclohexanol is an alcohol that consists of cyclohexane bearing a single hydroxy substituent. The parent of the class of cyclohexanols.
Cyclohexanol has a role as a solvent.
Cyclohexanol is a secondary alcohol and a member of cyclohexanols.

USES
1. Solvent for alkyd resins, alcohol-soluble phenolic resins, ethyl cellulose. Manufacture of celluloid; finishing textiles; in insecticides.
2.Oxidation of cyclohexanol to adipic acid is the most important use... 90% of adipic acid produced in the United States is used in the manufacture of nylon-6,6... The next important usage of cyclohexanol, pure or admixed with cyclohexanone as KA-oil, is in the production of caprolactam, which is used in the manufacture of nylon-6 polymer.
3.Chemical intermediate; a stabilizer and homogenizer for soaps and synthetic detergent emulsions; solvent for lacquers and varnishes.
4.Soap making to incorporate solvents and phenolic insecticides, source of adipic acid for nylon, textile finishing, solvent for alkyd and phenolic resins, cellulosics, blending agent, lacquers, paints and varnishes, finish removers, emulsified products, leather degreasing, polishes, plasticizers, plastics, germicides.
5.As a solvent for oils ... shellacs...

Industry Uses
Intermediates
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

Consumer Uses
Non-TSCA use

General description
Cyclohexanol is an alicyclic alcohol.
It is industrially produced from phenol, via hydrogenation in the presence of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst.
Cyclohexanol is also produced from cyclohexane, via oxidation with molecular oxygen in the presence of Co3O4 nanocrystals (catalyst). A mixture of cyclohexanone (K) and cyclohexanol (A) is known as KA oil. KA oil can be generated from cyclohexane, via liquid-phase oxidation.

Application
Cyclohexanol may be used in the preparation of ε-caprolactam and adipic acid, important precursors for the industrial synthesis of nylon-6 and nylon-6.6, respectively.

Cyclohexanol, a saturated alicyclic alcohol, is a clear, oily, hygroscopic liquid with a camphorlike odor; melts at 24 C, boils at 161 C.
Cyclohexanol is prepared by the hydrogenation of phenol or oxidation of cyclohexane in liquid-phase.
Cyclohexanol main application is to manufacture adipic acid which is a raw material of nylon 6,6.
Cyclohexanol is used as a solvent and a dry cleaning material.
Cyclohexanol is used in making soaps and detergents.
Cyclohexanol is used as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, rubber chemicals, cyclohexylamine and pesticides.

Formula: C6H11OH
Molecular mass: 100.2
Boiling point: 161°C
Melting point: 23°C
Relative density (water = 1): 0.96
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 4
Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 0.13
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 3.5
Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20°C (air = 1): 1.00
Flash point: 68°C c.c.
Auto-ignition temperature: 300°C
Explosive limits, vol% in air: 2.4-12
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 1.2

Cyclohexanol is secondary alcohol and a member of cyclohexanols.

Reactivity Profile
Cyclohexanol is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. Violent reaction with nitric acid.

Cyclohexanol is a colorless oily alcohol C6H11OH that has an odor like camphor, is made by the catalytic hydrogenation of phenol or oxidation of cyclohexane, and is used chiefly as a solvent, as a stabilizer for emulsions, and in the manufacture of adipic acid; hexahydro-phenol

Cyclohexanol may be used in the preparation of ε-caprolactam and adipic acid, important precursors for the industrial synthesis of nylon-6 and nylon-6.6, respectively.
Cyclohexanol is an alicyclic alcohol.
Cyclohexanol is industrially produced from phenol, via hydrogenation in the presence of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst.
Cyclohexanol is also produced from cyclohexane, via oxidation with molecular oxygen in the presence of Co3O4 nanocrystals (catalyst). A mixture of cyclohexanone (K) and cyclohexanol (A) is known as KA oil. KA oil can be generated from cyclohexane, via liquid-phase oxidation.

About this substance
Helpful information
Cyclohexanol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.

Cyclohexanol is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Cyclohexanol is used in the following products: plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Cyclohexanol is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Article service life
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which this substance is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers
Cyclohexanol is used in the following products: plant protection products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Cyclohexanol is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Cyclohexanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.

Formulation or re-packing
Cyclohexanol is used in the following products: plant protection products, washing & cleaning products, coating products, laboratory chemicals, paper chemicals and dyes and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexanol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Uses at industrial sites
Cyclohexanol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products and paper chemicals and dyes.
Cyclohexanol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Cyclohexanol is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction.
Cyclohexanol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexanol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), manufacturing of the substance, for thermoplastic manufacture and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of Cyclohexanol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Used in agricultural products, rubber manufacturing, plasticizers and solvents.
Cyclohexanol is produced by hydrogenating phenol with a select catalyst, which reduces concerns with applications sensitive to oxygen or peroxide.

Applications
Cyclohexanol is used in making soaps, dry cleaning agents and plasticizers.
Cyclohexanol acts as a solvent for rubber, resins, nitrocellulose, metallic soaps, oils, esters and ethers.
Cyclohexanol is used in the preparation of adipic acid, hexamethylene diamine, cyclohexanone and caprolactam.
Cyclohexanol acts as a soap stabilizing agent, disinfection medicated soap and detergent emulsion.
Cyclohexanol is also useful for paint blending agent, leather degreasing agent and polishes.

Formula
C6H12O
Formula Weight
100.16
Melting point
23-24°
Boiling Point
160-161°
Flash Point
67°(152°F)
Density
0.951
Refractive Index
1.4650
Storage & Sensitivity
Ambient temperatures.
Solubility
Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, linseed oil and benzene. Slightly miscible with cold water.

Cyclohexanol is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CHOH.

Cyclohexanol, also known as hexahydrophenol or hexalin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclohexanols. Cyclohexanols are compounds containing an alcohol group attached to a cyclohexane ring.
Cyclohexanol is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).
Cyclohexanol is a potentially toxic compound.

Cyclohexanol is a clear liquid or solid substance – solidification point of pure cyclohexanol 25oC.
Cyclohexanol is obtained through cyclohexane oxidation.
Cyclohexanol is moderately water soluble (9% m/m at 20oC) and has unlimited solubility in: ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether, toluene, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, oils, benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons.

This is a secondary alcohol, with the formula C6H11OH. This is usually a colourless solid, which, in a very pure state, will melt at room temperature.
Cyclohexanol's obtained during the process of hydrogenation nitrobenzene to aniline due to oxy-hydrogenation. Being a precursor of nylon, an important artificial fibre, millions of tons of Cyclohexanol are produced on an annual basis.
Cyclohexanol can also be used as solvent in dry cleaning, in soap and detergent manufacture, in the production of pharmaceutical products, plasticisers, chemicals for the rubber industry, cyclohexylamine and pesticides.

Cyclohexanol: A secondary alcohol of molecular formula C6H14O in which the hydroxyl group is bonded to a cyclohexane ring.

Cyclohexanol is secondary alcohol because the −OH group is attached to a secondary carbon in the ring.

Chemical Properties
colourless liquid

Chemical Properties
Cyclohexanol is a sticky solid (above 25℃ /77℃ F) or colorless, viscous liquid. Faint camphor odor.

Physical properties
Clear, colorless to pale yellow, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with a camphor-like odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 64 μg/m3 (155 ppbv) was reported by Punter (1983).

Occurrence
Has apparently not been reported to occur in nature

Uses
Solvent for oils, resins, ethyl cellulose; manufacture of soap, plastics

Uses
Cyclohexanol is used for the productionof adipic acid and caprolactam for makingnylon.
Cyclohexanols phthalate derivatives are used forplasticizers.
Cyclohexanol is used as a stabilizer for soapsand detergents; as a solvent for lacquers,varnishes, and shellacs; and as a dye solventfor textiles.

Uses
Solvent for alkyd resins, alcohol-sol phenolic resins, ethyl cellulose. manufacture of celluloid; finishing textiles; insecticides.

Definition
ChEBI: An alcohol that consists of cyclohexane bearing a single hydroxy substituent. The parent of the class of cyclohexanols.

Preparation
By reduction of cyclohexanone or by hydrogenation of phenol in the presence of a catalyst (Arctander, 1969).

Production Methods
Cyclohexanol is prepared by the catalytic air oxidation of cyclohexane or by the catalytic hydrogenation of phenol. The most important use of cyclohexanol is in producing adipic acid used in the manufacture of caprolactam.
Cyclohexanol is used in the manufacture of esters for use as plasticizers; it is also used as a chemical intermediate, a stabilizer, a homogenizer for various soap and detergent emulsions, and as a solvent for lacquers and varnishes . The primary routes of occupational exposure are dermal and inhalation.

Cyclohexanol is a secondary alcohol because the -OH group is attached to a secondary carbon if the ring.

Cyclohexanol is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CHOH. The molecule is related to cyclohexane ring by replacement of one hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group.

This compound exists as a deliquescent colorless solid with a camphor-like odor, which, when very pure, melts near room temperature. Billions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly as a precursor to nylon.

Use:
disinfectants; germicides; homogenizer; insecticides; lacquers, and printing inks; solvent for extraction of lubricating oils; stabilizer

Cyclohexanol is a primary alcohol and it undergoes a dehydration reaction in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid at.

Cyclohexanol is prepared by the catalytic air oxidation of cyclohexane or by the catalytic hydrogenation of phenol. The most important use of cyclohexanol is in producing adipic acid used in the manufacture of caprolactam.
Cyclohexanol is used in the manufacture of esters for use as plasticizers; it is also used as a chemical intermediate, a stabilizer, a homogenizer for various soap and detergent emulsions, and as a solvent for lacquers and varnishes . The primary routes of occupational exposure are dermal and inhalation.

Cyclohexane is a general organic chemical solvent.
Cyclohexane is also used as a precursor to the synthesis of nylon.

Cyclohexanol Usage
Cyclohexanol is mainly used for the preparation of cyclohexanone (further preparation of caprolactam) and adipic acid.
Cyclohexanol is also used for the preparation of plasticizers (such as cyclohexyl phthalate), surfactants and industrial solvents.
Cyclohexanol is used for adipic acid, plasticizer and detergent, as well as solvent and emulsifier.

Chemical Name: Cyclohexanol
CAS No.: 108-93-0
Molecular Fomula: C6H12O
Chemical Structure:
Molecular weight: 100.16
Appearance: Colorless oily flammable liquid
Assay: 99%

Cyclohexanol is an essential chemical used in the manufacture of cyclohexylamine and nylon polymer.
Cyclohexanol is also used in the production of agricultural products, rubber chemicals, plasticizers and solvent applications.
• Cyclohexanol is a high production volume (HPV) chemical produced at over one million pounds annually.
• Workplace exposures to cyclohexanol during its manufacture, and when used as a chemical intermediate for production of nylon, insecticides, herbicides, plasticizers, rubber chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, are expected to be minimal because it is contained in enclosed systems and consumed during use. Workplace exposure limits have been established for use in worksite safety programs.
• Cyclohexanol is a clear, colorless, combustible liquid.
• Cyclohexanol is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Cyclohexanol can be absorbed through the skin causing harmful effects.
Cyclohexanol is slightly toxic in the unlikely event it’s swallowed. Breathing cyclohexanol vapor can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, tremors, and lack of coordination; and at high concentrations, it can cause loss of consciousness and even death from respiratory depression.
• Cyclohexanol is rapidly metabolized and eliminated from the body.
• Cyclohexanol does not affect development, but it may impair the ability to successfully reproduce following repeated exposures to very high concentrations.
• The cancer risk for cyclohexanol is low.
• Cyclohexanol has low toxicity to aquatic organisms.
• Cyclohexanol has minimal potential to accumulate in the bodies of humans or animals.
Cyclohexanol is readily biodegradable and will not persist in the environment.

Cyclohexanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H12O. The appearance is colorless transparent oily liquid or white needlelike crystal, has a camphor-like odor, has hygroabsorption, can be mixed with ethanol, ethyl acetate, carbon disulfide, turpentine, flaxseed oil and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Application:

Important chemical raw materials, mainly for the production of adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine, cyclohexanone, caprolactam, also can be used as a soap stabilizer, make disinfection soap and detergent emulsion, used for rubber, resin, nitrocellulose, metallic soap, solvent oil, esters, ethers, admixture of paint, leather degreasing agent, remover, dry cleaners, polish.Cyclohexanol and fiber finishing agent, pesticides, the raw material of plasticizer, cyclohexanol reaction with phosgene formic acid cyclohexyl chloride, is the initiator peroxide on carbonate ester of intermediates.

Cyclohexanol is a colorless, viscous liquid with a camphoraceous odor.
Cyclohexanol is used chiefly as a chemical intermediate, a stabilizer, and a homogenizer for various soap and detergent emulsions, and as a solvent for lacquers and varnishes.
Cyclohexanone is a colorless, mobile liquid with an odor suggestive of peppermint and acetone.
Cyclohexanol is used chiefly as a chemical intermediate and as a solvent for resins, lacquers, dyes, and insecticides.

Cyclohexanone (also known as oxocyclohexane, pimelic ketone, cyclohexyl ketone, and CYC) is a clear oily liquid that has a colourless to light yellow tinge and a pungent odour.
Cyclohexanone is a sixcarbon cyclic molecule belonging to the class of cyclic ketones (organic compounds) with the formula C6H10O.

Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water, completely miscible with common solvents and reacts with oxidants such as nitric acid.
Cyclohexanone occurs naturally in crude oils and is also produced synthetically, in large quantities, as it is a key intermediate in the production of nylon.

Cyclohexanone uses in industry
Cyclohexanone has many industrial uses, primarily as an industrial chemical and chemical intermediate in the production of specific target molecules. In fact, the consumption of cyclohexanone is linked almost entirely to the nylon industry with derivatives oxidised to produce adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors for nylon 6. Up to 70% of the world’s caprolactam is produced via cyclohexanone.

Other cyclohexanone derivatives are used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, herbicides, pesticides, plasticisers, and rubber chemicals. Additional industry uses of cyclohexanone include as an adhesive, fuel, paint and coating additive and laboratory chemical.

Cyclohexanone is used as a solvent for lacquers, paints, resins, degreasers, spot removers, polymers, copolymers, waxes, crude rubber, cellulose acetate, the manufacturing of herbicides and anihistamines.

Consumer uses
Cyclohexanone is found in various consumer products including in adhesives, paints, automotive, cleaning and furnishing care products, electronics, and photo chemicals.

How is cyclohexanone made?
There are several methods of manufacturing cyclohexanone, one of which being the catalytic hydrogenation of phenol:

C6H5OH + 2 H2 → (CH2)5CO

Another method is via the catalytic air-oxidation of cyclohexane, typically in the presence of cobalt crystals:

C6H12 + O2 → (CH2)5CO + H2O

This reaction is one of the primary commercial bulk manufacturing methods, the other being the hydrogenation of benzene (in a closed system).

Other methods include the catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol:

C6H11OH → C6H11OH + H2

Worldwide, thousands of tonnes of cyclohexyl ketone are produced annually. Demand for it is still growing, especially in China, and several new production plants have come on-line in the past few years in order to help meet this demand.

Cyclohexanone is an organic solvent that is a pale yellow liquid with a pleasant odour. The flashpoint of cyclohexanone is 45 ºC making is a flammable product with a boiling range of 153-158 ºC. The density of cyclohexanone is 0.948, which means it is less dense than water.
Cyclohexanone is a six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group. The organic compound is slow to medium evaporation rate with minimum residue upon drying.

Cyclohexanone Uses

Cyclohexanone has good solvency in both hydrocarbons and chemical solvents, which means that it mixes well and is miscible in most organic solvents.

Cyclohexanone is an important chemical solvent used in a variety of industries, in particular, the paints and printing industry.
Cyclohexanone is also a major ingredient for the manufacture of herbicides, anti-histamines and a major catalyst for polyester and synthetic resins.
Cyclohexanone is also a major additive in lacquers and paints to prevent blushing and as a solvent for PVC printing inks.

Other names: Cyclohexyl alcohol; Adronal; Adronol; Anol; Hexahydrophenol; Hexalin; Hydroxycyclohexane; Naxol; Phenol, hexahydro-; 1-Cyclohexanol; Cyclohexane, hydroxy-; Hydralin; Cicloesanolo; Cykloheksanol; Hydrophenol; NSC 403656

IUPAC names
Adronal, Hexahydrophenol
Cicloesanolo
Cyclohexanol
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanol
cyclohexanol
cyclohexanol-

SYNONYMS:
108-93-0 [RN]
1-cyclohexanol
203-630-6 [EINECS]
203-631-1 [EINECS]
Cicloesanolo [Italian]
cyclohexan-1-ol
Cyclohexanol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Cyclohexanol [German] [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Cyclohexanol [French] [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Cyclohexyl Alcohol
Cykloheksanol [Polish]
MFCD00003855 [MDL number]
(1R,2R)-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol
(2H12)Cyclohexanol
108-94-1 [RN]
203-630-6MFCD00003855
4-06-00-00020 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
40O
4-HYDROXYCYCLOHEXA
4-HYDROXYCYCLOHEXYL
55817-29-3 [RN]
66522-78-9 [RN]
93131-17-0 [RN]
Adronol
Cyanomethylthioacetic acid
CYCLOHEXAN(OL-D)
Cyclohexan-d11-ol
Cyclohexane, hydroxy-
cyclohexanol, reagent
Cyclohexanol;Hexahydrophenol
Cyclohexanol-d11
Cyclohexanol-d12