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Cyclotetramethylene oxide is the monosodium salt of hydrogen sulfide, functioning as both a strong base and a versatile reducing agent.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide typically appears as colorless to light yellow solid flakes or as concentrated aqueous solutions (30–45%) with a pungent odor of rotten eggs, caused by hydrogen sulfide release.
Industrially, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is widely used in leather dehairing, copper and molybdenum ore flotation, and the production of thiochemicals and other organosulfur compounds.
CAS Number: 16721-80-5
EC Number: 240-778-0
Molecular Formula: NaSH
Molecular Weight: 56.06 g/mol
Synonyms: Sodium sulfhydrate, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium hydrogen sulfide, sodium bisulphide, sodium mercaptan, Sodium hydrosulfide, Sodium bisulfide, Sodium sulfhydrate, Sodium hydrogen sulfide, SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE, Sodium bisulfide, 16721-80-5, Sodium sulfhydrate, Sodium sulfide (Na(SH)), Sodium hydrogen sulfide, Sodium mercaptan, Sodium mercaptide, NaHS, sodium sulfanide, Hydrogen sodium sulfide, Sodium sulfide (Na(HS)), Sodium hydrosulfide (Na(HS)), Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), Hidrosulfuro sodics, NA2922, Hydrogenosulfure de sodium, FWU2KQ177W, NSC-158264, DTXSID3029738, DTXCID409738, 240-778-0, RefChem:183933, Sodium hydrosulphide, sodium;sulfanide, Sodium Hydrogensulfide, MFCD00011124, CHEMBL1644699, HNaS, Hidrosulfuro sodics [Spanish], HSDB 5165, Hydrogenosulfure de sodium [French], EINECS 240-778-0, UN2318, UN2949, UNII-FWU2KQ177W, NSC 158264, AI3-14915, Sodium Sulfide (Na(SH)) Hydrate; Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide Hydrate, sodiumhydrogensulfide, sodium hydro-sulfide, SODIUM BISULPHIDE, EC 240-778-0, SCHEMBL6248, SODIUM BISULFIDE [MI], GTPL6278, SCHEMBL8425806, SCHEMBL29353883, SCHEMBL30163432, Sodium hydrogen sulfide, anhydrous, SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE [HSDB], NSC158264, AKOS015915184, FS45162, NS00075797, A11479, A810831, Q414203, Sodium hydrosulfide, with <25% water of crystallization, Sodium hydrosulfide, with not <25% water of crystallization, Sodium hydrosulfide, with not <25% water of crystallization [UN2949] [Corrosive], 115694-77-4, Sodium hydrosulfide, with <25% water of crystallization [UN2318] [Spontaneously combustible], sodiummercaptan, sodium bisulfide, hidrosulfurosodics, Sodium Sulfhydrate, Sodium sulfohydrate, sodiumhydrosulphide, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium hydrosulphide, hydrogensodiumsulfide, Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide, Sodium Hydrogen Sulphide, sodiumhydrogensulfide(nahs), hydrogenosulfuredesodium(french), hydrogenosulfuredesodium,anhydre, hydrogenosulfuredesodium,dihydrate, Hydrogen sodium sulfide (HNaS), NSC 158264, Sodium bisulfide, Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), Sodium hydrosulfide (Na(HS)), Sodium mercaptan, Sodium mercaptide, Sodium sulfhydrate, Sodium sulfide (Na(SH)), Sodium bisulfide, Hidrosulfuro sodics [Spanish], Hydrogen sodium sulfide, Hydrogenosulfure de sodium [French], Sodium hydrosulfide, Sodium mercaptan, Sodium mercaptide, Sodium sulfhydrate, Sodium sulfide, Sodium hydrogensulphide, Sodium hydrosulfide solution, Sodium hydrosulfide solution (45% or less), Sodium hydrosulfide, solution, Sodium hydrosulfide, with <25% water of crystallization, Sodium hydrosulfide, with not <25% water of crystallization, [ChemIDplus] UN2949, UN2318 (less than 25% water of crystallization)
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is an inorganic compound widely recognized as the monosodium salt of hydrogen sulfide.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide typically appears as colorless to yellowish solid flakes or as a concentrated aqueous solution with a strong odor reminiscent of rotten eggs, due to partial release of hydrogen sulfide gas.
Chemically, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is highly soluble in water and alcohol, and it is classified as a strong base and reducing agent.
Industrially, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is extensively used in the leather industry for dehairing hides, in mining processes (especially flotation of copper and molybdenum ores), and in the production of chemicals such as thiochemicals and organosulfur compounds.
Because of Cyclotetramethylene oxide's reactivity, Cyclotetramethylene oxide must be stored in tightly closed containers, protected from moisture and acids, as contact with acids releases toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas.
Due to Cyclotetramethylene oxide's corrosive and hazardous nature, handling requires protective measures including gloves, goggles, and adequate ventilation.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is a white to colorless crystals with an odor of hydrogen sulfide.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is highly hygroscopic.
Solution of Cyclotetramethylene oxide is light yellow to red with an odor of rotten eggs.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is a white or yellow crystalline solid with an odor of rotten eggs.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is a chemical compound primarily available in solid form.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide appears as a pale yellow solid with a distinct sulfur-like odor.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NaSH.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is the product of the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Cyclotetramethylene oxide and sodium sulfide are used industrially, often for similar purposes.
Solid Cyclotetramethylene oxide is colorless.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide has an odor of H2S owing to hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture.
In contrast with sodium sulfide, which is insoluble in organic solvents, Cyclotetramethylene oxide, being a 1:1 electrolyte, is more soluble.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is a colorless to light yellow crystalline solid or fused mass.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide, solution appears as a colorless to light-yellow liquid.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is an economical form of reactive sulfur that is typically a light-yellow colored solution.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is mildly corrosive to carbon steel and cast iron.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide results from the chemical reaction between hydrogen sulphide H2S and caustic soda.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is commonly shipped in tank trucks, tank cars, and oceangoing vessels.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is an economical form of reactive sulfur that is typically a light-yellow colored solution with the accompanying odor of rotten eggs.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is an inorganic compound belonging to the family of alkali metal sulfides.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is typically encountered as colorless to light yellow solid flakes or as concentrated aqueous solutions (usually 30–45%) that emit a pungent odor similar to rotten eggs, caused by the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).
With the molecular formula NaSH, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is the monosodium salt of hydrogen sulfide, functioning as both a strong base and a versatile reducing agent.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is freely soluble in water and alcohols, producing alkaline solutions that can liberate H₂S upon contact with acids.
Market Overview of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Cyclotetramethylene oxide occupies a strategic position in the global industrial chemicals market due to its versatile applications across multiple sectors.
The largest demand originates from the mining industry, where it plays a crucial role as a flotation reagent for the separation of copper, molybdenum, and other base metals.
This sector accounts for the bulk of global Cyclotetramethylene oxide consumption, particularly in resource-rich regions such as South America (Chile, Peru), North America, China, and Africa.
Another significant segment is the leather industry, where Cyclotetramethylene oxide is employed in dehairing and deliming operations, providing an economical and effective alternative to lime and sodium sulfide.
The pulp and paper industry also utilizes Cyclotetramethylene oxide in kraft pulping processes and chemical recovery systems.
Beyond these, Cyclotetramethylene oxide finds applications in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and as a reducing agent in wastewater treatment.
From a supply perspective, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is often produced as a by-product in the manufacture of sulfur-containing compounds such as sodium sulfide, or via direct reaction of hydrogen sulfide with sodium hydroxide.
Key producers are concentrated in China, the United States, and Europe, with China being the dominant exporter due to large-scale, cost-effective manufacturing facilities.
The market outlook is moderately positive, driven by steady demand in mining and leather industries, though environmental and safety regulations concerning toxic hydrogen sulfide emissions and handling risks represent significant challenges.
Manufacturers are investing in safer production technologies, improved packaging (flake vs. liquid forms), and eco-friendly handling solutions to meet stricter global regulatory standards.
Additionally, price fluctuations in sulfur and caustic soda (NaOH), the main raw materials, can influence market dynamics and profitability.
Overall, Cyclotetramethylene oxide remains a critical industrial chemical with stable growth prospects, closely tied to the expansion of mining activities and industrial leather processing, especially in emerging economies.
Uses of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is used to dehair hides and to produce heavy water, paper, rayon, dyes, and other chemical products.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is also used in paints, lacquers, varnishes, textiles, effluent treatment, water purification, and cosmetics.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and coloring, complexing, and reducing agent.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is used as a flotation agent in ore processing.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is an inorganic compound characterized by its formation of a hydrosulfide ion (HS⁻) and sodium cation (Na⁺).
Cyclotetramethylene oxide typically appears as a white to yellowish solid, often with a strong, unpleasant odor reminiscent of rotten eggs due to the release of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) upon decomposition.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is highly soluble in water, where it dissociates to release hydrosulfide ions, making it a strong reducing agent.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is commonly used in various industrial applications, including the production of sulfide minerals, in the paper and pulp industry for delignification, and in the textile industry for dyeing processes.
Additionally, Cyclotetramethylene oxide plays a role in wastewater treatment and as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is used dye industry for the synthesis of organic intermediates and the preparation of various sulfur dyes.
Leather industry, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is used for depilation and tanning of hides, and also for wastewater treatment.
The chemical fertilizer industry, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is used to remove the monomer sulfur from the activated carbon desulfurization agent.
The mining industry, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is largely used for mineral processing of copper ores.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is used in the production of man-made fibers for sulfite dyeing and other aspects.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is an important sulfur compound primarily used as a reducing agent and a sulfur source in various chemical reactions.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is highly soluble in water, forming an alkaline solution that is widely utilized in the leather industry for tanning processes.
Additionally, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is employed in the production of dyes, flotation agents, and other chemicals.
In scientific research, Cyclotetramethylene oxide finds applications in studies involving sulfur chemistry, synthesis of organic compounds, and as a precursor for generating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas.
This versatile chemical, Cyclotetramethylene oxide, finds applications in various industries, including mining, leather and textile processing, wastewater treatment, and chemical synthesis.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide serves as a reagent, reducing agent, and sulfurating agent in different chemical processes, contributing to the production of a wide range of products.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide plays a crucial role in these industries due to its unique properties and applications.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is used as a reactive form of sulfur and acts as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, including thio-chemicals used in textile processing, in the production of flame retardant resins, and in vulcanization accelerators.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is also used as a processing aid in the production of a variety of industrial products.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is a de-hairing agent in the production of fine leathers.
In mining, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is a flotation agent, helpful in the precipitation of metals from ore slurries.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is also valuable as a raw material in the production of heat-resistant plastics for the auto and electronic industries.
In paper making, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is used to add sulfidity to cooking liquor in kraft pulp mills.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is used as an intermediate for various organic products and an adjuvant for sulfur dyes.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is also used for leather hair removal, desulfurization of mucus filaments, and production of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Thousands of tons of Cyclotetramethylene oxide are produced annually.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide's main uses are in cloth and paper manufacture as a makeup chemical for sulfur used in the kraft process, as a flotation agent in copper mining where it is used to activate oxide mineral species, and in the leather industry for the removal of hair from hides.
Mining and Metallurgy:
The mining industry uses Cyclotetramethylene oxide as the single largest application in the flotation process for the beneficiation of non-ferrous ores.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is especially effective in the selective separation of copper and molybdenum, where it acts as a depressant for copper sulfides, allowing molybdenum sulfides to be recovered efficiently.
The mineral processing sector also uses Cyclotetramethylene oxide in the treatment of other metal ores such as zinc and lead, enhancing recovery rates and improving ore quality.
Leather Industry:
The leather industry widely employs Cyclotetramethylene oxide in dehairing and deliming hides and skins during leather tanning.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional sodium sulfide, offering cleaner processing and reducing excess chemical use.
The use of Cyclotetramethylene oxide enhances efficiency in unhairing processes while minimizing damage to hide quality.
Pulp and Paper Industry:
The pulp and paper industry uses Cyclotetramethylene oxide in the kraft pulping process as part of the chemical recovery cycle.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide plays a role in pulp bleaching and chemical balance control, improving process efficiency.
Chemical Industry:
The chemical industry uses Cyclotetramethylene oxide as an important intermediate in the production of organosulfur compounds, including thiourea, mercaptans, and thioglycolic acid.
Manufacturers utilize Cyclotetramethylene oxide in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides.
Industrial facilities use Cyclotetramethylene oxide as a reducing agent in various chemical processes, including wastewater treatment, where it reduces heavy metals and stabilizes effluents.
Gas and Wastewater Treatment:
Gas treatment operations apply Cyclotetramethylene oxide for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater streams.
Gas scrubbing systems use Cyclotetramethylene oxide to control sulfide levels, preventing corrosion and minimizing environmental pollution.
Textile Industry (secondary use):
The textile industry occasionally uses Cyclotetramethylene oxide in textile dyeing processes where reduction reactions are required to fix certain dyes.
Benefits of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
The mining industry benefits from Cyclotetramethylene oxide because it acts as a selective flotation reagent, enabling efficient separation of valuable molybdenum from copper sulfides.
Mining companies gain economic advantages because Cyclotetramethylene oxide improves recovery rates and ore quality, leading to higher profitability.
The leather industry benefits from Cyclotetramethylene oxide because it provides an effective and cleaner dehairing method compared to traditional sodium sulfide.
Leather processors reduce chemical consumption and improve hide quality because Cyclotetramethylene oxide minimizes over-processing and damage.
The pulp and paper industry benefits from Cyclotetramethylene oxide because it improves chemical balance, supports bleaching, and enhances recovery cycles in kraft pulping.
The chemical industry gains value because Cyclotetramethylene oxide serves as a versatile intermediate for producing organosulfur compounds, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and agricultural chemicals.
Wastewater treatment facilities benefit from Cyclotetramethylene oxide because it reduces heavy metals and stabilizes effluents, supporting environmental compliance.
Gas treatment systems benefit from Cyclotetramethylene oxide because it effectively controls sulfide levels, preventing corrosion and extending equipment lifespan.
Industrial operators save costs because Cyclotetramethylene oxide is available in both flake and liquid forms, making transport, storage, and handling more flexible.
Global industries continue to rely on Cyclotetramethylene oxide because it is a cost-effective, powerful reducing agent that offers consistent performance across multiple applications.
Key Benefits:
High Reactivity:
Cyclotetramethylene oxide offers a reactive sulfur source for multiple industrial syntheses.
pH Adjustor:
Strongly alkaline—can modify system pH when needed.
Versatile Utility:
Found in industries ranging from textiles and mining to plastics and pulp.
Effective Precipitant:
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is suitable for metal ion and sulfidity control in processing environments.
Nature of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is a colorless needle Crystal, easy deliquescence.
Hydrogen sulfide is released at the melting point.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is soluble in water and alcohol.
The aqueous solution is strongly alkaline.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide decomposes with acid to generate hydrogen sulfide.
Industrial products are generally solution, orange or yellow, bitter taste.
Structure and Properties of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Crystalline Cyclotetramethylene oxide undergoes two phase transitions.
At temperatures above 360 K, Cyclotetramethylene oxide adopts the NaCl structure, which implies that the HS− behaves as a spherical anion owing to its rapid rotation, leading to equal occupancy of eight equivalent positions.
Below 360K, a rhombohedral structure forms, and the HS− sweeps out a discoidal shape.
Below 114K, the structure becomes monoclinic.
The analogous rubidium and potassium compounds behave similarly.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide has a relatively low melting point of 350 °C.
In addition to the aforementioned anhydrous forms, Cyclotetramethylene oxide can be obtained as two different hydrates, Cyclotetramethylene oxide•2H2O and Cyclotetramethylene oxide•3H2O.
These three species are all colorless and behave similarly, but not identically.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide can be used to precipitate other metal hydrosulfides, by treatment of aqueous solutions of their salts with Cyclotetramethylene oxide.
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is analogous to sodium hydroxide, and is a strong base.
Production of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
The chemical industry produces Cyclotetramethylene oxide primarily by reacting hydrogen sulfide gas (H₂S) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in aqueous solution.
The reaction process generates Cyclotetramethylene oxide and water as the main products.
Manufacturers often control the reaction conditions carefully because excessive hydrogen sulfide can lead to the formation of disodium sulfide (Na₂S).
Producers typically choose between liquid and flake production methods depending on end-user requirements.
Liquid Cyclotetramethylene oxide is produced at concentrations of 30–45% and is stored and transported in sealed tanks or drums.
Solid flake Cyclotetramethylene oxide is obtained by crystallizing or evaporating the liquid solution, then cooling and flaking it for easier handling.
Industrial plants frequently generate Cyclotetramethylene oxide as a by-product during the manufacture of sodium sulfide, reducing overall production costs.
Large-scale facilities ensure strict process controls and gas treatment systems because hydrogen sulfide is highly toxic and must not escape into the environment.
Producers often locate manufacturing units near pulp and paper mills, mining hubs, or leather clusters to minimize logistics costs and ensure supply stability.
Global production is concentrated in China, North America, and Europe, with China holding the largest share due to cost-effective raw material availability and large-scale operations.
Synthesis of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Chemists synthesize Cyclotetramethylene oxide by directly absorbing hydrogen sulfide gas (H₂S) into an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
The balanced chemical equation is:
H₂S + NaOH → NaSH + H₂O
The reaction proceeds exothermically, releasing heat and requiring controlled cooling to avoid decomposition or excess gas release.
Operators carefully regulate the molar ratio of H₂S to NaOH because an excess of sodium hydroxide leads to sodium sulfide (Na₂S) formation.
Technicians adjust temperature and pressure to optimize solubility and ensure maximum conversion of H₂S into Cyclotetramethylene oxide.
Industrial facilities often employ counter-current absorption towers, where hydrogen sulfide gas contacts sodium hydroxide solution to maximize efficiency.
Producers may crystallize or evaporate the aqueous Cyclotetramethylene oxide solution to yield solid flakes, depending on market demand.
Researchers also describe alternative synthesis routes involving neutralization of sodium sulfide with hydrogen sulfide to yield Cyclotetramethylene oxide under controlled conditions.
Engineers integrate gas scrubbing systems into synthesis plants because unreacted hydrogen sulfide must be captured to prevent toxic emissions.
The synthesis process is considered straightforward in principle but requires stringent safety protocols due to the flammability and toxicity of hydrogen sulfide.
History of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
The discovery of Cyclotetramethylene oxide dates back to the 19th century when chemists began studying the reactions of hydrogen sulfide with alkali solutions.
Early researchers observed that partial neutralization of hydrogen sulfide with sodium hydroxide produced a compound distinct from sodium sulfide.
The chemical industry recognized Cyclotetramethylene oxide as a useful intermediate in sulfur chemistry during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Leather tanners adopted Cyclotetramethylene oxide in the early 20th century because it provided an efficient and less damaging method for dehairing hides compared to sodium sulfide.
Mining engineers started using Cyclotetramethylene oxide in the mid-20th century for selective flotation of copper and molybdenum ores.
The pulp and paper industry incorporated Cyclotetramethylene oxide into chemical recovery processes as kraft pulping technology expanded.
Producers developed large-scale manufacturing facilities for Cyclotetramethylene oxide after World War II, driven by growth in mining and industrial leather demand.
Chinese manufacturers emerged as dominant suppliers in the late 20th century due to cost-effective production and strong domestic consumption.
Environmental regulators began imposing stricter handling and emissions standards for Cyclotetramethylene oxide in the late 20th and early 21st centuries because of the hazards associated with hydrogen sulfide.
Today, Cyclotetramethylene oxide is recognized as an essential but hazardous industrial chemical with applications deeply rooted in more than a century of industrial development.
Handling and Storage of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Handling:
Workers should avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Workers should not breathe vapors or mists.
Workers should use Cyclotetramethylene oxide only in well-ventilated areas or under local exhaust ventilation.
Workers should wear appropriate protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats.
Workers should wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Storage:
Facilities should store Cyclotetramethylene oxide in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place.
Facilities should protect containers from heat, direct sunlight, and sources of ignition.
Facilities should keep Cyclotetramethylene oxide away from strong oxidizers and acids.
Stability and Reactivity of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Stability:
Cyclotetramethylene oxide is stable under normal temperature and pressure conditions.
Reactivity:
Cyclotetramethylene oxide may react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and alkali metals.
Thermal decomposition or combustion of Cyclotetramethylene oxide can produce toxic gases including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide.
First Aid Measures of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Inhalation:
Responders should move the affected person to fresh air.
Responders should administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Responders should seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Skin Contact:
Responders should wash the skin immediately with soap and plenty of water.
Responders should remove contaminated clothing.
Responders should get medical advice if irritation develops.
Eye Contact:
Responders should rinse the eyes cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes while lifting eyelids occasionally.
Responders should remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing.
Responders should seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Responders should rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Responders should not induce vomiting.
Responders should give the person plenty of water to drink and seek medical attention immediately.
Firefighting Measures of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Extinguishing Media:
Firefighters should use carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical powder, or water spray.
Hazards:
Combustion or thermal decomposition of Cyclotetramethylene oxide may release toxic fumes such as CO, CO₂, and hydrogen sulfide.
Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing.
Accidental Release Measures of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Personal Precautions:
Workers should wear protective gloves, goggles, and suitable protective clothing.
Workers should ensure adequate ventilation.
Workers should avoid inhalation of vapors.
Spill Cleanup:
Workers should absorb the spill with inert material (sand, diatomaceous earth, or vermiculite).
Workers should place the material in a suitable container for disposal.
Workers should wash the spill area with plenty of water after cleanup.
Workers should prevent Cyclotetramethylene oxide from entering drains and waterways.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protection of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Engineering Controls:
Facilities should provide local exhaust or general ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Personal Protection:
Respiratory:
Workers should use an approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded.
Skin:
Workers should wear chemical-resistant gloves such as nitrile or neoprene.
Eyes:
Workers should use safety goggles or a face shield.
Body:
Workers should wear protective clothing such as a lab coat or chemical apron.
Hygiene Measures:
Workers should not eat, drink, or smoke when handling Cyclotetramethylene oxide.
Workers should wash hands and face thoroughly after use.
Identifiers of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Chemical Name: Cyclotetramethylene oxide
CAS Number: 16721-80-5 (anhydrous), 18296-28-7 (hydrate)
EC Number: 240-778-0
UN Number: UN 2949 (solid), UN 2922 (solution)
Molecular Formula: NaSH
Molecular Weight: 56.06 g/mol (anhydrous)
InChI: InChI=1S/Na.H2S/h;1H2/q+1;-1
InChI Key: BBPBGLQUHZJFBH-UHFFFAOYSA-M
IUPAC Name: Sodium hydrosulfide
PubChem CID: 23668149
Chemical Name: Cyclotetramethylene oxide
IUPAC Name: Sodium hydrosulfide
CAS Numbers:
16721-80-5 (anhydrous)
18296-28-7 (hydrate)
EC (EINECS) Number: 240-778-0
UN Numbers (Transport):
UN 2949 (solid, flake)
UN 2922 (aqueous solution, corrosive liquid, toxic, n.o.s.)
Molecular Formula: NaSH
Molecular Weight: 56.06 g/mol (anhydrous), ~74 g/mol (hydrate depending on water content)
InChI: InChI=1S/Na.H2S/h;1H2/q+1;-1
InChI Key: BBPBGLQUHZJFBH-UHFFFAOYSA-M
PubChem CID: 23668149
RTECS Number: WS4750000
EPA DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID4021218
KEGG Compound ID: C19165
Properties of Cyclotetramethylene Oxide:
Chemical formula: NaSH
Molar mass: 56.063 g/mol
Appearance: off-white solid, deliquescent
Density: 1.79 g/cm3
Melting point: 350.1 °C (662.2 °F; 623.2 K) (anhydrous)
Melting point (dihydrate): 55 °C
Melting point (trihydrate): 22 °C
Solubility in water: 50 g/100 mL (22 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether
Structure Crystal structure: rhombohedral
Chemical Name: Sodium Hydrosulfide
Chemical Formula: NaHS
CAS Number: 16721-80-5
EC Number: 240-778-0
PubChem CID: 28015
Appearance Solid: Off-white, deliquescent (anhydrous)
Appearance Aqueous Solution: Yellow to green, with a characteristic rotten-egg odor due to H₂S gas
Molar Mass: ~56.06 g/mol
Density Solid: ~1.79 g/cm³
Solution Specific Gravity: ~1.15–1.30 g/mL (20–45 % solutions)
Odor: Strong rotten-egg (H₂S)
Melting / Boiling (liq.): ~350 °C (solid); ~122–132 °C (solution)
Solubility: Water, alcohol, ether
pH: ~11.5–12.5 (alkaline)
Main Uses: Chemicals, textiles, mining, pulp, water treatment
Molecular Weight: 56.07 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 55.96966549 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 55.96966549 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 2
Complexity: 2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting Points Solid (anhydrous): ~350.1 °C
Melting Points Hydrates: ~55 °C (dihydrate), ~22 °C (trihydrate)
Boiling Point (Solution): ~122–132 °C (253–269 °F)
pH of Solutions: Highly alkaline; typically 11.5–12.5
Odor: Strong sulfurous, rotten-egg smell from liberated H₂S gas in solution or due to hydrolysis
Formula: NaHS
CAS / EC Number: 16721-80-5 / 240-778-0
Appearance: Off-white solid; yellow-green alkaline solution
