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D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is extensively used in the food and beverage industry, particularly in energy drinks, functional beverages, nutritional supplements, and fortified foods.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone serves as a functional ingredient that complements vitamins, amino acids, caffeine, and other bioactive compounds in formulations designed to support physical and mental performance.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, nutrition and healthcare products, and animal husbandry.
CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC Number: 251-053-3
MDL number: MFCD00135622
Chemical formula: C6H8O6
Molecular Weight: 176.12 g/mol
SYNONYMS:
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone, D-Glucuronolactone, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, D-Glucuronic Acid Lactone, Glucuronolactone, (+)-Glucuronolactone, D-Glucuronic Lactone, Glucuronic Acid γ-Lactone, D-Glucuronic Acid γ-Lactone, Glucuronic acid-3,6-lactone, EINECS 251-053-3, BRN 0083595, NSC-656, D-Glucuronic acid, g-lactone, UNII-XE4Y3016M9, D-Glucuronic acid, gamma-lactone, D-Glucuronicacid,g-lactone, SCHEMBL28793, 5-18-05-00033 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GLUCUROLACTONE [MART.], GLUCURONOLACTONE [INCI], D-GLUCURONOLACTONE [MI], GLUCUROLACTONE [WHO-DD], CHEBI:18268, D-glucofuranuronate gamma-lactone, AMY8977, BCP09805, AKOS006341990, KS-1361, gamma-Lactone of D-glucofuranuronic acid, HY-41982, CS-0019952, NS00013683, C02670, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, >=99%, D01800, D70547, .GAMMA-LACTONE OF D-GLUCOFURANURONIC ACID, Q28529701, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, analytical standard, 00CE759F-D1F9-492E-89F7-B7400A34C72D, D-Glucurone, D-Glucuronic acid, D-Glucuronic acid lactone, D-glucurono-3,6-Lactone, D-Glucuronolactone, Dicurone, glucofuranurono-6,3-Lactone, Glucoxy, Glucurolactone, Glucuron, Glucurone, Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucuronolactone, Glucuronosan, Gluronsan, Glycurone, Guronsan, Reulatt s.s., D-Glucurone, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, D-Glucuronic acid-gamma-lactone, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-acetaldehyde, Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucurone, Glucurolactone (INN), D-glucurono-gamma-lactone, glucurono-γ-lactone, D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, 32449-92-6, GLUCUROLACTONE, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, Glucurono-6,3-lactone, d(+)-glucurono-3,6-lactone, Glucuronosan, Guronsan, Glucurolactone [INN], D-Glucofuranuronic acid, gamma-lactone, Glucuronolactone [JAN], NSC 656, Glucuron, Gluronsan, Glucuronic acid lactone, XE4Y3016M9, Reulatt S.S., MFCD00135622, (R)-2-((2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, Glucuronolactone (JAN), (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, Glucurolactonum, Glucurolactona, Glucuronolattone, Glucuronolattone [DCIT], gamma-Glukurolakton, 32449-92-6, D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, glucuronolactone, GLUCUROLACTONE, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, Glucurone, D-Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucurono-6,3-lactone, d(+)-glucurono-3,6-lactone, Glucuronosan, Guronsan, Glucurolactone [INN], D-Glucofuranuronic acid, gamma-lactone, Glucuronolactone [JAN], NSC 656, Dicurone, Glucuron, Gluronsan, Glucuronic acid lactone, MFCD00135622, XE4Y3016M9, Reulatt S.S., (R)-2-((2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, Glucurolactone (INN), Glucuronolactone (JAN), (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, 6814-06-8, Glucurolactonum, Glucurolactona, Glucuronolattone, Glucuronolattone [DCIT], gamma-Glukurolakton, gamma-Glukurolakton [Czech], Glucurolactonum [INN-Latin], Glucurolactona [INN-Spanish], Glucuronic acid-3,6-lactone, EINECS 251-053-3, BRN 0083595, NSC-656, D-Glucuronic acid, g-lactone, UNII-XE4Y3016M9, D-Glucuronic acid, gamma-lactone, D-Glucuronicacid,g-lactone, SCHEMBL28793, 5-18-05-00033 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GLUCUROLACTONE [MART.], D-GLUCURONOLACTONE [MI], GLUCUROLACTONE [WHO-DD], CHEBI:18268, D-glucofuranuronate gamma-lactone, AMY8977, BCP09805, AKOS006341990, KS-1361, gamma-Lactone of D-glucofuranuronic acid, HY-41982, CS-0019952, NS00013683, C02670, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, >=99%, D01800, D70547, SBI-0654630.0001, .GAMMA-LACTONE OF D-GLUCOFURANURONIC ACID, Q28529701, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, analytical standard, 00CE759F-D1F9-492E-89F7-B7400A34C72D, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid γ-lactone; D-(+)-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, D-Glucurone, D-Glucuronolactone, D-Glucuronic acid, γ-lactone, Glucuronic acid, γ-lactone, D- (6CI,8CI), D-Glucofuranurono-6,3-lactone, D-Glucuronic acid lactone, D-Glucuronic acid γ-lactone, D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, D-Glucurono-γ-lactone, D-Glucuronolactone, Dicurone, Glucoxy, Glucurolactone, Glucurone, Glucuronic acid γ-lactone, Glucurono-6,3-lactone, Glucuronolactone, Glucuronosan, Glycurone, Guronsan, NSC 656, Reulatt S.S,
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a glucuronic acid derivative that is converted to L-ascorbic acid in animals and humans.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring carbohydrate derivative and the lactone form of D-glucuronic acid.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is produced in small amounts in the human body during normal glucose metabolism and serves as an important intermediate in the glucuronidation pathway, a major biochemical process responsible for the detoxification and elimination of endogenous substances and xenobiotics.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a white crystalline powder with high water solubility and excellent stability under normal storage conditions.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a chemical.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone can be made by the body.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is also found in foods and made in laboratories.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is known for its role in detoxification processes and its potential to enhance the performance of medicinal formulations.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone in combination with caffeine, beta-alanine, creatine, citrulline and taurine has a possible positive effect in improving aerobic and anaerobic performance.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone may also help to increase strength and help improve mental performance (reaction time, concentration and memory).
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring compound known for its powerful role in supporting both cognitive function and physical performance.
This white, odorless powder, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone, is highly versatile and can be seamlessly incorporated into beverages, supplements, personal care, and even animal feed.
As a metabolic intermediate, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone contributes to detoxification, connective tissue integrity, and endurance enhancement — making it a go-to functional ingredient in energy drinks, sports nutrition, and joint health formulations
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a glucuronolactone.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is functionally related to a D-glucuronic acid.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a small molecule drug.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 176.03 Da.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone has been reported in Homo sapiens with data available.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a glucuronic acid derivative that is converted to L-ascorbic acid in animals and humans.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is studied for its effectiveness against canine hepatitis.
Research institutions and laboratories have been delving into the various applications and benefits of D-(+)-Glucuronolactone.
Studies investigate its role in enhancing physical performance, boosting cognitive function, and D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's detoxification properties.
Initial research has shown promising results regarding D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's energy-boosting capabilities, while other studies are examining its potential in liver detoxification and its neuroprotective effects.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a crystallized powder derived from D-glucuronic acid.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a white crystallized powder that is slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a substance that is produced when glucose is converted in the liver.
Most typically found in sports performance-enhancing or pre-workout products such as energy drinks.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is most likely liver protective and promotes energy and endurance, especially in combination with caffeine.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a glucuronic acid derivative studied for its effectiveness against canine hepatitis.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is soluble in Water.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone (D-Glucurono-γ-lactone; Glucuronolactone; Dicurone; Glucoxy; Glucurolactone; Glucurone) is an endogenous metabolite and a glucuronic acid derivative
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a glucuronic acid derivative studied for its effectiveness against canine hepatitis
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a precursor molecule in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in most living organisms, including plants and animals.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone serves as an intermediate in the glucuronate pathway, where it undergoes enzymatic conversion to ascorbic acid.
In research, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is used to investigate the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in vitamin C synthesis.
Studies have focused on elucidating the enzymes responsible for catalyzing the conversion of D-(+)-Glucuronolactone to ascorbic acid, such as gulonolactone oxidase (GULO) in mammals and L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) in plants.
By understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying vitamin C biosynthesis, researchers aim to enhance the nutritional quality of crops, develop strategies to increase vitamin C content in foods, and investigate the physiological roles of vitamin C in health and disease.
Moreover, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is employed as a substrate in enzymatic assays to study the kinetics and substrate specificity of enzymes involved in vitamin C biosynthesis.
Additionally, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone serves as a valuable tool in metabolic engineering approaches aimed at enhancing vitamin C production in microbial hosts for industrial applications, such as the production of vitamin C supplements and fortification of food products.
Overall, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of vitamin C metabolism and its implications for human health and nutrition.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a product obtained by the oxidation of glucose.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a derivative of inositol and a naturally occurring compound that is produced in small amounts in the human body.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone has the advantages of high purity and stable quality.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring metabolite found in the human body, particularly within connective tissues.
Chemically related to glucose, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone has gained widespread recognition as a key ingredient in energy drinks and is now attracting renewed interest from sports nutrition formulators focused on recovery and detoxification.
While D-(+)-Glucuronolactone has been a staple in energy beverages for years, emerging research into its role as a precursor to glucuronic acid is opening new applications in liver health support, athletic recovery, and cognitive performance enhancement.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a normal product of glucose breakdown in the liver.
All connective tissues contain D-(+)-Glucuronolactone, as well as many plant gums.
The amounts found in food and those produced in the body, though, are negligible compared to the dosage in energy drinks and supplements.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is an ingredient in certain energy and sports drinks, such as Red Bull.
As a supplement, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone’s available in the powder/capsule form.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is advertised as a supplement to enhance athletic performance, detoxify the liver, and reduce mental fatigue.
However, clinical research about the specific effects of D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is scant.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone (D-glucurono-γ-lactone) is a naturally occurring white, crystalline compound often found in energy drinks and performance supplements.
Despite being lesser-known than ingredients like caffeine or taurine, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone has attracted interest for its potential to enhance physical endurance and mental sharpness.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is also recognised for its possible role in aiding detoxification processes within the body.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is an important structural constituent of practically all fibrous and connective tissues in the animal organism.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is found in many plant gums in polymeric combination with other carbohydrates.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is applied in sports beverages and drink mixes.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone or Glucurolactone (INN) is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is sometimes used in energy drinks.
Unfounded claims that D-(+)-Glucuronolactone can be used to reduce "brain fog" are based on research conducted on energy drinks that contain other active ingredients that have been shown to improve cognitive function, such as caffeine.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.
USES and APPLICATIONS of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is widely used in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and dietary supplement industries, particularly in energy drinks and functional foods.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is valued for its role in supporting metabolic processes, its high purity, good compatibility with other ingredients, and its favorable safety profile when used within established regulatory limits.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is extensively used in the food and beverage industry, particularly in energy drinks, functional beverages, nutritional supplements, and fortified foods.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone serves as a functional ingredient that complements vitamins, amino acids, caffeine, and other bioactive compounds in formulations designed to support physical and mental performance.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, nutrition and healthcare products, and animal husbandry.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone helps enhance liver detoxification, improve physical condition, enhance physical fitness, and promote cell growth and metabolism.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone plays a vital role in reducing fatigue and supporting overall health.
In the nutraceutical industry, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is incorporated into dietary supplements intended to support normal metabolic processes and overall physiological function.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is frequently combined with B vitamins, taurine, electrolytes, botanical extracts, and antioxidants in products developed for active lifestyles.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a glucuronic acid derivative studied for its effectiveness against canine hepatitis.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is utilized in the studies such as starting regent in the synthesis of 2,3,4,-tris(tert.-butyldimethysilyl) glucuronic acid trichloroethylester, required for the preparation of 1-O-acyl glucuronide of the anti-inflammatory drug ML-3000, synthesis of optically active glucopyranoses, synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucofuranosides.
The pharmaceutical industry utilizes D-(+)-Glucuronolactone as an intermediate in biochemical research and pharmaceutical development.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is also employed in laboratory studies involving glucuronidation pathways, carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification mechanisms, and liver function.
Applications of D-(+)-Glucuronolactone: Sports Nutrition, Diet Supplements, Pharmaceutical Field, Medical Usage.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's primary indication is its use in energy drinks where it serves as a key ingredient aimed at reducing fatigue and improving concentration and reaction times.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is also being explored for its potential therapeutic benefits in liver health and cognitive enhancement.
In biotechnology and analytical laboratories, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is used as a reference compound and research reagent for studying metabolic pathways involving glucuronic acid conjugation.
Researchers use D-(+)-Glucuronolactone to investigate enzyme activity, carbohydrate metabolism, and biochemical detoxification processes.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is also incorporated into specialty nutritional formulations designed for sports nutrition, recovery beverages, wellness products, and functional foods where highly water-soluble, stable carbohydrate derivatives are required.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is an ingredient used in some energy drinks, often in unnaturally high doses.
Research into D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is too limited to assert claims about its safety.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is unlikely that glucurono-γ-lactone would have any interaction with caffeine, taurine, alcohol or the effects of exercise.
The Panel also concluded, based on the data available, that additive interactions between taurine and caffeine on diuretic effects are unlikely.
According to The Merck Index, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is utilized in the studies such as starting regent in the synthesis of 2,3,4,-tris(tert.-butyldimethysilyl) glucuronic acid trichloroethylester, required for the preparation of 1-O-acyl glucuronide of the anti-inflammatory drug ML-3000, synthesis of optically active glucopyranoses, synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucofuranosides.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use it as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is approved in China and Japan as an over-the-counter "hepatoprotectant", though there is a conspicuous lack of systematic reviews on this use.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring carbohydrate derivative and the lactone form of D-glucuronic acid.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is produced in small amounts in the human body during normal glucose metabolism and serves as an important intermediate in the glucuronidation pathway, a major biochemical process responsible for the detoxification and elimination of endogenous substances and xenobiotics.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a white crystalline powder with high water solubility and excellent stability under normal storage conditions.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is widely used in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and dietary supplement industries, particularly in energy drinks and functional foods.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is valued for its role in supporting metabolic processes, its high purity, good compatibility with other ingredients, and its favorable safety profile when used within established regulatory limits.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is commonly used as an ingredient in "energy" drinks to increase attention and improve athletic performance, but there is no good scientific evidence to support its use.
There isn't enough information to know how glucuronolactone might work as a medicine.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is used as an excipient and complementary material in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements.
-Energy Drink and Functional Beverage Applications of D-(+)-Glucuronolactone:
The most established commercial use of D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is in energy drinks, where it serves as an ingredient aimed at reducing fatigue, improving concentration, and enhancing reaction times.
Major energy drink brands include D-(+)-Glucuronolactone alongside caffeine, B vitamins, and taurine in their formulations.
-Sports Nutrition and Liver Detoxification uses of D-(+)-Glucuronolactone:
High-protein diets, pre-workout stacks, and supplement-heavy regimens can place significant stress on the liver, the body’s primary detox organ.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone offers a differentiated angle for sports nutrition brands by supporting hepatic detoxification pathways that help clear metabolic waste after intense exercise.
When combined with caffeine, beta-alanine, creatine, citrulline, and taurine, glucuronolactone has shown possible positive effects on both aerobic and anaerobic performance.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone may also help increase strength output during resistance training.
-Cognitive Performance and Mental Focus uses of D-(+)-Glucuronolactone:
Research from Glanbia Nutritionals indicates that glucuronolactone may improve mental performance metrics including reaction time, concentration, and memory.
Its influence on neurotransmitter synthesis and regulation is an active area of investigation.
These cognitive benefits make D-(+)-Glucuronolactone attractive for nootropic formulations and study-aid beverages targeting consumers who want sustained mental clarity without relying solely on stimulants.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C.
The compound can exist in a monocyclic aldehyde form or in a bicyclic hemiacetal (lactol) form.
CHARACTERISTICS of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring carbohydrate lactone derived from D-glucuronic acid and is characterized by its high purity, excellent aqueous solubility, and favorable stability.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a hydrophilic molecule that readily dissolves in water but exhibits limited solubility in non-polar organic solvents.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone possesses a stable cyclic lactone structure that can gradually hydrolyze to glucuronic acid in aqueous environments.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's low chemical reactivity and resistance to oxidation under recommended storage conditions contribute to its long shelf life and broad formulation compatibility.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is odorless, nearly colorless in solution, and exhibits excellent processing characteristics.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone performs well under typical food and pharmaceutical manufacturing conditions and remains compatible with numerous active ingredients without significantly affecting formulation stability.
Because it naturally participates in metabolic pathways, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone has become an important ingredient in functional nutrition and biochemical research.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's role as a precursor in glucuronidation makes it particularly valuable for scientific studies related to metabolism, detoxification, and liver biochemistry.
BENEFITS of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is valued for its naturally occurring role in human metabolism and its involvement in glucuronidation, one of the body's principal biochemical detoxification pathways.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone serves as a metabolic intermediate that contributes to the formation of glucuronic acid conjugates, facilitating the elimination of various endogenous compounds and xenobiotics.
Its excellent water solubility allows rapid dissolution in aqueous formulations, making D-(+)-Glucuronolactone highly suitable for beverages and liquid dietary supplements.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone demonstrates good chemical stability during manufacturing and storage, ensuring consistent product quality.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone exhibits excellent compatibility with numerous functional ingredients, including caffeine, taurine, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbal extracts, and sweeteners.
This compatibility enables formulators to produce stable, homogeneous products with desirable sensory characteristics.
Because of its neutral flavor profile and high purity, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone has minimal impact on taste, appearance, or texture while providing formulation flexibility.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's low volatility and non-reactive nature simplify processing, blending, and packaging operations.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is recognized internationally for use in food and beverage applications within established regulatory limits and has been extensively evaluated for safety by food safety authorities.
HOW D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE WORKS IN THE BODY
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone functions primarily through the body’s detoxification pathways.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone converts into glucuronic acid, which binds to toxins, metabolic waste, and other harmful substances to facilitate their excretion through urine.
This detoxifying property is believed to reduce fatigue and support overall physical well-being.
Additionally, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is thought to improve glucose bioavailability, providing an immediate energy source for cells.
This mechanism contributes to heightened alertness and improved physical performance, particularly when combined with other active ingredients like caffeine and taurine.
FACTS, BENEFITS AND SIDE EFFECTS of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Quick Summary Points
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is most commonly known as a popular component of energy drinks
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a normal human metabolite formed from glucose but is only present in small amounts in the diet
In the body, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone exists in physiological equilibrium with glucuronic acid
Supplementation with D-(+)-Glucuronolactone boosts glucuronic acid and supports phase II glucuronidation
Supplementation may improve liver function due to D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's role in detoxification pathways
Typical doses found in supplements and energy drinks are generally considered safe
WHAT IS D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE USED FOR?
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is often found in the human body, particularly as a component of connective tissues.
In the commercial and pharmaceutical world, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is widely recognized for its presence in energy drinks and dietary supplements.
Trade names for D-(+)-Glucuronolactone include popular monikers in the functional food and beverage industry, though it is not typically marketed under a plethora of brand names as a standalone product.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is considered a type of carbohydrate and is closely related to glucose chemically.
WHERE DOES D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE COME FROM?
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is naturally present in the human body, where it is formed from glucose metabolism.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is found in connective tissues such as cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, and also occurs in the gum resins of certain plants.
Commercially, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is most visible as an ingredient in energy drinks like Red Bull, where it is included at higher concentrations for its energising effects.
BENEFITS of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Although D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is rarely used on its own, it plays an integral role in many energy formulations.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's inclusion in multi-ingredient supplements has been studied in relation to both physical performance and mental function, with a growing body of research supporting its benefits.
D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE BENEFITS FOR BODYBUILDING & ENDURANCE:
Several studies have examined D-(+)-Glucuronolactone’s performance-enhancing effects.
In early animal studies, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone was shown to reduce the buildup of toxic by-products from intense physical activity.
In particular, energy drinks containing D-(+)-Glucuronolactone, caffeine, and taurine have been shown to improve both aerobic and anaerobic performance.
In resistance training, pre-workout supplements with D-(+)-Glucuronolactone led to increased total repetitions and a greater anabolic response, potentially aiding in muscle growth and strength development.
These findings suggest that D-(+)-Glucuronolactone may be beneficial for athletes and gym-goers seeking enhanced endurance and recovery.
D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE BENEFITS FOR MENTAL PERFORMANCE
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone may also support cognitive function.
In combination with other energy-enhancing compounds, it has been shown to improve reaction time, concentration, and short-term memory.
While its effects on the brain may not be fully understood, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone appears to work synergistically with caffeine and taurine to boost alertness and mental clarity.
NOTES of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Store D-(+)-Glucuronolactone in cool place.
Keep D-(+)-Glucuronolactone container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is incompatible with strong bases, strong acids and strong oxidizing agents.
HOW DOES D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE WORK?
There isn't enough information to know how D-(+)-Glucuronolactone might work as a medicine.
USES & EFFECTIVENESS
Insufficient Evidence for
Liver damage caused by tuberculosis drugs.
Preventing liver damage.
Increasing attention.
Athletic performance.
Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of glucuronolactone for these uses.
D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE MECHANISM OF ACTION:
The exact mechanism by which D-(+)-Glucuronolactone exerts its effects is not entirely understood, but it is thought to be multi-faceted.
One of the primary mechanisms involves D-(+)-Glucuronolactone's role in the body's detoxification processes.
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is a precursor to glucuronic acid, which binds to toxins, metabolic waste, and other harmful substances to facilitate their excretion through urine.
This detoxifying property is believed to contribute to overall enhanced physical well-being and reduced fatigue.
Additionally, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is thought to improve the bioavailability of glucose, thus providing an immediate energy source for the cells.
This can lead to improved physical performance and heightened alertness.
Moreover, D-(+)-Glucuronolactone may support cognitive function through its influence on neurotransmitter synthesis and regulation, thereby enhancing mental clarity and focus.
HOW TO USE D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is typically administered orally, most commonly through energy drinks or dietary supplements.
These commercial products often contain a range of other ingredients, such as caffeine, taurine, and vitamins, which can work synergistically to enhance the overall effects.
The onset time for D-(+)-Glucuronolactone can vary depending on individual metabolism and the presence of other substances.
Generally, users may begin to feel the effects within 30 minutes to an hour after consumption.
The duration of the effects can last for several hours, although this can also vary.
For those considering D-(+)-Glucuronolactone supplementation, it is important to adhere to the recommended dosages provided by the product manufacturers or as advised by a healthcare professional.
Overconsumption can lead to adverse effects, so D-(+)-Glucuronolactone is crucial to follow guidelines carefully.
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Molecular Weight: 176.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 104 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 202
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C6H8O6
Molar mass: 176.124 g·mol−1
Density: 1.76 g/cm3 (30 °C), 1.75 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point: 176 to 178 °C (349 to 352 °F; 449 to 451 K), 172 - 175 °C
Solubility in water: 26.9 g/100 mL
CAS number: 32449-92-6
EC number: 251-053-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₈O₆
HS Code: 2932 20 90
Chemical Formula: C6H8O6
Average Molecular Weight: 176.1241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 176.032087988 g/mol
IUPAC Name: (3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-2-one
Traditional Name: (3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-tetrahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]furan-2-one
CAS Registry Number: 32449-92-6
SMILES: O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2C@@HC(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-3-4(12-5(1)9)2(8)6(10)11-3/h1-5,7-9H/t1-,2-,3-,4-,5-/m1/s1
InChI Key: OGLCQHRZUSEXNB-WHDMSYDLSA-N
CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC Number: 251-053-3
Formula Hill: C₆H₈O₆
Molar Mass: 176.12 g/mol
HS Code: 29322980
Classification: Superior
MDL Number: MFCD00135622
Chemical Formula: C6H8O6
Molecular Weight: 176.13 g/mol
SMILES: C(=O)C@@HO
Melting Point: 177.5 °C
Boiling Point: 403.5 °C
Flash Point: 174.9 °C
Molecular Weight: 176.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 104 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 202
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C6H8O6
Molar mass: 176.124 g·mol−1
Density: 1.76 g/cm³ (30 °C)
Melting point: 176 to 178 °C (349 to 352 °F; 449 to 451 K)
Solubility in water: 26.9 g/100 mL
CAS number: 32449-92-6
EC number: 251-053-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₈O₆
Molar Mass: 176.12 g/mol
HS Code: 2932 20 00
Density: 1.75 g/cm³ (25 °C)
Melting Point: 172 - 175 °C
CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC No: 251-053-3
Formula Hill: C₆H₈O₆
Molar Mass: 176.12
HS code: 29322980
Classification: Superior
Chemical Name: D-(+)-Glucuronolactone
IUPAC Name: (3S,3aR,6R,6aR)-Hexahydro-3,6-dihydroxy-2H-furo[3,2-b]furan-2-one
CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC Number: 251-053-3
Molecular Formula: C₆H₈O₆
Molecular Weight: 176.12 g/mol
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Physical State: Solid
Odor: Odorless or nearly odorless
Taste: Slightly acidic to neutral
Molecular Formula: C₆H₈O₆
Molecular Weight: 176.12 g/mol
Density: Approximately 1.7 g/cm³
Melting Point: Approximately 170–176°C (with decomposition)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Decomposition Temperature: Above melting point
Water Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Solubility in Ethanol: Slightly soluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Practically insoluble in most non-polar organic solvents
pH (aqueous solution): Slightly acidic
Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Volatility: Non-volatile
Flash Point: Not applicable
Autoignition Temperature: Not available
Flammability: Not classified as highly flammable
Oxidizing Properties: None
Explosive Properties: None
Partition Coefficient (Log Kow): Negative (high hydrophilicity)
Refractive Index: Not applicable for solid
Crystal Structure: Crystalline carbohydrate lactone
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Thermal Stability: Good under dry conditions; decomposes upon excessive heating
Hydrolytic Behavior: Slowly hydrolyzes to D-glucuronic acid in aqueous environments
Chemical Reactivity: Low under normal storage and handling conditions
Corrosiveness: Non-corrosive
Moisture Sensitivity: Moderate; should be protected from excessive humidity
Compatibility: Compatible with vitamins, amino acids, carbohydrates, minerals, caffeine, taurine, and numerous food additives
Shelf Stability: Excellent when stored in sealed containers under cool and dry conditions
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C6H8O6
CAS Number: 32449-92-6
Molecular Weight: 176.12
UNSPSC Code: 12352115
EC Index Number: 251-053-3
NACRES: NA.22
MDL number: MFCD00135622
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/ range: 172 - 175 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,75 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
FIRST AID MEASURES of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of D-(+)-GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available
