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PEG Diester = Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate, sodium salt
CAS Number: 9004-99-3
EC Number : 618-405-1
Molecular Formula : C20H41O2
PubChem CID : 3032547
Molecular Weight : 313.5
DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diesters are polyethylene glycol diester of stearic acid.
DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diesters acts as an effective emulsifier and thickening agent for surfactant-containing hair care products such as shampoo, shower gels.
DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diesters are also used in other cosmetics applications such as baby bath, conditioner, creams and lotions.
DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester surfactants are manufactured by reacting a polyethylene glycol with a fatty acid.
The polyethylene glycol comprises the hydrophilic part of the surfactant and the fatty acid the lipophilic part.
By varying the molecular weight of the DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester and the fatty acid, surfactants covering a wide range of HLB values can be produced.
Typically, those with an HLB below 13 are oil soluble and water dispersible while those above are water soluble.
Applications of DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester
The traditional application areas for DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester surfactants have mainly utilised their excellent water/oil emulsifying properties, e.g. as: Lubricants in textile processing Cutting oils and metalworking fluids Solvent cleaners and emulsifiable degreasers Emulsifiers for self-emulsifying herbicides, insecticides and fungicides Emulsifiers for cosmetic creams and toiletry emulsions Emulsifiers for polymer latex production
Other applications have utilised their wetting/dispersing properties, e.g. as: Pigment dispersants for both organic and inorganic pigments in aqueous and non-aqueous systems.
Plasticizers/viscosity modifiers in mastics, adhesives, emulsion paints and PVC plastisols
DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
Uses of DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester
Medical uses
Pharmaceutical-grade DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms.
DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester is the basis of a number of laxatives (as MiraLax).
Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy.
DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester used in medicines for treating disimpaction and maintenance therapy for children with constipation.
When attached to various protein medications or drug carriers, DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester of suitable length slows down their clearance from the blood.
The possibility that DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.
An example of PEG hydrogels in a therapeutic has been theorized by Ma et al.
They propose using the hydrogel to address periodontitis (gum disease) by encapsulating stem cells in the gel that promote healing in the gums.
The gel and encapsulated stem cells was to be injected to the site of disease and crosslinked to create the microenvironment required for the stem cells to function.
PEGylation of adenoviruses for gene therapy can help prevent adverse reactions due to pre-existing adenovirus immunity.
A PEGylated lipid is used as an excipient in both the Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.
Both RNA vaccines consist of messenger RNA, or mRNA, encased in a bubble of oily molecules called lipids.
Proprietary lipid technology is used for each.
In both vaccines, the bubbles are coated with a stabilizing molecule of polyethylene glycol.
As of December 2020 there is some concern that PEG diester could trigger allergic reaction,and in fact allergic reactions are the driver for both the United Kingdom and Canadian regulators to issue an advisory, noting that: two "individuals in the U.K... were treated and have recovered" from anaphylactic shock.
As of 18 December, the US CDC stated that in their jurisdiction six cases of "severe allergic reaction" had been recorded from more than 250,000 vaccinations, and of those six only one person had a "history of vaccination reactions".
Industrial uses
A nitrate diester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.
Dimethyl ethers of PEG Diester are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the syngas stream.
PEG Diester has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.
PEG Diester is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes.
Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG diester, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future.
PEG Diester is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment.
PEG Diester is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.
PEG Diester was used as an additive to silver halide photographic emulsions.
Commercial uses
PEG diester is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants (frequently combined with glycerin).
PEG diester is used in a number of toothpastes[5] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste.
PEG diester is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.
PEG diester is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks.
Entertainment uses
PEG diester is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles.
PEG diester is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. (Not to be confused with propylene glycol.)
PEG diester is the main ingredient in the paint (known as "fill") in paintballs.
PEG diesters can be used in liquid, soaps, lotions, creams and shampoos as emulsifiers, pearlizers, stabilizers, solubilizers and viscosity controlagents.
They also find use in the metalworking, pulp and paper, textile, household and institutional industries.
In aqueous systems PEG diester with a molecular weight of 200 to 1450 are the most versatile for emulsification, while the higher molecular weight esters are excellent thickening agents.
PEG diesters typically are produced by one of three routes:
1) ethoxylation of fatty acids,
2) direct esterification of PEG with fatty acids to produce water as a by-product, or
3) transesterification of fatty acid esters with PEG to produce alcohols as byproducts.
In the case of PEG-150 distearate, only Routes 2 and 3 are desirable since Route 1 leads to mixtures of mono- and difunctional PEG esters and unmodified PEG.
Polyethylene glycol diester is a mono or diester of a fatty acid or oil reacted with a polyethylene glycol.
Polyethylene glycol diester has been widely used as emulsifiers, pearlizers, stabilizers, solublizers or viscosity-controlling agent especially in household and cosmetic products such as lotion, cream, hand soap, shampoo and so on.
Owing to its versatility in different filed of application, numerous effort has been contributed to improve the existing polyethylene glycol ester types or devise a new types of polyethylene glycol ester derivatives with improved properties.
Furthermore, improvement also been made to enhance the rate, selectivity, or efficiency of the esterification reaction.
Substance identity
EC / List no.: 618-405-1
CAS no.: 9004-99-3
Hazard classification & labelling of DEHYLUB 4121 PEG Diester
Warning! According to the classification provided by companies to ECHA in CLP notifications this substance causes serious eye irritation, may cause respiratory irritation and causes skin irritation.
Substances predicted as likely to meet criteria for category 1A or 1B carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive toxicity, or with dispersive or diffuse use(s) where predicted likely to meet any classification criterion for health or environmental hazards, or where there is a nanoform soluble in biological and environmental media.
Substances indicated, in 2009, as being intended to be registered by at least one company in the EEA.
Substances for which classification and labeling data have been submitted to ECHA in a registration under REACH or notified by manufacturers or importers under CLP.
Such notifications are required for hazardous substances, as such or in mixtures, as well as for all substances subject to registration, regardless of their hazard.
Synonyms:
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate, sodium salt
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(1-oxooctadecyl)-ω-hydroxy-
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARATE
PEG 8 STEARATE
PEG monostearate
PEG-2 Stearate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .α.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.ω.-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-h ydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-hydroxy- (50 mol EO average molar ratio)
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-hydroxy-Polyethylene glycol monostearate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(1-oxooctadecyl)-ω-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alpha-(1-oxooctadecyl)-omega-hydroxy
Polyethylene Glycol Monostearate
Polyethylene glycol monostearate
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARATE
polyethylene glycol stearate
Polyoxyethylene stearate
Polypropylene Glycol & Fatty Acid Esters
Ethoxylated stearic acid
Fatty acid glycol
PEG 150 stearate
PEG 8 STEARATE
PEG-20 Stearate
PEG-8 STEARATE
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-(1-oxooctadecyl)-w-hydroxy-
polyoxietileno400 stearate
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