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DENATONIUM = BITREX = DENATONIUMBENZOATE
CAS Number: 3734-33-6
EC Number: 223-095-2
MDL number: MFCD00031578
Linear Formula: C21H29N2O·C7H5O2
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Denatonium was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by MacFarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland.
Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids but are often traded as solutions.
The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence the New Latin suffix -onium.
Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Denatonium is a compound of a salt with an inert anion like benzoate or saccharide.
Denatonium can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl halides.
Denatonium was synthesized for the first time in 1963 by reacting benzyl chloride with lidocaine.
This reaction required heating the substrates to 110 ° C for 35 hours, nowadays reaction time can be reduced to two hours at 82 ° C by using acetonitrile as solvent and potassium iodide as catalyst.
In order to obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate in ethanol or to sodium hydroxide, and the resulting denatonium hydroxide is neutralized with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
One of the chemical names for Denatonium is lidocaine benzylbenzoate, although denatonium only denotes the quaternary ammonium cation species itself, and does not necessitate the benzoate counterion.
Denatonium in humans is recognized by eight distinct bitter taste receptors: TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R39, TAS2R43, TAS2R16, TAS2R46, TAS2R47, with TAS2R47 being by far the most sensitive to the compound.
Denatonium can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.
Denatonium is white crystalline powder or granule, odorless, bitter extremely and its melting point is 163 to 170°C.
Denatonium is soluble in water and easily soluble in ethanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. etc..
Denatonium's solution is neutral.
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Denatonium during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine.
The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.
Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications.
Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.
Soluble in isopropyl alcohol, methanol.
Slightly soluble in acetone.
Insoluble in ether.
Denatonium acts as H1 antihistamine.
Denatonium not only leaves a bitter flavor in the liquids, but also leaves a bitter residue on objects, like screens and keyboards, that may transfer to hands.
Denatonium is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Denatonium is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.
Denatonium is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Denatonium's claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - denatonium benzoate is the most bitter substance yet discovered.
Denatonium was first produced accidentally in 1958 by Scottish pharmaceutical manufacturer T & H Smith, later Macfarlan Smith, where researchers were experimenting with variants of an anaesthetic for dentists called lignocaine.
It was soon discovered that just a few parts per million of denatonium were enough for this aggressively unpleasant compound to render a substance distasteful to humans.
Denatonium is a long-lasting deer repellent.
Denatonium is moderately persistent in soils and may persist in water under certain circumstances.
A substance that’s put into household, garden and automotive products to ensure that if a child or animal ever tried to swallow it, they would spit it straight out before they could be poisoned.
Completely harmless if consumed.
Denatonium is a bittering agent.
Denatonium is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.
Commercially, Denatonium is available as a white crystalline powder, but denatonium benzoate granules or solutions are also available.
Chemical formula: C21H29N2O . C7H5O2
Denatonium has a chemical weight of 446.58116 g/mol and a molecular formula of C28 H3 4N 2O3.
Denatonium is a compound of salt with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.
Denatonium's structure is similar to lidocaine and is closely related to Novocain and benzocaine.
Denatonium is odorless, colorless and non-reactive, making Denatonium a suitable additive that does not interfere with the primary purpose of the base compound.
Denatonium is widely accepted as the bitterest compound of all.
The low dose rate needed to provide taste aversion makes Denatonium cost effective for its purposes.
Denatonium is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Denatonium is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.
Although denatonium has a powerful taste, Denatonium is colorless and odorless.
Solutions of denatonium in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.
The claim that denatonium is the most bitter tasting chemical known is based not on scientific tests but on human taste tests alone.
No automated test exists for determining the bitterness of a substance.
Oregon was the first state in the United States to require the addition of Denatonium to antifreeze and car windshield washer fluid.
Macfarlan Smith found denatonium in 1958, and registered Denatonium in the same year in Great Britain, Canada and in the USA under the trademark Bitrex.
Laboratory research showed that Denatonium featured extremely bitter taste.
When mixing denatonium benzoate with water in the proportion 30:1 000 000, one obtained the product which could not be eaten because of Denatonium's extremely bitter taste.
Chemical name is ammonium, benzyl, diethyl ((2.6-xylyl carbomoyl) methyl)-benzoate).
Molecular mass is 446.58 g/mol.
Denatonium, a widely used bitter agonist, activates bitter taste receptors on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca2+-dependent pathways.
Denatonium benzoate is considered to be one of the bitterest compounds known to humans
Denatonium benzoate is known to be resistant to biodegradation.
Denatonium, usually available as Denatonium and as Denatonium Saccharide, is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Denatonium creates an unmistakable bitter taste that indicates a breakthrough in the respirator fit.
Denatonium is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Denatonium is a bitter substance.
Popular in products that want to prevent eating.
USES and APPLICATIONS of DENATONIUM:
-Denatonium is the best denaturant for alcohols and the world's bitterest known substance, adding as little as thirty parts to one million parts of a liquid makes that liquid too bitter to be tolerated by most human subjects, and because Denatonium is so bitter that Denatonium is commonly added to household items and outdoor products to prevent accidental poisonings.
-Replacement for Brucine, Quassin, Quinine, Naringin,etc.
-Denaturant for alcohols and gasohol
-Aversive agent for automotive products, including anti-freezes,brake fluid,hydraulic fluid and so on
-Aversive agent for cosmetics,hairdressing and hair care products.Such as nail cream, toilet water
-Aversive agent for household products.
Such as pine disinfectant; Thick lavatory cleaner, spray and wipe cleaner, Wash, Insecticide,
-Liquid laundry detergent
-Bittering agent to prevent mice or children from biting such as toy and discourage swallowing substantial amounts of noxious materials
-Aversive agent for paints, solvents, varnishes, and printing inks
-Aversive agent for Pesticide Insecticide, Plant food sticks, Fly bait, Ant bait, Rodenticide, Molluscicide, to prevent accidental poisonings.
-Aversive agent for drug for exterior use and oral drug.
Such as ethanol for disinfection,antiseptic,kaiselu,sleeping pill,contraceptive and so on;
-Aversive agent for veterinary uses, such as to prevent cannibalism in pigs; to control aspiration mastitis and pyogenic mastitis in cows, animal repellant, to prevent deer nibbling young shoots on trees; to prevent horses cribbing their stalls, cat and dog repellants, bird repellant;
-Used in gardens,agriculture and protect environment
-Used in bitering agent for Cable and Lachrymator
-And aerosol for diluted denatonium benzoate to prove the proper sitting of gas masks and other respiratory protective apparatus;
-Used in protecting nylon material in aeronautics field
-Used in Sciences research.
-Denatonium benzoate has been used in the United States for over 20 years as an alcohol denaturant.
-Denatonium is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
-Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.
-The bitterness of Denatonium guides most applications of denatonium.
-Denatonium is used to denature ethanol so that Denatoniumis not treated as an alcoholic beverage with respect to taxation and sales restrictions.
-Antifreeze
-Windshield washer
-Car cleaners
-Car polishes
-Degreasers
-Brake fluids
-Air fresheners Kitchen cleaners
-Bathroom cleaners
-Liquid detergents
-Fabric softeners
-Stain removers
-Glass cleaners Rodent killers
-Slug & snail baits
-Liquid fertilizers
-Herbicides
-Insecticides
-Wild animal repellents Nail polish removers
-Hand sanitizers
-Hair dyes
-Candles
-Liquid pot-pourri
-One designation in particular, SD-40B, indicates that ethanol has been denatured using denatonium benzoate.
-Denatonium is commonly included in placebos used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of certain medications.
-Denatonium also discourages consumption of poisonous alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.
-Denatonium is also added to many kinds of harmful liquids including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, varnishes, toiletries and other personal care items, special nail polish for preventing nail biting, and various other household products.
-Denatoniumis also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas dusters) to discourage inhalant abuse of the volatile vapors.
-Denatonium is used in some animal repellents (especially for such large mammals as deer).
-Nintendo Switch game cards are coated in denatonium to prevent young children from consuming them.
-Denatonium are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
-Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.
-Denatonium is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.
-Denatonium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products, air care products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, plant protection products, polymers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.
-Denatonium is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.
-Denatonium is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and furniture.
-Denatonium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products and plant protection products.
-Denatonium is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
-Antifreeze / engine coolants
-Windshield wiper fluids
-Personal care and cosmetic products such as e.g. nail polish removers
-Denatured alcohols such as ethanol
-Hand sanitizer
-Rodent baits
-Pesticides
*Denatonium is a bittering agent which is used to give a bitter taste to toxic products in order to make the product more difficult to ingest.
-Examples of products which contain denatonium are antifreeze, detergents, floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
-Denatonium with CAS 3734-33-6 is a bittering agent used as an aversion additive in various chemical and manufactured products
-The primary use of Denatonium is for taste a version purposes for poison prevention.
-Denatonium is used in air care products.
-Denatonium is used as a disinfectant.
-Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.
-Denatonium benzoate is a stimulant of the bitter taste receptors used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
-Denatonium (THS-839) is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
-Denatonium is a strong bitter taste receptor agonist, extensively used for its activation of different cell pathways.
-Antifreeze
-Windshield Wiper Fluid
-Denatured Alcohol
-Rodent Baits
-Certain Pesticides
-Polish remover
-Hand sanitizer
-Bath oil/salts/soak
-Exfoliant/scrub
-Nail polish
-Mask
-Serums & essences
-Facial moisturizer/treatment
-Eye shadow
-Body wash/cleanser
-Antiperspirant/deodorant
-Moisturizer
-Bar soap
-Toners/astringents
-Hair treatment/serum
-Daily use with SPF
-Body firming lotion
-Liquid hand soap
-Facial cleanser
-Hair styling aide
-Hand cream
-Bubble bath
-Nail treatment
-Hair relaxer
-Denatonium benzoate (THS-839) is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
-Denatonium is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
-The bitterant denatonium benzoate is being used in automotive coolants to deter human ingestion.
-Denatonium is used to denature ethanol and used in rubbing alcohol as an inactive ingredient.
-Denatonium is used as a denaturant and masking agent.
-Denatonium is an aversive agent proposed for use in certain anti-freeze formulations to reduce poisoning events of pets and humans.
-Denatonium can be used in a dilute solution to brush on the fingernails of people who are compulsive fingernail-biters.
Some parents use a similar solution on the thumbs of children who suck their thumbs more than they should.
-Denatonium is also used as an animal repellent.
Products containing denatonium benzoate can be sprayed on trees, brushes, crops, and other material to prevent deer from grazing on those products.
-One of the product's first applications was as a treatment on pig's tails to prevent pigs from biting each other.
-The coatings on electric cables are sometimes impregnated with a denatonium solution to discourage rats from chewing on them.
-In liquid laundry detergents
-In fabric conditioners
-In toilet cleaners
-In disinfectants
-In household antiseptics
-In kitchen, bathroom, and floor cleaners
-In paint products and paint brush cleaners
-In personal care products, including bath foam, soaps, perfume and after shave lotions, nail polish remover, shampoo, and shower gel
-In pesticides, such as insecticides, rodenticides, slug bait, and ant bait
-In herbicides
-In a wide variety of automotive care products, such as antifreezes, coolants, and car cleaning materials.
-In all of these cases, the purpose of adding denatonium benzoate is to change the taste of the product just enough to prevent someone, especially children, from eating a substance that could cause them harm.
-One of the first and most important uses of denatonium was as an additive to methanol (methyl alcohol; wood alcohol).
-By adding a small amount of denatonium to methanol, consumers are discouraged—and usually prevented—from drinking the substance.
-Bitterants such as denatonium are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
-In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of denatonium is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.
-Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of denatonium to discourage consumption by mouth.
-Denatonium is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.
-Denatonium is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
-Denatonium is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
-By far, the most common use of denatonium benzoate is to denature alcohol, making it unfit for human consumption and exempt from tariffs that normally apply to alcohol.
-In livestock farming, denatonium is used to prevent cannibalism in pigs and aspiration mastitis in cattle.
-Denatonium acts as a repellant when applied to young shoots, branches and other surfaces to discourage nibbling by animals, thereby preventing damage to property.
-Used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals; "Added to toxic substances as a deterrent to accidental ingestion"
-Used in the EU to deter deer from chewing on trees
-Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products
-Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.
-Denatonium is a bittering agent which is used to give a bitter taste to toxic products in order to make the product more difficult to ingest.
-Denatonium Benzoate is a stimulant of the bitter taste receptors and therefore is used in products for the purpose of reducing or preventing consumption of potentially harmful and toxic substances.
-Denatonium benzoate is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
-Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.
-Denatonium are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion of chemical and hazardous products.
-Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, anti-freeze, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.
HISTORY of DENATONIUM:
According to Chemistry World, denatonium was an accidental formulation by researchers at T & H Smith, a Scottish pharmaceutical firm that was the precursor for Macfarlan Smith Ltd.
In 1958, staff at the laboratory was working with lignocaine, a dental anesthetic, when they discovered the extreme bitterness of denatonium in powder form.
Due to the extreme taste, denatonium was used as an aversive agent.
Denatonium is available under the trade name Bitrex, which is a portmanteau of the words bitter and rex for king.
The first known application for Denatonium was as an aversant for pigs that were cannibalizing their own tails or those of other pigs.
Denatonium compound was discovered in 1958 by a scientist named W. Barnes, who was working for the chemical firm of T. &H. Smith, in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Barnes was interested in developing a new anesthetic, more powerful than those already available to physicians.
He decided to focus his research on lidocaine, a very popular anesthetic, and compounds chemically related to it.
In one line of his experiments, Barnes added a single benzoyl group (benzoic acid with a hydrogen removed: C6H5COO−) to a nitrogen atom in lidocaine.
The resulting compound was denatonium.
Although Denatonium had little effectiveness as an anesthetic, Barnes noted that Denatonium had a peculiar odor and taste.
The Smith company decided to exploit this unusual property of denatonium, and obtained a patent for it under the name of Bitrex.
Today, the primary manufacturer of Britex in the world is the Macfarlan Smith corporation of Edinburgh.
HOW DENATONIUM WORKS:
Humans can typically sense sweet, sour, salty, savory and bitter-tasting stuff.
Of these flavors, bitter-tasting chemicals elicit the most reaction.
Sensitivity to bitter flavors depends on genetics:
The TAS2R38 gene determines a person’s ability to detect the bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, which is an ingredient in tonic water.
It is also the standard for this type of bitter flavor.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
For denatonium , a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter is discernible to humans.
A single letter variation in TAS2R38 gene - a single nucleotide polymorphism - is responsible for whether or not a person can detect such bitterness.
Quinine, the archetypal bitter substance associated with this gene, is used as the benchmark for bitterness, and is helpful in demonstrating just how strong denatonium benzoate is.
The human tongue can pick up the bitter kick of quinine at a concentration of around 0.008 moles per cubic metre.
By contrast, denatonium benzoate requires a thousandth of that concentration to be detected.
Our outstanding reaction to denatonium benzoate is likely to be an accidental function of the way the TAS2R taste receptors on the tongue react to Denatonium.
But this is an accident that has found plenty of use, as denatonium benzoate is marketed under names like Bitrex, BITTER+PLUS and Aversion, which are all varieties of bitterants or aversive agents.
If you have something that may be consumed but shouldn’t be, you add some denatonium benzoate and even small quantities of it will put people off.
Children, who inevitably are the most likely to try to consume substances they shouldn’t, with as many as 30,000 a year taken to hospital in the UK alone with suspected poisoning, seem particularly sensitive to the bitter attack of denatonium, making denatonium ideal for the job.
Some of the applications are straightforward - in the otherwise sweet-tasting but poisonous antifreeze ethylene glycol, for instance, and in rat poison (luckily rat tongues are a lot less sensitive to the compound).
Rather more sneakily, ethanol can be ‘denatured’ by adding denatonium, making it undrinkable.
Perhaps the most direct application of denatonium is to help those who can’t prevent themselves from nibbling their nails.
A mixture containing a small amount of the compound is painted on and when the sufferer attempts to bite their nails - often doing it unconsciously - the bitter taste quickly deters them.
Denatonium is one of the most bitter substances known.
Denatonium makes sweet but highly toxic products such as antifreeze and detergents taste foul.
Research shows that people can detect this drug in the water at 50 parts per billion.
Denatonium is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm.
Denatonium is also stable and inert.
Also, so little is needed that the properties of Denatonium remain unchanged.
Denatonium is used for the treatment of Inappropriate ingestion.
Also, Denatonium is used to prevent infections.
FUNCTIONS of DENATONIUM:
-Denaturant :
Makes cosmetics unpleasant.
Mainly added to cosmetics containing ethyl alcohol
-Masking :
Reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DENATONIUM:
Molar mass: 446.581
Melting point: 163 to 170 °C (325 to 338 °F; 436 to 443 K)
Appearance Form: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 6,5 - 7,5 at 30 g/l at 20 °C
Melting point/freezing point Melting point/range: 164 - 168 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 180 °C - OECD Test Guideline 103 - (decomposition)
Flash point: 100 °C - closed cup - ISO 2719
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 0,3846 g/cm3 at 26 °C
Water solubility: 45 g/l at 25 °C - (experimental)
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 2,06 at 25 °C - (ECHA)
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
FIRST AID MEASURES of DENATONIUM:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DENATONIUM:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DENATONIUM:
-Extinguishing media
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DENATONIUM:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
*Appropriate engineering controls:
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of DENATONIUM:
-Conditions for safe storage:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DENATONIUM:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
SYNONYMS:
Benzenemethanaminium,N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl) amino) -2-oxoethyl)-N, N-diethyl-,benzoate
Benzyldiethyl((2,6- xylylcarbamoyl) methyl) ammonium benzoate
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
benzenemethanaminium, N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
benzenemethanaminium, N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
benzyl diethyl (2,6-xylyl carbamoyl methyl) ammonium benzoate
benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium benzoate
N-benzyl-2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylyl- carbamoyl- methyl)- ammonium benzoate
benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
bitrex
denatoniumbenzoate
N,N-diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl- carbamoyl)- methyl]- benzyl- ammonium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-dimethyl phenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl benzene methanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]- 2-oxoetil]-diethylammonium benzoate
Aversion
Denatonii benzoas
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)carbamoylmethyl]-diethyl-azanium
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
Anispray
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
Benzenemethan-aminium, n-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxo-ethyl)-n,n-diethyl-, benzoate
benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)carbamoylmethyl]-diethyl-azanium benzoate
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl[ (2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
