DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (DAP)

DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE

CAS NUMBER: 18-46-0

7783-28-0; Diammonium hydrogen phosphate; diammonium hydrogenphosphate; DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt; Ammonium phosphate dibasic; Fyrex; Pelor; Akoustan A; Diammonium orthophosphate; Diammonium acid phosphate; Dibasic ammonium phosphate; K2 (phosphate); Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate; Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Secondary ammonium phosphate; Hydrogen diammonium phosphate; Coaltrol LPA 445; Phos-Chek 202A; Phos-Chek 259; Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic; Caswell No. 286C; Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate; Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate; Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate; UNII-10LGE70FSU; Ammonium phosphate, secondary; di-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate; HSDB 301; Ammoniumhydrogenphosphate; Ammonium phosphate [NF]; EINECS 231-987-8; Ammonium phosphate ((NH4)2(HPO4)); 10LGE70FSU; ammonium monohydrogen phosphate; AI3-25349; Ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution; Ammonium phosphate (NF); Ammonium phosphate, dibasic, 99+%, for analysis; Ammonium phosphate, dibasic, 99%, for biochemistry; Ammonium phosphate [USAN]; diazanium hydrogen phosphate; (NH4)2HPO4; di-ammonium phosphate; Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:2); ACMC-1BBLK; DAP, DAPLG; EC 231-987-8; KSC377C4F; Diammonium Phosphate Food Grade; DTXSID6029705; CTK2H7142; KS-000011AS; AKOS015856700; LS-190483; FT-0624618; D02921; Ammonium phosphate, dibasic, 98+%, ACS reagent; J-520228; DİAMMONİUM PHOSPHATE; diamonum fosfat; diammonium phosfate; dıammonıum phosphate; dıammonıum phosfat; diamonyum posfat; DAP;

DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4, IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid. Solid diammonium phosphate shows a dissociation pressure of ammonia. At 100 °C, the dissociation pressure of diammonium phosphate is approximately 5 mmHg. According to the diammonium phosphate MSDS from CF Industries, Inc., decomposition starts as low as 70°C. "Hazardous Decomposition Products: Gradually loses ammonia when exposed to air at room temperature. Decomposes to ammonia and monoammonium phosphate at around 70°C (158°F). At 155°C (311°F), DAP emits phosphorus oxides, nitrogen oxides and ammonia."

Uses

Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is used as a fertilizer. When applied as plant food, it temporarily increases the soil pH, but over a long term the treated ground becomes more acidic than before upon nitrification of the ammonium. It is incompatible with alkaline chemicals because its ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high-pH environment. The average pH in solution is 7.5–8. The typical formulation is 18-46-0 (18% N, 46% P2O5, 0% K2O). DAP can be used as a fire retardant. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  lowers the combustion temperature of the material, decreases maximum weight loss rates, and causes an increase in the production of residue or char. These are important effects in fighting wildfires as lowering the pyrolysis temperature and increasing the amount of char formed reduces that amount of available fuel and can lead to the formation of a firebreak. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is the largest component of some popular commercial firefighting products. DAP is also used as a yeast nutrient in winemaking and mead-making; as an additive in some brands of cigarettes purportedly as a nicotine enhancer; to prevent afterglow in matches, in purifying sugar; as a flux for soldering tin, copper, zinc and brass; and to control precipitation of alkali-soluble and acid-insoluble colloidal dyes on wool. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries.

Production of Diammonium Phosphate

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizers first became available in the 1960s, and DAP rapidly became the most popular in this class of products. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)’s formulated in a controlled reaction of phosphoric acid with ammonia, where the hot slurry is then cooled, granulated and sieved. DAP handles and stores well. The standard nutrient grade of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is relatively high, at 18-46-0, so fertilizer products with lower nutrient content may not be labeled DAP.  The inputs required to produce one ton of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  fertilizer are approximately 1.5 to 2 tons of phosphate rock, 0.4 tons of sulfur (S) to dissolve the rock, and 0.2 tons of ammonia. Changes in the supply or price of any of these inputs will impact DAP prices and availability. The high nutrient content of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  helps reduce handling, freight and application costs. DAP is produced in many locations in the world and is a widely traded fertilizer commodity.

Agricultural use of Diammonium Phosphate

Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  fertilizer is an excellent source of P and nitrogen (N) for plant nutrition. It’s highly soluble and thus dissolves quickly in soil to release plant-available phosphate and ammonium. A notable property of DAP is the alkaline pH that develops around the dissolving granule. As dissolving Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  granules release ammonium, the seedlings and plant roots nearest the volatile ammonia can be harmed. This potential damage more commonly occurs when the soil pH is greater than 7, a condition that often exists around the dissolving DAP granule. To prevent such damage, users should avoid placing high concentrations of DAP near germinating seeds. The ammonium present in Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is an excellent N source and will be gradually converted to nitrate by soil bacteria, resulting in a subsequent drop in pH. Therefore, the rise in soil pH surrounding Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  granules is a temporary effect. This initial rise in soil pH neighboring Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  can influence the micro-site reactions of phosphate and soil organic matter.

Management practices of Diammonium Phosphate

Differences in the initial chemical reaction between various commercial P fertilizers in soil become minor over time (within weeks or months) and are minimal as far as plant nutrition is concerned. Most field comparisons between Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) show only minor or no differences in plant growth and yield due to P source with proper management.

Non-agricultural uses of Diammonium Phosphate

Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  also acts as a fire retardant. For example, a mixture of DAP and other ingredients can be spread in advance of a fire to prevent a forest from burning. It then becomes a nutrient source after the danger of fire has passed. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is used in various industrial processes, too, such as metal finishing. And, it’s commonly added to wine to sustain yeast fermentation and to milk to produce cheese cultures.

Most concentrated phosphate-based fertilizer. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is perfect for any agriculture crop to provide full phosphorus nutrition throughout crop growth and development, as well as a starter dose of nitrogen and low sulphur. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  can be applied in autumn for tilling and in spring during sowing, as well as for pre-sowing cultivation. Dissolving in soil, Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  provides temporary alkalization of pH of the soil solution around the fertilizer granule, thus stimulating better uptake of phosphorus from the fertilizers on acid soils. Fertilizer’s sulphur also contributes to the better intake of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants.

Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is the most widely used phosphate fertilizer among growers today. It is manufactured by reacting phosphoric acid and ammonia and contains two ammonia molecules. In alkaline soil conditions, one of the ammonia molecules in Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  will revert to ammonia, making it an excellent fit for low pH or alkaline soil. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  itself is alkaline with a high pH, exceeding 7.5.

Nutrients include P2O5 (46%) and ammoniacal nitrogen (18%). Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  provides the correct proportion of phosphate and nitrogen needed for farming wheat, barley and vegetables. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is also applied in the early stage of fruit orchard fertilization. Diammonium phosphate is a granulated fertilizer, with granules in size 5-5 mm (min. 95%). Granules can be white, grey or black (with tones) Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  contains 18% of nitrogen in ammonia form and 46% of phosphours as ammonium phosphate (exact formula can differ slightly depending on producer) Ammonia nitrogen is not leached from soil, is slowly uptaken by plants and facilitates phosphorus uptake, limits excessive uptake of potassium. Phosporus form is easy available for soil, also in water deficiency conditions. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is commonly used universal fertilizer which can be applied for field crops and for vegetables and in orchards.

Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  fertilizer is an excellent source of P and nitrogen (N) for plant nutrition. It is highly soluble and thus dissolves quickly in soil to release plant-available phosphate and ammonium. A notable property of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is the alkaline pH that develops around the dissolving granule.

Granulated universal highly concentrated nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer. Value of nitrogen and phosphorus 18-47 increases the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors (drought and frost), and also increases the resistance of plants to disease. High content of phosphorus contributes to the accumulation of sugar in the root crops and fruits. Suitable for all soils and under all kinds of cultures as the basic fertilizer and as feed in the spring and summer period to speed up the ripening of fruits and berries.

Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is used to provide plants with the phosphorus they need. Because it also includes sulfur, it provides plants with their sulfur requirements. If Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  does not provide enough sulfur, it should be combined with the necessary amount of sulfur-containing fertilizer. The phosphorus in this fertilizer reacts more quickly than the phosphorus in other fertilizers. The effects last for several years. Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is applied to grain crops at the time of planting. If an insufficient amount of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is used, the roots will remain weak, development will be insufficient, maturity will be delayed, the plants will remain small, the leaves will take on a purple or dark green color and yield will be low. If it is applied too early, the phosphorus in the fertilizer will mix with the lime and other elements in the soil and lose its effectiveness. If Diammonium phosphate (DAP)  is applied after planting, it remains on the surface and has no value to the plant. NP 18-46 is very suitable when it is not necessary to supply potassium to the soil and for crops that are demanding in phosphorus. Ammoniacal nitrogen facilitates the absorption of phosphorus. The phosphorus is totally assimilable by the plants and 95% soluble in water, guaranteeing an excellent agronomic result. It has a residual acidic effect on soils, although initially it has an alkaline reaction, making it very suitable for neutral or basic soils.

What is DAP fertilizer?

DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) fertilizer is a two nutrient fertilizer. It contains 18% nitrogen (N) and 46% phosphorus (P). Since the nitrogen in its content is in the form of ammonium (NH4), it is effective especially in the first growth stages of plants. The amount of nitrogen in its structure may not meet all the needs of the plant when it is used as a base (underground) fertilizer. For this, in the use of DAP(Diammonim Phosphate), the plant should be supported with other nitrogenous fertilizers in top fertilization. Since its nitrogen is in the form of ammonium (NH4), it is kept in the soil. In case of excessive rainfall or excessive irrigation, there is no nitrogen loss by washing from the soil.

Where to use?

DAP (Diammonim Phosphate) fertilizer is used as phosphorus fertilizer in our country as well as all over the world. Phosphorus, as a plant nutrient, is essential for the root development of the plant in the first growth stages, and phosphorus is very needed in energy metabolism. If it is not applied in sufficient amount or to the appropriate depth, phosphorus deficiency is seen in the plant; There is a big decrease in efficiency and quality. More information on this subject can be found under the heading "Fertilization Recommendations" on the web page.

Usage of Diammonim Phosphate

The effect of DAP(Diammonim Phosphate) fertilizer is more than triple superphosphate especially in calcareous soils with a pH value above 7.5. Some of the phosphorus in DAP fertilizer –as in other phosphorus fertilizers– combines with calcium (Ca), which is abundant in calcareous soil, and turns into a form that cannot be taken by plants. However, as a result of some physicochemical processes in the soil, it can turn into a useful form again. For this reason, it is more beneficial to apply all phosphorus fertilizers and DAP fertilizers with the band (furrow) method using fertilizing equipment instead of the sprinkling method.

DAP(Diammonim Phosphate) fertilizer, like other compound fertilizers, should be applied before or together with the planting and mixed into the soil considering the capillary root depth of the plant. If applied after the seed is germinated (emergence), its effect will not be seen. The reason for this is that phosphorus is retained in the soil and cannot move deeper into the soil. Phosphorus can go down to a depth of 5-6 cm per year with precipitation. For this reason, DAP(Diammonim Phosphate) application should be done 5-6 cm below the planting depth.

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) increases stem length and provides strong root formation in plants. Increases product yield and quality. It should be applied to the seed or root depth, with or before planting / planting. Depending on the severity of winter in fruit trees, it is appropriate to bury the soil in February and March, and for plants to be planted in spring, just before planting and generally to a depth of 10-15 cm.

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is the most nutrient fertilizer among the fertilizers produced in our country. Diammonium phosphate contains nitrogen and phosphorus together. It contains 18% nitrogen (N) and 46% phosphorus (P2O5) in its composition. Most of the phosphorus in it dissolves in water. For example, 18 kg in 100 kg. N, 46 kg. There is a P205. More than 90% of the phosphorus it contains can be dissolved in water. Since the nitrogen of the composition is in the form of ammonium, after being thrown into the soil, when appropriate conditions (temperature, humidity) occur, phosphorus and nitrogen are ready for use. Since the phosphorus in the fertilizer structure can go down to a depth of 5-6 cm with rain water, fertilizing is done 5-6 cm below the roots of the plant, providing more efficiency. The color of DAP fertilizer varies according to the acid used in production; it is usually black, dark gray or off-white. When the required moisture is found after being thrown into the soil, the plants immediately benefit from the phosphorus and nitrogen in the composition of the DAP fertilizer. Generally, less than 18 kg per acre can be given. It can be stored for years in warehouses with low relative humidity without clumping.

Dap fertilizer, also known as diammonium phosphate, is also known as 18 46 in the sector. Dap fertilizer, which is a type of compound fertilizer, contains nitrogen and phosphorus and it is the most widely used phosphorus fertilizer in the world. These fertilizers, which are an excellent source of nitrogen and phosphorus for plant nutrition, were first introduced to the market in the 1960s and their use increased rapidly. Dap fertilizer, obtained by formulating the produced phosphoric acid with hot and liquid ammonia in a controlled reaction and cooling it into granules; It contains 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphorus and is in the form of 18-46-0. Approximately 4 tons of sulfur, 2 tons of ammonia and 2 tons of phosphate rock are used to obtain 1 ton of dap fertilizer. The dap fertilizer, which can be easily taken by plant roots, is easily soluble in water and finds in the form of granules or powder. Dap fertilizer contains nitrogen. However, if the Dap fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, it should be supported with other nitrogen-containing fertilizers, since the nitrogen contained in it will not be sufficient.Ammonium in DAP fertilizer is an excellent source of nitrogen and is gradually converted into nitrate by soil bacteria, causing a decrease in soil pH. For this reason, it is more effective in soils with high pH.

Diammonium is a substance called hydrogen phosphate. It is one of the water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts obtained by the reaction of ammonia with phosphoric acid. DAP in solid form is obtained by the following reaction:

(NH4) 2HPO4 (s) <=> NH3 (g) NH4H2PO4 (s)

When the temperature is at 100 ° C, the decomposition pressure of diammonium phosphate is about 5 mmHg. DAP is mostly used as fertilizer. It is especially preferred in Central Anatolia region. Used as a plant nutrient, it temporarily increases soil pH, but long-term treated soil becomes more acidic than it was before nitrification of ammonium. It is not compatible with alkaline chemicals because the ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high pH environment. The average pH of the solution is around 7.5-8. In addition, DAP can be used as a fire retardant. It decreases the combustion temperature of the material, decreases the highest weight loss rates and increases the yield of ash or coal. These are important in fighting fires, as reducing the combustion (pyrolysis) temperature and increasing the amount of coal produced reduces the amount of fuel available and can cause a fire spark to occur. It is the most preferred component of the most widely used commercial fire extinguishing materials. Di ammonium phosphate is also used as a yeast food in wine production and grinding. It accelerates fermentation. In some cigarettes, it is used as an additive as a nicotine enhancer. It is also used as flux for soldering elements and alloys such as tin, copper, zinc and brass.