DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE

Synonyms:
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; Phosphate de diammonium; Phosphate diammonium; Phosphate de diammonium; Dap;  Diammonium hydrogen phosphate; Diammonium hydrogenphosphate; DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt; Ammonium phosphate dibasic; Dibasic ammonium phosphate; K2 (phosphate); Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate; Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Secondary ammonium phosphate; Hydrogen diammonium phosphate; Coaltrol LPA 445; Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic; Diammonium  orthophosphate; Diammonium mono  phosphate; Ammonium mono  orthophosphate; Ammonium phosphate, secondary; di-Ammonium   phosphate; Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt; Ammonium phosphate dibasic; Dibasic ammonium phosphate; K2 (phosphate); Diammonium   orthophosphate; Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Secondary ammonium phosphate;   diammonium phosphate; Coaltrol LPA 445; Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic; Diammonium  orthophosphate; Diammonium mono  phosphate; Ammonium mono  orthophosphate; Ammonium phosphate, secondary; di-Ammonium phosphate; DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; Phosphate de diammonium; Phosphate diammonium; DAP; Dap;  Diammonium hydrogen phosphate; Diammonium hydrogenphosphate; DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt; Ammonium phosphate dibasic; Dibasic ammonium phosphate; K2 (phosphate); Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate; Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Secondary ammonium phosphate; Hydrogen diammonium phosphate; Coaltrol LPA 445; Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic; Diammonium  orthophosphate; Diammonium mono  phosphate; Ammonium mono  orthophosphate; Ammonium phosphate, secondary; di-Ammonium   phosphate; Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt; Ammonium phosphate dibasic; Dibasic ammonium phosphate; K2 (phosphate); Diammonium   orthophosphate; Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Secondary ammonium phosphate;   diammonium phosphate; Coaltrol LPA 445; Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic; Diammonium  orthophosphate; Diammonium mono  phosphate; Ammonium mono  orthophosphate; Ammonium phosphate, secondary; di-Ammonium phosphate; Di amonyum fosfat; ammonyum fosfat; Phosphate de diammonium; Fosphate de diammonium

DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE

Diammonium phosphate
Diammonium phosphate[1]
Diammonium phosphate.png
Names
IUPAC name
diammonium hydrogen phosphate
Other names
ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate dibasic
Identifiers
CAS Number    
7783-28-0 ☑
3D model (JSmol)    
Interactive image
ChemSpider    
22946 ☑
ECHA InfoCard    100.029.079 Edit this at Wikidata
E number    E342(ii) (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID    
24540
UNII    
10LGE70FSU ☑
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)    
DTXSID6029705 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula    (NH4)2HPO4
Molar mass    132.06 g/mol
Appearance    white powder
Density    1.619 g/cm3
Melting point    155 °C (311 °F; 428 K) decomposes
Solubility in water    57.5 g/100 mL (10 °C)
106.7 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility    insoluble in alcohol, acetone and liquid ammonia
Refractive index (nD)    1.52
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)    −1566.91 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet    ICSC 0217
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)    
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
021
Flash point    Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions    Monoammonium phosphate
Triammonium phosphate
Other cations    Disodium phosphate
Dipotassium phosphate
Related compounds    Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium sulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Diammonium phosphate (DAP; IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate; chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid. Solid diammonium phosphate shows a dissociation pressure of ammonia as given by the following expression and equation:[2]

(NH
4)
2HPO
4(s) ⇌ NH
3(g) + (NH
4)H
2PO
4(s)
At 100 °C, the dissociation pressure of diammonium phosphate is approximately 5 mmHg.[3]

According to the diammonium phosphate MSDS from CF Industries, Inc., decomposition starts as low as 70 °C: "Hazardous Decomposition Products: Gradually loses ammonia when exposed to air at room temperature. Decomposes to ammonia and monoammonium phosphate at around 70 °C (158 °F). At 155 °C (311 °F), Diammonium phosphateemits phosphorus oxides, nitrogen oxides and ammonia."

Uses
Diammonium phosphateis used as a fertilizer.[4] When applied as plant food, it temporarily increases the soil pH, but over a long term the treated ground becomes more acidic than before upon nitrification of the ammonium. It is incompatible with alkaline chemicals because its ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high-pH environment. The average pH in solution is 7.5–8.[5] The typical formulation is 18-46-0 (18% N, 46% P2O5, 0% K2O).[5]

Diammonium phosphatecan be used as a fire retardant. It lowers the combustion temperature of the material, decreases maximum weight loss rates, and causes an increase in the production of residue or char.[6] These are important effects in fighting wildfires as lowering the pyrolysis temperature and increasing the amount of char formed reduces that amount of available fuel and can lead to the formation of a firebreak. It is the largest component of some popular commercial firefighting products.[7]

Diammonium phosphateis also used as a yeast nutrient in winemaking and mead-making; as an additive in some brands of cigarettes purportedly as a nicotine enhancer; to prevent afterglow in matches, in purifying sugar; as a flux for soldering tin, copper, zinc and brass; and to control precipitation of alkali-soluble and acid-insoluble colloidal dyes on wool.[1]

Natural occurrence
The compound occurs in the nature as the exceedingly rare mineral phosphammite.[8][9] The related dihydrogen compound occurs as the mineral biphosphammite.[10][9] Both are related to guano deposits.[

DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries.

Production

Ammonium phosphate fertilizers first became available in the 1960s, and Diammonium phosphaterapidly became the most popular in this class of products. It’s formulated in a controlled reaction of phosphoric acid with ammonia, where the hot slurry is then cooled, granulated and sieved. Diammonium phosphatehandles and stores well. The standard nutrient grade of Diammonium phosphateis relatively high, at 18-46-0, so fertilizer products with lower nutrient content may not be labeled DAP.

The inputs required to produce one ton of Diammonium phosphatefertilizer are approximately 1.5 to 2 tons of phosphate rock, 0.4 tons of sulfur (S) to dissolve the rock, and 0.2 tons of ammonia. Changes in the supply or price of any of these inputs will impact Diammonium phosphateprices and availability. The high nutrient content of Diammonium phosphatehelps reduce handling, freight and application costs. Diammonium phosphateis produced in many locations in the world and is a widely traded fertilizer commodity.

Chemical properties

Diammonium Phosphate
Agricultural use

Diammonium phosphateMolecules
Diammonium phosphatefertilizer is an excellent source of P and nitrogen (N) for plant nutrition. It’s highly soluble and thus dissolves quickly in soil to release plant-available phosphate and ammonium. A notable property of Diammonium phosphateis the alkaline pH that develops around the dissolving granule.

As dissolving Diammonium phosphategranules release ammonium, the seedlings and plant roots nearest the volatile ammonia can be harmed. This potential damage more commonly occurs when the soil pH is greater than 7, a condition that often exists around the dissolving Diammonium phosphategranule. To prevent such damage, users should avoid placing high concentrations of Diammonium phosphatenear germinating seeds.

The ammonium present in Diammonium phosphateis an excellent N source and will be gradually converted to nitrate by soil bacteria, resulting in a subsequent drop in pH. Therefore, the rise in soil pH surrounding Diammonium phosphategranules is a temporary effect. This initial rise in soil pH neighboring Diammonium phosphatecan influence the micro-site reactions of phosphate and soil organic matter.

Management practices

Differences in the initial chemical reaction between various commercial P fertilizers in soil become minor over time (within weeks or months) and are minimal as far as plant nutrition is concerned. Most field comparisons between Diammonium phosphateand monoammonium phosphate (MAP) show only minor or no differences in plant growth and yield due to P source with proper management.

Non-agricultural uses

Diammonium phosphatealso acts as a fire retardant. For example, a mixture of Diammonium phosphateand other ingredients can be spread in advance of a fire to prevent a forest from burning. It then becomes a nutrient source after the danger of fire has passed. Diammonium phosphateis used in various industrial processes, too, such as metal finishing. And, it’s commonly added to wine to sustain yeast fermentation and to milk to produce cheese cultures.
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) NP 18:46
Most concentrated phosphate-based fertilizer. It is perfect for any agriculture crop to provide full phosphorus nutrition throughout crop growth and development, as well as a starter dose of nitrogen and low sulphur.
It can be applied in autumn for tilling and in spring during sowing, as well as for pre-sowing cultivation. Dissolving in soil, it provides temporary alkalization of pH of the soil solution around the fertilizer granule, thus stimulating better uptake of phosphorus from the fertilizers on acid soils. Fertilizer’s sulphur also contributes to the better intake of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants.

Advantages
Optimal fertilizer for winter cereals

Ensures good root system growth

High croppage

High-quality plant products

Application
Period: Autumn, Spring

Method: Broadcasting, During planting (of tubers)

Soils: All soils

Specifications
Grade    NP 18:46
pH    6.0–7.2
Granule strength    MPa min. 6
Granule composition    ≥95% Ø1–6 mm

Crops
Sugar beet
Perennial grasses
Grain corn
Silage corn
Oats
Rye
Barley
Potatoes
Sunflower
Soybeans
Rapeseed
Wheat

Diammonium Phosphate, DAP
DAP

Main company‘s activity is focused on production of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer Diammonium phosphate.

Nitrogen is an essential element required for plant development and growth, while phosphorus plays a crucial role in energy and nutrient metabolism, cell division and multiplication processes. Plants that are supplied with a sufficient amount of these elements are our main source of oxygen and food.

Balanced and chemically neutral Diammonium phosphate fertilizer containing no heavy metals and well soluble in water can be used to fertilize all types of soils, various outdoor crops, plants, and vegetable or flower gardens. Fertilizers may be used when digging or preparing the soil for sowing, during the sowing and planting process, and for additional fertilizing.

Chemical name
Diammonium phosphate

Crop Segments
All

Features
High analysis nitrogen and phosphorus contained in every granule.

Quality & Handling
Nominal 2-4mm size granule, free flowing product. Bulk density 0.9 tonnes per cubic metre.

Blending
Can be blended with most products and trace elements.