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DIAMMONUM PHOSPHATE


EC / List no.: 231-987-8
CAS no.: 7783-28-0
Mol. formula: H3N.1/2H3O4P


Diammonium phosphate (DAP; IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate; chemical formula (NH4)2(HPO4) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid. 
Solid diammonium phosphate shows a dissociation pressure of ammonia as given by the following expression and equation:

(NH4)2HPO4(s) ⇌ NH 3(g) + (NH4)H2PO4(s)
At 100 °C, the dissociation pressure of diammonium phosphate is approximately 5 mmHg.

According to the diammonium phosphate MSDS from CF Industries, Inc., decomposition starts as low as 70 °C: "Hazardous Decomposition Products: Gradually loses ammonia when exposed to air at room temperature. 
Decomposes to ammonia and monoammonium phosphate at around 70 °C (158 °F). 
At 155 °C (311 °F), DAP emits phosphorus oxides, nitrogen oxides and ammonia."


Uses
Diammonium phosphate is used as a fertilizer.
When applied as plant food, it temporarily increases the soil pH, but over a long term the treated ground becomes more acidic than before upon nitrification of the ammonium. 
Diammonium phosphate is incompatible with alkaline chemicals because its ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high-pH environment. 
The average pH in solution is 7.5–8.
The typical formulation is 18-46-0 (18% N, 46% P2O5, 0% K2O).

Diammonium phosphate can be used as a fire retardant. 
Diammonium phosphate lowers the combustion temperature of the material, decreases maximum weight loss rates, and causes an increase in the production of residue or char.
These are important effects in fighting wildfires as lowering the pyrolysis temperature and increasing the amount of char formed reduces that amount of available fuel and can lead to the formation of a firebreak. 
Diammonium phosphate is the largest component of some popular commercial firefighting products and is the ingredient in "fire retardant" cigarettes.

Diammonium phosphate is also used as a yeast nutrient in winemaking and mead-making; as an additive in some brands of cigarettes purportedly as a nicotine enhancer; to prevent afterglow in matches, in purifying sugar; as a flux for soldering tin, copper, zinc and brass; and to control precipitation of alkali-soluble and acid-insoluble colloidal dyes on wool.

Natural occurrence
The compound occurs in the nature as the exceedingly rare mineral phosphammite.
The related dihydrogen compound occurs as the mineral biphosphammite.
Both are related to guano deposits.


Chemical properties    
Diammonium Phosphate appears as colorless transparent monoclinic crystal or white powder, being soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, acetone and ammonia.


Uses    
(1) Diammonium phosphate is industrially used as feed additives, flame retardants and the ingredients of the fire extinguishing agent.
(2) Diammonium Phosphate can be used as analysis reagents and buffer
(3) Diammonium Phosphate is a widely applicable efficient fertilizer for vegetables, fruits, rice and wheat.
(4) Diammonium Phosphate can be used as water softeners; yeast foodstuffs, and so on.
(5) In the food industry, it can be used as food leavening agent, dough regulator, yeast food, brewing fermentation additives as well as being used as a buffer.
(6) Diammonium Phosphate can be used as ruminant feed additives.
(7) Diammonium Phosphate can be used for printing plate, medicine, fire prevention, electronic tubes.
(8) Fertilizer level is mainly used for high concentrations nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer. The industrial grade can be used for impregnation of wood and fabric to increase its durability; it can be used as dry powder fire extinguishing agent, fluorescent phosphor; also used for the manufacturing of printing plate, tube, ceramic and china, wastewater biochemical treatment; military use it as the flame retardants of rocket engine motor insulation materials.

Fireproofing textiles, paper, wood, and vegetable fibers; impregnating lamp wicks; preventing afterglow in matches; flux for soldering tin, copper, brass, and zinc; purifying sugar; in yeast cultures; in dentifrices; in corrosion inhibitors; in fertilizers.


Usage limit    
GB 2760-96: meat products, l g/kg; fruit and vegetable peeling, GMP.
US BATF (27CFR §240.1051,2000): in the wine production, it is used as yeast nutrients, 0.17%; sparkling wine products in the content of ≤ 0.8%.
GB 2760-96 provides it as allowable food processing aids; take GMP as limited.

Preparation    
(NH4)2HPO4 is made by reacting ammonia with phosphoric acid:
2NH3 + H3PO4 → (NH4)2HPO4.

Production method    
(1) The production of diammonium phosphate by the reaction of hot phosphoric acid and liquid ammonia or extraction of phosphoric acid and liquid ammonia is the major method of industrial production. 
The former has high purity and the process is simple. 
The latter utilizes wet extraction of phosphoric acid with low cost.
In the hot phosphoric acid neutralization liquid ammonium method (water: phosphoric acid = 1.3: 1) into dilute phosphoric acid. 
After metering, it is added into the enamel reaction tank with stirring and jacket. 
Under stirring, the ammonia gas is passed through the round tube ammonium distributor for neutralization reaction. 
Upon being neutralized until the reaction liquid Ph is between 8 and 9, filtered when it is hot, and then sent to the cooling crystallizer. 
After cooling and crystallization, the mother liquor is separated by centrifugation and then dried to obtain diammonium phosphate products. 
Its reaction equation:
H3PO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4) 2HPO4
The centrifuge separated mother liquor is sent into the separator for addition of ammonium sulfide in order to remove the iron. 
After filtering, the filtrate is concentrated, sent to the fine tuning tank, pass ammonia fine for tuning Ph to 8~9 and return to the cooling mold.
Phosphoric acid extraction and liquid ammonia neutralization method: adding a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide to oxidize the ferrous iron in the phosphoric acid solution. 
Send the phosphoric acid into the tubular reactor for neutralization with ammonia with the second reaction to making Ph of about 8.0. 
After the filtering by the frame filter, the filtrate is sent into the fine tuning tank to adjust Ph to 7.8~8 and sent into the evaporator to reach a relative density of 1.3, return back into the cooling mold. 
The cooled crystallization liquid further undergoes centrifugal separation and drying to obtain the finished product of diammonium hydrogen phosphate. 
Its reaction is:
H3PO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4) 2HPO4
The filtered residue is rinsed with water, and the lotion and the mother liquor are combined and sent to the storage tank of reaction liquid for acid regulation with the impurity being removed by filtration and recycled.
The washed residue, after drying, contains 35% phosphorus pentoxide and 5% ammonia, being a high-efficacy compound fertilizer.
(2) For the production of feed-purpose diammonium phosphate using wet phosphate as raw material, the production process demands a two-step defluorination, three-step amination and thermal decomposition with triammonium phosphate for obtaining the feed-purpose diammonium phosphate. 
Its production cost is lower than the method using yellow phosphorus as raw material.
Wet phosphoric acid method: send the extracted phosphate acid containing 20%~30% P2O5, 1.2%~2% F into the reaction device through the gas purification system, after three-step amination for make impurities form a precipitate that is easily removed by filtering. 
The precipitate is further separated through the filter press.
The filtrate is a diammonium phosphate solution containing P2O5 <15%, F0.4%, SO42-2.5%~3% and about 1% of solid suspension. 
In order to further remove the dissolved impurities and part of the solid suspension, the filtrate is sent to another reaction device for sending ammonia to saturation, and then put into the cooling crystallization device for cooling crystallization, leading to the formation of triammonium phosphate crystals. 
The crystal is separated from the mother liquor through a conical settling tank, and then is dehydrated by centrifugation, and the crystal is put into a boiling furnace and pyrolyzed into diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and dried to obtain diammonium phosphate dihydrate product for feed, the reaction equation is as follows:
H3PO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4) 2HPO4
(NH4) 2HPO4 + NH4OH → (NH) 43PO4 + H2O
(NH4) 3HPO4? 3H2O [70C]. (NH4) 2HPO4 + NH3 + 3H2O
The gas mixture containing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate dust and ammonia gas is subjecting to dust removal through cyclone separator, and then subject to wet phosphoric acid spray absorption in the scrubber.
(3) To the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution, slowly add concentrated ammonia to neutralize the reaction until pH 14 to obtain the triammonium phosphate solution, and then subject to cooling, crystallization, centrifugal separation and drying to obtain the final product.

Description    
Ammonium phosphates include mono- and diammonium orthophosphates and ammonium polyphosphates. 
As discussed below, these are made directly by reaction anhydrous ammonia with orthophosphoric acid or superphosphoric acid. 
Both are dry crystalline materials with good handling properties.

Agricultural Uses    
With excess ammonia, the technical grade of diammonium phosphate (DAP) contains 16 to 18% nitrogen and 20to 21 % phosphorus.
Diammonium Phosphate is an important fertilizer as well as an intermediate in the production of complex fertilizers and bulk blends.


Purification Methods    
Crystallise it from water (1mL/g) between 70o and 0o. Its solubility in H2O is 59% at room temperature and 200% at the boiling point. 
Diammonium Phosphate slowly evolves NH3 and should be stored in a well-stoppered container.
 After one crystallisation, ACS grade salt had Fe, Mo, Na, Se and Ti at 1, 0.2, 1.4, 0.2 and 0.8ppm, respectively.


Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus (P) fertilizer. 
Diammonium Phosphate is made from two common
constituents in the fertilizer industry and it is popular because of its relatively high nutrient content and its excellent
physical properties.

Production
Ammonium phosphate fertilizers first became available in the 1960s and Diammonium Phosphate rapidly became the most popular in this class of products. 
Diammonium Phosphate is formulated in a controlled reaction of phosphoric acid with ammonia, where the hot slurry is then cooled, granulated, and sieved. 
Diammonium Phosphate has excellent handling and storage properties. 
The standard grade of Diammonium Phosphate is 18-46-0 and fertilizer products with a lower nutrient content may not be labeled as Diammonium Phosphate.
The inputs required to produce one ton of Diammonium Phosphate fertilizer are approximately 1.5 to 2 tons of phosphate rock, 0.4 tons ofsulfur (S), to dissolve the rock, and 0.2 tons of ammonia. 
Changes in the supply or price of any of these inputs will impact Diammonium Phosphate prices and availability. 
The high nutrient content of Diammonium Phosphate is helpful in reducing handling, freight, and application costs.
Diammonium Phosphate is produced in many locations in the world and is a widely traded fertilizer commodity.


Agricultural Use
Diammonium Phosphate fertilizer is an excellent source of P and nitrogen (N) for plant nutrition. 
Diammonium Phosphate is highly soluble and thus dissolves quickly in soil to release plant-available phosphate and ammonium. 
A notable property of Diammonium Phosphate is the alkaline pH that develops around the dissolving granule.
As ammonium is released from dissolving Diammonium Phosphate granules, volatile ammonia can be harmful to seedlings and plant roots in immediate proximity. 
This potential damage is more common when the soil pH is greater than 7, a condition that commonly exists around the dissolving Diammonium Phosphate granule. 
To prevent the possibility of seedling damage, care should be taken to avoid placing high concentrations of Diammonium Phosphate near germinating seeds.
The ammonium present in Diammonium Phosphate is an excellent N source and will be gradually converted to nitrate by soil bacteria, resulting in a subsequent drop in pH. 
Therefore, the rise in soil pH surrounding Diammonium Phosphate granules is a temporary effect. 
This initial rise in soil pH neighboring Diammonium Phosphate can influence the micro-site reactions of phosphate and soil organic matter.

Management Practices
There are differences in the initial chemical reaction between various commercial P fertilizers in soil, but these dissimilarities become minor over time (within weeks or months) and are minimal as far as plant nutrition is concerned. 
Most field comparisons between Diammonium Phosphate and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) show only minor or no differences in plant growth and yield due to P source with proper management.

Non Agricultural Uses
Diammonium Phosphate is used in many applications as a fire retardant. 
For example, a mixture of Diammonium Phosphate and other ingredients can be spread in advance of the fire to prevent a forest from burning. 
Diammonium Phosphate then becomes a nutrient source after the danger of fire has passed.
Diammonium Phosphate is used in various industrial processes, such as metal finishing. 
Diammonium Phosphate is commonly added to wine to sustain yeast fermentation and to cheese to support cheese cultures.

Most concentrated phosphate-based fertilizer. 
Diammonium Phosphate is perfect for any agriculture crop to provide full phosphorus nutrition throughout crop growth and development, as well as a starter dose of nitrogen and low sulphur.
Diammonium Phosphate can be applied in autumn for tilling and in spring during sowing, as well as for pre-sowing cultivation. 
Dissolving in soil, it provides temporary alkalization of pH of the soil solution around the fertilizer granule, thus stimulating better uptake of phosphorus from the fertilizers on acid soils. 
Fertilizer’s sulphur also contributes to the better intake of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants.

Advantages
 Optimal fertilizer for winter cereals
 Ensures good root system growth
 High croppage
 High-quality plant products

Application
 Period: Autumn, Spring
 Method: Broadcasting, During planting (of tubers)
 Soils: All soils

Diammonium Phosphate is an inorganic phosphate, being the diammonium salt of phosphoric acid. 
The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 18-46-0 (N-P2O5-K2O) and is marketed under the name diammonium phosphate or Diammonium Phosphate. 
Diammonium Phosphate has a role as a fertilizer. 
Diammonium Phosphate is an inorganic phosphate and an ammonium salt.

Use and Manufacturing
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
• Inside the Home
• Landscaping/Yard
• Pesticides

Fireproofing textiles, paper, wood, and vegetable fibers; impregnating lamp wicks; preventing afterglow in matches; flux for soldering tin, copper, brass, and zinc; purifying sugar; in yeast cultures; in dentifrices; in corrosion inhibitors; in fertilizers.

A common fire-extinguishing ingredient in ABC-type dry-powder extinguishers ... 
Used as flame retardants for cellulosic materials, including plywood, papers, and fabrics, to prevent afterglow in matches and to control forest fires.

Industry Uses
 Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
 Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
 Flame retardants
 Pigments
 Processing aids, not otherwise listed
 Yeast nutrient for winemaking

Consumer Uses
 Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
 Building/construction materials - wood and engineered wood products
 Cleaning and furnishing care products
 Ink, toner, and colorant products
 Lawn and garden care products
 Non-TSCA use
 Water treatment products

Methods of Manufacturing
Diammonium phosphate /solutions/ ... have a high partial pressure of ammonia and the reaction is carried out in a two-stage reactor system in which the feed acid passes countercurrentwise to the flow of ammonia gas. 
Incoming acid reacts in the scrubber with ammonia from the main reactor and may also serve as a scrubber for dryer off-gases.

General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
 All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
 Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
 Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
 Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
 Wholesale and retail trade
 Wood product manufacturing

DAP [(NH4)2HPO4] is the world's most commonly used phosphorus fertilizer by growers today. Diammonium Phosphate is made from two common macronutrients (phosphate and nitrogen at 18N–46P2O5–0K2O content) and it is popular because of its relatively highest concentration of phosphate and nitrogen content coupled with its excellent physical properties.

Diammonium Phosphate fertilizer is an excellent source of P and N for plant nutrition. 
Diammonium Phosphate is highly soluble (588 g/L at 20°C) and thus dissolves quickly in soil to release plant-available phosphate and ammonium. 
A notable property of Diammonium Phosphate is the alkaline pH (7.5–8) that develops around the dissolving granule. 
As ammonium is released from dissolving Diammonium Phosphate granules, volatile ammonia can be harmful to seedlings and plant roots in immediate proximity. 
This potential damage is more common when the soil pH is greater than 7, a condition that commonly exists around the dissolving Diammonium Phosphate granule. 
To prevent the possibility of seedling damage, care should be taken to avoid placing high concentrations of Diammonium Phosphate near germinating seeds. 
The ammonium present in Diammonium Phosphate is an excellent N source and will be gradually converted to nitrate by soil bacteria, resulting in a subsequent drop in pH.
Therefore, the rise in soil pH surrounding Diammonium Phosphate granules is a temporary effect. 
This initial rise in soil pH neighboring Diammonium Phosphate can influence the microsite reactions of phosphate and soil organic matter.


Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) yeast nutrient improves the rate of yeast growth and prevents slow fermentations.
Principle Yeast needs a readily utilisable source of nitrogen. Low levels of nitrogen can cause the following symptoms;

-Long lag phase
-High pH
-Stuck fermentations

INFORMATION
Because of its nutrient composition, Diammonium Phosphate is also referred to as 18-46-0 in the trade. 
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is a highly water-soluble nitrogen phosphate used in a number of multi- component fertiliser mixtures as well as in directly applied compound fertilisers. 
Aside from Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP), it is the world’s most commonly used phosphate fertiliser, with annual production reaching almost 50 million mt. 
Phosphates are mined in the form of rock phosphate. 
Phosphates react with sulphuric acid to produce phosphoric acid, which in turn reacts with ammonia. 
This process converts the poorly water-soluble rock phosphate into a water-soluble phosphate fertiliser that is easily assimilated by plants. 
Diammonium Phosphate is a grey or beige-grey granular substance. 
Diammonium Phosphate is sometimes impregnated with a dust-suppressant oil, giving it a dark brown colouring.

FEATURES
• High analysis source of phosphorus.
• Diammonium Phosphate releases free ammonium. Nitrogen in the ammonium form resists leaching and is a slower release form of nitrogen.
• The free ammonium gives a higher pH reaction immediately around the granule.
• The low cost of nitrogen in Diammonium Phosphate makes it a cost effective source of nitrogen if phosphorus is also required

Di-ammonium Phosphate popularly known as DAP is a preferred fertilizer in India because it contains both Nitrogen and Phosphorus which are primary macro-nutrients and part of 18 essential plant nutrients.

Diammonium Phosphate (NH4)2HPO4: Fertilizer grade Diammonium Phosphate Contains 18% Nitrogen and 46% Phosphorus (P2O5).. 
Diammonium Phosphate is manufactured by reacting Ammonia with Phosphoric acid under controlled conditions in fertilizer plants.

Soil Testing: 
For efficient use of this fertilizer, soil must be tested for nitrogen and phosphorus content in order to determine the required amount of Diammonium Phosphate.

Basal Dose: 
Diammonium Phosphate is the best suited fertilizer for basal dose as through this we can apply full dose of phosphorus and one-third to half dose of nitrogen.
Remaining dosage of nitrogen can be applied through splits of urea at other stages of crop .
So Diammonium Phosphate gives the best combination with urea fertilizer. 
Diammonium Phosphate is also the best fertilizer for pulses where less nitrogen and higher phosphorus is needed as starter dose.

Placement of Diammonium Phosphate: 
Since phosphorus is immobile in soil, its source (Diammonium Phosphate) should be placed at a distance where plant roots can easily reach. 
Improper application of Diammonium Phosphate may cause seedling injury due to release of ammonia. 
Diammonium Phosphate should be placed below seed, slightly to one side.

Soil Amendments: Nitrogen as well as phosphorus, give best results in neutral soils. 
But in case of alkaline, volatilization losses of ammonia are higher. 
So nitrogen use efficiency is reduced. Similarly excessive presence of calcium in alkaline soils, makes complexes with phosphorus and ultimately results in poor phosphorus recovery. 
So bringing soil pH to neutral by adding gypsum and leaching can only improve N and P use efficiency of Diammonium Phosphate.
In acidic soils, problem ions like Fe, AI and Mn become more active and form complexes with phosphorus. 
Again P use efficiency is reduced. Nitrogen use is not affected much by acidity. 
Addition of lime (CaCo3) to acidic soils brings soil pH to neutral. 
Thus P use efficiency is improved.

Properties
Diammonium Phosphate is a very popular fertilizer because of its excellent physical properties and nutrient content. 
Diammonium Phosphate is free flowing, dust-free and does not normally give any storage problem. 
Diammonium Phosphate is almost water-soluble and ultimately leaves acid effect on soils because of ammonia (NH4) it contains. 
Diammonium Phosphate on incorporation into soil, reacts with water and gets converted into HPO4 and NH4. 
Ammonium (NH4) follows the same routes as in case of urea. 
Phosphorus in Diammonium Phosphate is present in best available from (HPO4). 
Depending upon the soil reaction (pH), phosphorus exists in 3 forms which can be absorbed by plant roots. 
These are HPO4, H2PO4 and PO4. Phosphorus, which is immobile in soil, is not subjected to leaching losses.

Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is a compound fertiliser used widely in the agricultural industry. 
Diammonium Phosphate is more commonly referred to as Diammonium Phosphate. 
Diammonium Phosphate is a granular fertiliser which can be applied direct or used as part of a blend.
Diammonium Phosphate is produced combining ammonia phosphoric acid with ammonia.

What is the analysis of DAP?
Diammonium Phosphate contains 18% Nitrogen and 46% Phosphorus pentoxide.


About Diammonium Phosphate
Helpful information
Diammonium Phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 000 to < 10 000 000 tonnes per annum.

Diammonium Phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Diammonium Phosphate is used in the following products: fertilisers and plant protection products.
Release to the environment of Diammonium Phosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Other release to the environment of Diammonium Phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Article service life
Release to the environment of Diammonium Phosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and in the production of articles.
Other release to the environment of Diammonium Phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints), indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Diammonium Phosphate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys).
Widespread uses by professional workers
Diammonium Phosphate is used in the following products: fertilisers and plant protection products.
Diammonium Phosphate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Other release to the environment of Diammonium Phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Formulation or re-packing
Diammonium Phosphate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, fertilisers, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes, coating products, polymers, pharmaceuticals and leather treatment products.
Diammonium Phosphate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Diammonium Phosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials and as processing aid.
Uses at industrial sites
Diammonium Phosphate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes, fuels, leather treatment products and pharmaceuticals.
Diammonium Phosphate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Diammonium Phosphate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Diammonium Phosphate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products, textile, leather or fur, food products, rubber products, plastic products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Release to the environment of Diammonium Phosphate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, manufacturing of the substance and formulation in materials.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of Diammonium Phosphate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation of mixtures and as processing aid.


Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is the most widely used phosphate fertilizer among growers today.
When applied as plant food, it temporarily increases the soil pH, but over a long term the treated ground becomes more acidic than before upon nitrification of the ammonium. 
Diammonium Phosphate is incompatible with alkaline chemicals because its ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high-pH environment.
The average pH in solution is 7.5–8

Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) from Diamond Fertilisers is a compound fertiliser used widely in the agricultural industry. 
Diammonium Phosphate is more commonly referred to as Diammonium Phosphate. 
Diammonium Phosphate is produced combining ammonia phosphoric acid with ammonia. Diammonium Phosphate contains 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphorus pentoxide. 
Diammonium Phosphate is a granular fertiliser which can be applied direct or used as part of a blend.
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is used to stimulate yeast growth especially as used as an addition to yeast starters and wines lacking in natural nutrients such as white wines or as a yeast nutrient for mead brewing.    
Some winemakers add Diammonium Phosphate to every fermentation.

Uses
One of the major cropping fertilisers used in Australia as a source of both phosphorus and nitrogen. The high phosphorus content makes it a true high analysis fertiliser. 
Diammonium Phosphate and blends of Diammonium Phosphate are used on a range of crops in broad-acre farming, cereals, sugar cane, sowing pastures, dairy pastures, fodder crops and also in horticultural crops; for example, vegetables and tree crops.

Storage & Handling
Does tend to take up moisture, both in storage and in the field.
Storage in a bulk shed is the preferred storage method. Covering with a tarp may reduce any moist air uptake.
The use of augers may damage the fertiliser and increase any handling problems.
Do not leave exposed to moist air.
Either fill or empty (completely), the drill or air-seeder fertiliser box overnight.
Cover seeding equipment with a tarp.
Raise the equipment tynes from the soil to stop moisture moving up the tubes.

What is Diammonium Phosphate?
Diammonium Phosphate is a water-soluble inorganic phosphate salt, mostly used in the baking industry as a synergistic ingredient in breadmaking. Incorporation of of the salt is helpful for:

 Providing phosphorus and nitrogen, vital nutrients for yeast cells
 Enhancing growth of yeast cells
 Helping yeasts to absorb other micronutrients
 Speeding up fermentation reactions (enhancing metabolic production, e.g., carbon dioxide and alcohol)
 Controlling pH of sponge doughs, due to its buffer nature
 Strengthening and conditioning dough mixtures


Function
In the first stages of dough fermentation, it is essential to provide micronutrients for yeast cells. 
The goal is to enhance the growth of yeast cells (biomass) rather than pursue the rapid production of primary metabolic products (e.g., carbon dioxide and alcohol).

Certain trace elements like phosphorus, magnesium, and others are required by the yeast cells to assure optimal growth during fermentation because they act as cofactors in many enzymatic reactions and participate in all phases of of the metabolism of the yeasts.

Another key factor in yeast fermentations is nitrogen, that is, the amino acid level in the dough liquid phase. 
Here, the level of assimilable nitrogen can be increased by the addition of Diammonium Phosphate.

Nutrition
Due to its inorganic nature, Diammonium Phosphate has no nutritive value for humans. The acceptable daily intake for humans of phosphoric acid (in the form of DAP) is up to 70 mg/kg body weight.4

Application
The optimal level of Diammonium Phosphate as a nutritive ingredient for yeasts can be in the range of 10–20 ppm. Specific amounts can vary depending on the yeast strain used in each bakery, process requirements, and the formulations set.4

The following are a few conditions to take into account when using Diammonium Phosphate:

Diammonium Phosphate is usually sold as a white particulate “crystal like” material, with a purity higher than 99%.
Diammonium Phosphate should be stored along with non-allergenic powdered ingredients.
Diammonium Phosphate usually sells in a 12.5 kg bag.
As a micro ingredient, it can be incorporated into the formulation by premixing with process water.


Diammonium Phosphate is the world's most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. 
It's made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries.


Commonly known as DAP, Diammonium Phosphate is manufactured by reacting 1 mole of phosphoric acid (produced from mined phosphate rock) with 2 moles of ammonia; the resulting slurry is solidified into a granular form.

Properties:
Water soluble
Varying shades of brown
Advantages:

Provides a source of phosphorus in phosphate form, accompanied by a higher nitrogen content than MAP.
Nitrogen is in ammonium form, which is readily-available for plant uptake.
Higher solubility than MAP
Drawbacks:

Produces a higher localized pH in the soil than MAP, which can hinder seed germination and nutrient uptake under certain soil conditions.
Greater potential for nitrogen loss than MAP when surface-applied
Application methods:
broadcast (surface-applied) or banded (adjacent to the seedbed)
Used most commonly in blends with varying combinations of N, K and micronutrients

Diammonium phosphate, or DAP, is a base form of ammonia that originally was added to cigarettes to improve smoke flavor. It is commonly used in commercial cigarettes to freebase nicotine, among other functions.

American cigarette makers, including Philip Morris (PM), have used ammonia in their manufacturing processes for decades, to "puff up" tobacco and increase its volume, highlight certain flavors, help hold together reconstituted tobacco sheet and reduce the amount of nicotine. 
Lesser known is that tobacco companies use ammonia to "freebase" the nicotine in smoke, essentially turning it into "crack nicotine."
Freebase nicotine is absorbed by the body more quickly and easily, resulting in a faster, harder "kick" after lighting up. 
Using ammonia has allowed tobacco companies to lower the tar and nicotine levels in cigarettes while still keeping smokers addicted, a strategy developed to deal with the health fears surrounding cigarettes. 
PM was the first to use "ammonia technology," applying it to Marlboros in the 1960s. 
After the change, Marlboro zoomed from a minor brand to a runaway market success, causing other cigarette makers to scramble to discover PM's "secret." 
After PM was accused of intentionally manipulating the nicotine deliveries of its cigarettes, the company pointed to all the other uses for ammonia to defend itself against the charge.

In 1962, Philip Morris did a study that revealed that DAP-containing cigarettes delivered 0.57 mg of nicotine per cigarette versus 0.44 mg in untreated tobaccos. 
Since the company was aware of the increasing demand for low-nicotine cigarettes, Philip Morris later used its patented "DAP-BL" process to give its low-tar, low-nicotine Merit brand an advantage over its competitors. 
Merit cigarettes boasted a total nicotine yield (measured by Federal Trade Commission machines) only half of that found in Marlboros, but still managed to make available the same amount of free nicotine to smokers (about 0.33 mg in both instances).

Diammonium Phosphate is a salt used to invigorate yeast and add vital nutrients to yeast starters and wines; such as wines and meads. 
Today often used to prevent the build up of carbonic acid in hard seltzer.

The chemical formula for Diammonium Phosphate is (NH4)2HPO4). 

Diammonium Phosphate is the abbreviation for di-ammonium phosphate, a widely used fertiliser that is manufactured overseas and imported into New Zealand.

Diammonium Phosphate is made by reacting phosphoric acid with ammonia under controlled conditions. 
The resulting material is granulated and sieved to produce a consistent product that has many applications in pastoral and arable farming.

Product Benefits
An ideal starter fertiliser for a wide range of crops
Suitable for use as a general maintenance or capital fertiliser in pastoral settings
Provides water-soluble phosphate, which is immediately available for plant uptake
Formulated as a standalone fertiliser, but may be blended with selected products
May be broadcast or drilled

Diammonium phosphate or DAP for short is a widely used Yeast Nutrient in Brewing, Cider, Mead, Winemaking and Hard Seltzer. 
DAP delivers valuable nitrogen and phosphate to yeast cells. 
Wort is generally rich in nitrogen, but a little supplementation can help high-gravity beers complete fermentation. 
Phosphates also help ensure smooth fermentation of worts that contain large portions of non-malt adjuncts.

DAP (diammonium phosphate) is a major source of nitrogen for low-malt or sugar-rich mashes and washes. Recommended to add the dose in stages during the first half of fermentation. DAP stimulates fermentation rate, so if too much is added at once, the yeast may ferment too fast and too hot.

Diammonium phosphate is an inorganic source of nutrients. 
It provides 210 parts per million (ppm) of YAN per gram per liter of must. 
Thus, 1 gram (0.3 oz) of DAP in a liter (1.06 qt) of must will give you 210 ppm of YAN.  
Just be careful not to use too much.

Should be added at beginning of fermentation, but could be added towards the end of a slow or stuck fermentation.

This yeast nutrient is pure Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). 
Most fermentable sugar sources used in Cider, Perry or Mead are generally deficient in the essential nutrients for good yeast metabolism and a yeast nutrient of some sort is required. 
Nitrogen is one such element and DAP is a readily assimilable source.


IUPAC NAMES: 
Ammoniu´m phoshate dibasic
DAP
DAPDiammonium Phosphate
di-Ammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
Di-ammonium phosphate
Di-Ammonium Phosphate
Di-Ammonium phosphate
Di-ammonium Phosphate
Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP)
di-Amonio Hidrógeno Fosfato
diammonium hydroganorthophosphate
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
diammonium hydrogen phosphate
diammonium hydrogen sulfate
DIAMMONIUM HYDROGENORTHOPHOSPHATE
Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
Diammonium hydrogenortophosphate
Diammonium Phosphate
Diammonium phosphate
Diammonium Phosphate
Diammonium phosphate
diammonium phosphate
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)
Diammonium phosphate, DAP
diammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, DAP
Diammoniumhydrogenorthophosphat
Diammoniumhydrogenorthophosphate
Diammoniumphosphat
diazanium hydrogen phosphate
diazanium hydrogenphosphate
diazanium;hydrogen phosphate
hidrogen phosphate d'ammonium
iammonium hydrogen phosphate
Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
tetraossoidrogenofosfato di diazano

SYNONYMS: 
SEC-AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE
SEC AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS ICP STANDARD
phos-chek202
phos-chek259
phosphatedibasiqued’ammonium
Phosphoricacid,diammoniumsalt
secondaryammoniumphosphate
AMMoniuM phosphate, dibasic, 99%, for biocheMistry
DI-AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE FOR ANALY
AMMoniuM phosphate, dibasic, 98+%, ACS reagent
AMMoniuM phosphate, dibasic, for analysis ACS, 98+% 500GR
AMMoniuM phosphate dibasic >=99.99% trace Metals basis
ANTI-DNPEP (N-TERM) antibody produced in rabbit
Aspartyl aminopeptidase
ASPEP
DNPEP
Anti-Amylin, N-Terminal antibody produced in rabbit
di-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate GR Ph
Ammonium phosphate dibasic ACS reagent, >=98%
Ammonium phosphate dibasic puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99% (alkalimetric)
Ammonium phosphate dibasic puriss., meets analytical specification of NF, 99-102%
Ammonium phosphate dibasic reagent grade, >=98.0%
Ammonium phosphate dibasic Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
ammonium hydrogen phosphate, acs
ammonium hydrogen phosphate, tech.
ammonium phosphate dibasic solution
diammonium phosphate solution
phosphorus standard for icp
AMMONIUMPHOSPHATE,GRANULAR,NF
AMMONIUMPHOSPHATEDIBASIC,BIOTECHGRADE
AMMONIUMPHOSPHATEDIBASIC,CRYSTAL,REAGENT,ACS
AMMONIUMPHOSPHATEDIBASIC,TECHNICAL
AMMONIUMPHOSPHATEDIBASIC,TECHNICAL(BULK
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Dibasic ACS EMD
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic, for analysis, 99+%
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC BIO-REFINED
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC REAGENT (ACS)
Diammoniumhydrogenorthophosphat
Diammonium Orthopghosphate
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC extrapure AR
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate, Matrix Modifier Solution, Specpure
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate, tech., P2O6 53% min
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic, ACS, 98.0% min
diammonium hydrophosphate
Ammonium phosphate dibasic solution, Diammonium phosphate solution
Ammonium hydrogenphosphate solution
Ammonium hydrogenphosphate, matrix modifier solution
Ammonium hydrogenphosphate, di-Ammonium hydrogenphosphate (sec), Diammonium hydrogenphosphate
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate,industrial grade
DI-AMMONIUM HYDROG.PHOSPH.
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE 2BAS XTL
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, BIO-REFINEDAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, BIO-REFINEDAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, BIO-REFINEDAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, BIO-REFINED
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, REAGENT (ACS)AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, REAGENT (ACS)AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, REAGENT (ACS)
Ammonium hydrogenphosphate, matrix modifier solution - 40% (w/v) in H2O
ammoniummonohydrogenorthophosphate
diammonium
diammoniumacidphosphate

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