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Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) appears as a clear to pale yellow oily liquid and is known for its catalytic properties in chemical reactions, especially in the production of polyurethanes, silicones, and esters.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is a dibutyltin(IV) ester of lauric acid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is an organotin compound that consists of a tin atom bonded to two butyl groups and two laurate (dodecanoate) groups, making it a metal-organic coordination complex widely used in various industrial applications.
CAS Number: 77-58-7
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 631.56
EINECS Number: 201-039-8
Synonyms: Dibutyltin dilaurate, 77-58-7, Butynorate, Davainex, Tinostat, Di-n-butyltin dilaurate, Stanclere DBTL, Dibutyltin laurate, Stabilizer D-22, Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin, TVS Tin Lau, T 12 (catalyst), Dibutylbis(laurato)tin, Ongrostab BLTM, Dibutyltin didodecanoate, Stavinor 1200 SN, Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate, Fomrez sul-4, Thermolite T 12, Dibutylstannylene dilaurate, Kosmos 19, Therm chek 820, Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat, Mark 1038, Neostann U 100, Cata-Chek 820, Lankromark LT 173, TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE, Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane, Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-, Laustan-B, Dibutylstannium dilaurate, Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-, TVS-TL 700, Laudran di-n-butylcinicity, Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-, Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-, Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt, Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate, TN 12 (catalyst), Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv., Stavincor 1200 SN, Mark BT 11, Mark BT 18, Butyl norate, Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-, KS 20, TN 12, Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane, Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate), Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane, Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv., Stabilizer D 22, Dibutyltin dillaurate, Metacure T-12, CCRIS 4786, Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German], DXR 81, DTXSID6024961, Dabco T-12, di-n-Butylin dilaurate, HSDB 5214, Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech], NSC 2607, SM 2014C, EINECS 201-039-8, ADK STAB BT-11, Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl, Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-, UNII-L4061GMT90, AI3-26331, DTXCID404961, Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative, Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester, L4061GMT90, Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane, NSC-2607, Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane, Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane, Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative, EC 201-039-8, DIBUTYL-ZINN-DILAURAT (GERMAN), 201-039-8, LAUDRAN DI-N-BUTYLCINICITY (CZECH), Laudran, Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv, LaustanB, Fomrez sul4, Stabilizer D22, Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv, Dinbutyltin dilaurate, CataChek 820, Dibutyltin ndodecanoate, STANN BL, Laudran dinbutylcinicity, Dibutyltin dilauric acid, UN2788 (liquid), UN3146 (solid), ADVASTAB T 12P, METACURE T 12, SCAT 1, STAVINOR 1200SN, ADK STAB BT 11, Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy), STANN SB 430A, DABCO T 12, MEISTER ZL 4401, CAT 11 (CATALYST), Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane, TVSTL 700, FASCAT 4202, BL 42A, CAT 11, TVS-TL 800, Tin, dinbutyl, di(dodecanoate), Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl, Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy), Bis(lauroyloxy)di(nbutyl)stannane, DIBUTYLBIS(LAUROYLOXY) TIN, Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)dinbutyl, Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) dinbutyl, Stannane, dibutylbis((1oxododecyl)oxy), TL 1000, dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl dodecanoate, Dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)-oxy) stannane, U 100, bt 18, dbtdl, desmorapid z, dibutyltin dilaurate [green book], dibutyltin dilaurate [hsdb], dibutyltin dilaurate [mi], dibutyltindilaurate, dibutylzinndilaurat, dodecanoic acid 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester, stanclere tl, tl-10, ukldjprmsdwdsl-uhfffaoysa-l, DBTL, [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate, T 12, dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate, MFCD00008963, dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester, NCGC00166115-01, CAS-77-58-7, T 12 (VAN), Tin, di(dodecanoate), Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%, NSC2607, Tox21_112324, Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #, AKOS028109931, Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade, Tox21_112324_1, Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM), WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11, NCGC00166115-02, FD165660, Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn), NS00074336, E78905, A839138, DBTDL, Aids010213, Aids-010213, Ditin butyl dilaurate(dibutyl bis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-Stannane), dibutyltin(IV) dodecanoate, Two dibutyltin dilaurate, The two butyltintwo lauricacid, Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups coordinated to a tin(IV) atom.
The coordination geometry at the tin center is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) functions effectively as a catalyst in the formation of urethane linkages between isocyanates and polyols, which is a critical step in manufacturing flexible foams, adhesives, sealants, coatings, and elastomers.
Its low volatility and high reactivity make it ideal for processes that require precise control over reaction rates.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is also used in transesterification reactions, silicone cross-linking, and condensation of silanol groups, especially in the rubber and sealant industries.
Despite its usefulness, Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) must be handled with care due to its toxicological profile and potential environmental hazards, which have prompted the development of less toxic alternatives in recent years.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL), with the chemical formula C32H64O4Sn, is a widely used organotin compound that appears as a clear, viscous oily liquid at room temperature.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is synthesized by reacting dibutyltin oxide with lauric acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
The result is a lipophilic tin carboxylate ester that is soluble in many organic solvents but sparingly soluble in water.
From a chemical perspective, the molecule is made up of a tin atom bonded to two butyl groups and two laurate (dodecanoate) ester moieties.
This structural composition imparts both hydrophobicity and catalytic properties, making it suitable for reactions where moisture sensitivity or hydrolytic stability is a concern.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL)s thermal stability, non-volatility, and moderate solubility in organic systems make it particularly advantageous for high-temperature and long-duration processes.
In polyurethane manufacturing, Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) functions as a gelation and crosslinking catalyst.
It promotes the formation of urethane linkages by accelerating the reaction between isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH).
This reaction is central to the production of polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
The presence of Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) ensures consistent curing, improved film formation, and controlled reaction rates — critical factors for both industrial-scale and precision applications.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterication reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is an important PU catalyst for catalyzing the reaction of carboxyl groups with isocyanates.
It is also widely used in PU related products such as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers and so on.
Effectively promote the chain growth, speed up the curing process.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) can also applied to PU soft and rigid foam, use with tertiary amine can improve the balance of foam and gel efficiency.
Melting point: 22–24 °C
Boiling point: >204 °C/12 mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg (160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471 (lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30 °C
Solubility: <1.43 mg/L
Form: Oily Liquid
Color: Clear pale yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Water solubility: <0.1 g/100 mL at 20 °C
Freezing point: 8 °C
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m³; STEL 0.2 mg/m³ (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m³; TWA 0.1 mg/m³
Stability: Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is also applied as a catalyst in the synthesis of esters through transesterification and esterification reactions, especially in the coatings and plasticizer industries.
Furthermore, it facilitates silicone crosslinking reactions, often used in the production of RTV (room-temperature vulcanizing) silicones, which are used in sealants, mold-making, and encapsulants.
Its catalytic activity, chemical stability, and compatibility with various substrates make it a versatile additive, but its usage is increasingly regulated.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is recognized as toxic to humans and aquatic organisms, with concerns regarding organ toxicity and potential endocrine-disrupting effects.
Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, and chronic exposure has been associated with adverse effects on the immune and reproductive systems.
Due to these concerns, alternatives with a better environmental and safety profile are being actively developed and adopted in some applications.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) has developed a number of modied varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is toxic materials.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is a powerful multifunctional catalyst with extensive industrial importance, but also a substance requiring careful handling and regulation due to its potential hazards.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn(CH2CH2CH2CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is a metal-organic compound where tin (Sn) is coordinated with two butyl groups and two lauric acid residues (dodecanoates).
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) falls under the category of organotin carboxylates, and it is one of the most widely used tin-based catalysts in the chemical industry.
It is usually encountered as a clear, pale yellow to amber-colored oily liquid, with a relatively low melting point (around 22–24°C) and a boiling point above 200°C under reduced pressure.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is most famous for its role as a high-efficiency catalyst in the production of polyurethanes, where it accelerates the reaction between isocyanates and polyols to form urethane bonds.
This is critical in manufacturing flexible and rigid foams, elastomers, adhesives, sealants, and coatings.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) allows for better control over curing times and improves the final product’s mechanical and thermal properties.
Uses:
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
It is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
It is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterication and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulde pollution, no adverse eects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the uidity of the resin material.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is extensively used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethanes, especially in the manufacturing of foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) accelerates the reaction between isocyanate groups and hydroxyl compounds, which is a crucial step in forming polyurethane polymers.
Without Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL), these reactions would proceed too slowly or unevenly, affecting the quality and performance of the final product.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) plays a vital role in the curing of room-temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubbers, particularly in one-component moisture-curing systems.
It facilitates the condensation of silanol groups, allowing silicone sealants to harden into rubber-like materials.
These are widely used in construction joints, electronics encapsulation, and automotive applications.
In the paints and coatings industry, Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) acts as a crosslinking agent in alkyd resins, helping to cure and harden the film upon exposure to air.
This improves durability, gloss, and chemical resistance in decorative and industrial coatings.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is also used in transesterification and esterification reactions, particularly in plasticizers and polyester synthesis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL)s presence allows these reactions to proceed more efficiently under milder conditions, making it valuable in resin and polymer production.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) can act as a heat stabilizer for PVC, helping to prevent the degradation of the polymer during processing.
It is especially useful in rigid PVC formulations, such as those used in pipes, window frames, and profiles.
Due to its strong catalytic properties, Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is incorporated into industrial adhesives and sealants to enhance the bonding strength and curing speed.
This makes it suitable for use in automotive assembly, construction, and electronics.
While limited by toxicity concerns, Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) has niche applications in biomedical materials research, especially in areas exploring polyurethane-based implants and drug delivery systems, though safer alternatives are often preferred in these contexts.
Hazards and toxicity:
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) can be absorbed through the skin.
It irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
It is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers, and it is combustible.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke when burned, which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Moreover, its vapor is much denser than air (21.8 times so), so it can spread on floors, resulting in explosive conditions or asphyxiation hazards.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) is known to be corrosive or irritating to the skin and eyes upon direct contact.
Even low concentrations can cause redness, burning, and inflammation. Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to dermatitis, especially in occupational settings where proper protective equipment is not used.
Inhalation of Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) vapors or aerosols can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, leading to coughing, shortness of breath, and throat discomfort.
At higher exposures, it may affect lung function and lead to inflammation of the mucous membranes, especially if handled in poorly ventilated areas.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) can act as a sensitizer, meaning repeated exposure may cause individuals to develop allergic skin or respiratory reactions.
These can manifest as rashes, itching, or asthma-like symptoms, even at low levels, especially in sensitized individuals.
