DICYANDIAMIDE

DICYANDIAMIDE

Dicyandiamide (DICY) is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of cyanoguanidine. 
The chemical is the dimer of cyanamide or cyanoguanidine, which is mainly used in the production of melamine. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives.

CAS: 461-58-5
European Community (EC) Number: 207-312-8

IUPAC Name: 2-cyanoguanidine
Molecular Weight: 84.08 g/mol
Molecular Formula: NH2(NH)CNHCN
C2H4N4

Dicyandiamide (DICY) is a nitrile derived from guanidine. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is a dimer of cyanamide, from which it can be prepared. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol, but not nonpolar organic solvents.

Commonly known as dicyandiamide, the white crystalline compound is the dimer for cyanamide or for cyanoguanidine.

Dicyandiamide (DICY) is produced by treating cyanamide with base. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is produced in soil by decomposition of cyanamide. 
A variety of useful compounds are produced from Dicyandiamide (DICY), guanidines and melamine. 
For example, acetoguanamine and benzoguanamine are prepared by condensation of cyanoguanidine with the nitrile:

(H2N)2C=NCN + RCN → (CNH2)2(CR)N3

Cyanoguanidine is also used as a slow fertilizer. 
Formerly, it was used as a fuel in some explosives. 
It is used in the adhesive industry as a curing agent for epoxy resins.

Dicyandiamide (DICY) is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) has a role as a curing agent, a flame retardant, a fertilizer, an explosive and a nitrification inhibitor. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is a member of guanidines and a nitrile.

Dicyandiamide (DICY) is produced from the polymerization of cyanamide in the presence of a base. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is typically pure white crystals, stable when dry and soluble in liquid ammonia. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is partly soluble in hot water. Dicyandiamide is non-flammable.

Dicyandiamide is often used as a curing agent for epoxies and as a used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.

Another popular use of Dycyandiamide (DICY) is a flame retardant additive in the paper and textile industries.

Dicyandiamide can be used as a slow release fertilizer. 
Dycandiamide also finds applications in the adhesive industry, powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications.

Dicyandiamide crystals melt at 210° C, and are soluble in water and alcohol. 
Other uses for the compound are in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, oil well drilling muds, pharmaceuticals, and dyestuffs.

Dicyandiamide (DICY or DCD), also known as Cyanoguanidine, is a non-hazardous, non-volatile, white crystalline powder with the molecular formula of C2H4N4 and CAS number 461-58-5.

Dicyandiamde (DICY) is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of cyanoguanidine. 
The chemical is the dimer of cyanamide or cyanoguanidine, which is mainly used in the production of melamine. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives.

Dicyandiamide is commonly used for the curing of epoxy resins.
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is a nitrification inhibitor that is said to be capable of reducing nitrate (NO3-) leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from grazed pasture soils.

Sources/Uses
• Used as a curing agent (epoxy resins)
• flotation depressant (copper ores)
• intumescent paint ingredient
• electrostatic powder coating ingredient
• plasticizer (starch adhesives)
• fertilizer additive
• nitrocellulose stabilizer
• antioxidant (fats and oils)
• fire-proofing compound
• case-hardening additive
• cleaning and soldering compound
• thinner for oil-well drilling muds
• detergent stabilizer
• and starch modifier; 
Also used in dye-stuffs and explosives

Experimental Properties

Physical Description: Dry Powder; Liquid; Other Solid; Pellets or Large Crystals; Pellets or Large Crystals, Liquid
Color / Form: MONOCLINIC PRISMATIC CRYSTALS FROM WATER OR ALCOHOL
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: 209.5 °C
Density: 1.400 at 25 °C/4 °C
Vapor Pressure: 0.000171 [mmHg]
Heat of Combustion: -1382 kJ/mol at 25 °C

Applications
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is an intermediate for melamine production and is the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers, fireproofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.

Dicyandiamide is a nitrogen-based molecule (66% by weight) with high reactivity that is used in a wide variety of applications across multiple industries. 

Applications include:

• Flame retardant additive in timer, paper, and textile industries
• Slow/continuous release nitrogen fertilizer
• Hardener/curing agent in Epoxy resins
• Powder coatings
• Dielectric coatings
• Adhesives
• Water treatment chemicals
• Dye fixing
• Pharmaceutical applications
• Stabilizer compound for PVC flooring
• Floatation depressant in copper ores

Fertilizer Applications:
Dicyandiamide is used in fertilizer formulations as a slow/continuous release nitrogen source. 
There are two major ways in which nitrogen is lost from soil – denitrification and leeching. 
Denitrification is loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Leeching is when nitrogen is washed from soil through rain or irrigation. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) has been shown to prevent nitrogen loss through both leeching and de-nitrification in soil. 
This helps reduce the negative effects of greenhouse gas emission such as nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching into waterways.

Two tautomeric forms exist, differing in the protonation and bonding of the nitrogen to which the nitrile group is attached.

Dicyandiamide (DICY) can also exist in a zwitterionic form via a formal acid–base reaction among the nitrogens.

Loss of ammonia (NH3) from the zwitterionic form, followed by deprotonation of the remaining central nitrogen atom, gives the dicyanamide anion, [N(CN)2]−.

Industry Uses

• Adhesives and sealant chemicals
• Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
• Bleaching agent
• Catalyst
• Dye
• Hardener
• Intermediate
• Intermediates
• Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
• Plasticizers
• Process regulators
• Processing aids, not otherwise listed
• Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses

• Adhesives and sealant chemicals
• Hardener
• Intermediates
• Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Dicyandiamide is used as a slow release fertilizer. 
In the adhesive industry, Dicyandiamide is used as a curing agent for epoxies. 
Dicyandiamide is also used as a flame retardant additive in paper and textile industries. 
Additional applications include use in powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications. 
Dicyandiamide is also used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.

Dicyandiamde (DICY) is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of cyanoguanidine. 
The chemical is the dimer of cyanamide or cyanoguanidine, which is mainly used in the production of melamine. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is readily soluble in water, alcohol and diethyl ether.

APPLICATIONS
• Dicyandiamide (DICY) is an intermediate for melamine production and is the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins.
• Dicyandiamide (DICY) is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers, fireproofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.
• Dicyandiamide (DICY) is also used as a slow fertilizer.
• Formerly, Dicyandiamide (DICY) was used as a fuel in some explosives

The big advantage of Dicyandiamide (DICY) is that it is extremely reactive but nevertheless non-hazardous, and because of this it is used in a wide variety of applications. 
The largest application field is as a synthetic component for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s), inter alia for the manufacture of the type II anti-diabetes drug Metformin. 
Another major application field is the hot-curing of epoxy resins for industrial applications, and in recent years Dicyandiamide has a growing importance as a nitrogen stabiliser for agicultural fertilisers. 

Dicyandiamide (also known as cyanoguanidine or DCD) is a versatile chemical with a wide range of applications. 
Dicyandiamide (DICY) is a highly reactive nitrile that is non-hazardous. 
Key uses of Dicyandiamide are as a curing agent for epoxy resins and as a flameproofing agent for timber and fibreglass insulation.

Dicyandiamide Applications:

Dicyandiamide is an important technical product with a large number of uses. 
Some of its applications include:

• Slow release nitrogen fertiliser & nitrification inhibitor.
• Hardener/ curing agent in heat-cured epoxy resins. 
• Dielectric coatings.
• Used in the production of gunpowder.
• Flame retardant additive e.g. in wood treatment and fibreglass insulation.
• Dye fixing agent for textiles, such as cotton.
• Pharmaceutical ingredient.
• Process chemical for paper sizing. 
• Water treatment chemical as highly efficient flocculant.
• Electronic potting & encapsulating compounds.
• Powder coatings.

SYNONYMS:

Dicyandiamide
CYANOGUANIDINE
461-58-5
Dicyanodiamide
2-Cyanoguanidine
N-Cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanoguanidine
Guanidine, cyano-
Pyroset DO
Dicyandiamido
Dicyandiamin
Epicure DICY 7
Epicure DICY 15
Araldite HT 986
Bakelite VE 2560
Araldite XB 2879B
Araldite XB 2979B
Dicy
ACR-H 3636
XB 2879B
Guanidine-1-carbonitrile
NSC 2031
Guanidine, N-cyano-
AI3-14632
M9B1R0C16H
3-cyanoguanidine
DTXSID1020354
Guanidine-15N3, cyano-15N-
NSC2031
NSC-2031
DTXCID50354
Dicyandiamin [German]
cyano-guanidin
26591-10-6
CAS-461-58-5
Metformin impurity A
CCRIS 3478
HSDB 2126
EINECS 207-312-8
MFCD00008066
UNII-M9B1R0C16H
Dicyanadiamide
Dicyanediamide
cyano-guanidine
1-cyano-guanidine
Cyanoguanidine,(S)
Dicyandiamide, 99%
Dyhard 100S
Adeka EH 3636AS
Metformin EP Impurity A
Adeka EH 3636
DICYANODIAMIDE [MI]
EC 207-312-8
CYANOGUANIDINE [HSDB]
NCN=C(NH2)2
CHEMBL3183942
CHEBI:147423
Tox21_201513
Tox21_302730
BBL009709
STL141074
STL483054
AKOS000118777
AKOS005208673
CCG-214839
J3.635H
NCGC00249058-01
NCGC00256355-01
NCGC00259063-01
157480-33-6
BP-31003
CS-0015691
FT-0624736
EN300-21430
D78355
Q905401
W-106101
Dicyanodiamide (210 degrees C) Melting Point Standard
F0001-1248
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
Z203045078
InChI=1/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6
Cyanoguanidine, >=95.0% (HPLC), pharmaceutical impurity standard
Metformin impurity A, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard