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DIETHANOLAMINE

CAS NUMBER: 111-42-2

MOLECULAR FORMULA:

EC / LIST NUMBER: 203-868-0

Diethanolamine, often abbreviated as DEA or DEOA, is an organic compound with the formula HN(CH2CH2OH)2. 
Pure diethanolamine is a white solid at room temperature, but its tendencies to absorb water and to supercool mean Diethanolamine is often encountered as a colorless, viscous liquid. 
Diethanolamine is polyfunctional, being a secondary amine and a diol. 
Like other organic amines, diethanolamine acts as a weak base. 
Reflecting the hydrophilic character of the secondary amine and hydroxyl groups, DEA is soluble in water. 
Amides prepared from Diethanolamine are often also hydrophilic. 
In 2013, Diethanolamine was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as "possibly carcinogenic to humans".
Diethanolamine appears as oily colorless liquid or solid white crystals. 
Slight rotten fish or ammonia odor. 

Diethanolamine is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent. 
Diethanolamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. 
Diethanolamine derives from an ethanolamine.
Diethanolamine is used in a number of consumer products, such as shampoos, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. 
Limited information is available on the health effects of diethanolamine. 
Acute (short- term) inhalation exposure to diethanolamine in humans may result in irritation of the nose and throat, and dermal exposure may irritate the skin. 
No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of diethanolamine in humans. 
Animal studies have reported effects on the liver, kidney, blood, and central nervous system (CNS) from chronic oral exposure to diethanolamine. 
The National Toxicology Program (NTP) reported an increased incidence of liver and kidney tumors in mice from dermal exposure to diethanolamine. 
EPA has not classified diethanolamine for carcinogenicity.

Diethanolamine is used as surface-active agent in metal-cutting fluids and oils, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a dispersant in agricultural chemical formulations, and as an intermediate in the production of other compounds such as fatty acid condensates of diethanolamine which are extensively used in soaps and cosmetics as emulsifiers, thickeners, wetting agents and detergents (Beyer et al., 1983). 
In the cosmetic formulations, the concentration of diethanolamine may range from 1 to 25%.
Diethanolamine (DEA) is a polyfunctional product that is a secondary amine and a diol and acts as a weak base. 
Diethanolamine buffer (10 mM diethanolamine, 0.5 mM MgCl2, pH 9.5) is frequently used in colorimetric assays (ELISA) using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP, sc-3720) substrate and diethanolamine buffer. 
Diethanolamine (5% diethanolamine, pH 11.5) may also be useful for the dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes. 
For surface staining of monoclonal antibody-alkaline phosphatase conjugates by flow cytometric analysis, diethanolamine buffer (pH 9.6) has been used with BCIP/NBT (sc-24981) substrate. 
Also used as an absorbent for acid gases and as a chemical intermediate.

Diethanolamine (DEA) and DEA-related ingredients are organic substances that function as emulsifiers to produce foam and bubbles in cosmetics. 
These ingredients can also be used to adjust a product's pH. 
In discussing the use of DEA and DEA-related ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, it is important to understand that there are several different substances not just one. 
First, DEA itself is rarely used in products. 
When it is used, it is added at small levels to make sure the product is not harsh when applied to the skin (adjusts the acidity). 
Diethanolamine is mostly combined with other substances and converted into a new ingredient that is no longer chemically identical with DEA. This “chemical reaction” leads to a new substance that is very stable and does not easily come apart. Cocamide DEA is one example of such a chemical. It should be noted that DEA and DEA-Derivatives are used in other products besides cosmetics and personal care products. For example, DEA and DEA-derivatives have been approved for several food-related applications, primarily food packaging. As with chemical reactions, there may be unavoidable small amounts of the starting materials carried into the final product. These do not impact on the use and performance of the new ingredients and the levels can be controlled during manufacture. There have been reports in the news and the scientific literature about Diethanolamine and some of the DEA-derivatives and possible health effects.
Diethanolamine is an organic base which has been used as an emulsifying and dispersing agent.
Diethanolamine can also be used as a basic buffer, with optimal pH about pH 9, if titrated with HCl or other acid. 
Other uses include: to "scrub" gases, as a chemical intermediate, as humectant or softening agent.

USES:

- Mainly used as CO2, H2S and SO2 and other acidic gas absorbent, non-ionic surfactant, emulsifier, polishing agent, industrial gas purification agent, lubricant.

- Iminodiethanol, also known as diethanolamine, is an intermediate of the herbicide glyphosate.Used as a purifying agent for gas, also used as a raw material for synthetic drugs and organic synthesis.

- Both morpholine and diethanolamine are intermediates that are synthesized organically and are used, for example, in the production of certain optical bleaching agents in the textile industry, the fatty acid salts of morpholine as preservatives, and in the production of the central depressant fulcodine or as solvents.Diethanolamine is used in analytical chemistry as a reagent and as a stationary solution for gas chromatography to selectively retain and separate alcohols, dialcohols, amines, pyridines, quinolines, piperazine, mercaptans, sulfides, and water.

- Diethanolamine is an important corrosion inhibitor, which can be used in boiler water treatment, automobile engine coolant, drilling and cutting oil and other lubricating oil to play a corrosion inhibition effect.

- Diethanolamine is also used as an absorbent to purify acid gas in natural gas.Used as an emulsifier in a variety of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

- In the textile industry as a lubricant, but also as wetting agent and softener and other organic synthetic raw materials.

- Used as acid absorbent, plasticizer, softener and emulsifier in adhesives.

- Diethanolamine is also used as an absorbent for acidic gases (such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, etc.) in petroleum gas, natural gas and other gases.

- Diethanolamine is the raw material of synthetic medicine, pesticide, dye intermediate and surfactant.Used as emulsifier of oils and waxes under acidic conditions, softener of leather and synthetic fibers.

- Used as thickener and foam improver in shampoo and light detergent.Also used as detergent, lubricant, brightener and engine piston ash remover.

- Used as complexing agent for silver, cadmium, lead and zinc plating.

- Used as analytical reagents, acid gas absorbers, softeners and lubricants, and in organic synthesis.

USES:

DEA is used as a surfactant and a corrosion inhibitor. 
Diethanolamine is used to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from natural gas.
Diethanolamine is widely used in the preparation of diethanolamides and diethanolamine salts of long-chain fatty acids that are formulated into soaps and surfactants used in liquid laundry and dishwashing detergents, cosmetics, shampoos and hair conditioners.
In oil refineries, a DEA in water solution is commonly used to remove hydrogen sulfide from sour gas. 
Diethanolamine has an advantage over a similar amine, ethanolamine, in that a higher concentration may be used for the same corrosion potential. 
This allows refiners to scrub hydrogen sulfide at a lower circulating amine rate with less overall energy usage.

Diethanolamine is a chemical feedstock used in the production of morpholine.
Amides derived from DEA and fatty acids, known as diethanolamides, are amphiphilic.
The reaction of 2-chloro-4,5-diphenyloxazole with DEA gave rise to Ditazole. 
The reaction of DEA and Isobutyraldehyde with water removed produces an Oxazolidine.
Diethanolamine similar to triethanolamine (T775580) is used as a surfactant. 

Diethanolamine also has the potential to be a corrosion inhibitor by means of chemisorption.
To scrub gases as indicated under ethanolamine. Diethanolamine can be used with cracking gases and coal or oil gases which contain carbonyl sulfide that would react with monoethanolamine. 
As rubber chemicals intermediate. 
In the manufacture of surface active agents used in textile specialties, herbicides, petroleum demulsifiers. 
As emulsifier and dispersing agent in various agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. 
In the production of lubricants for the textile industry. 
As humectant and softening agent. 
In organic syntheses.
Diethanolamine is used in the production ofsurface-active agents and lubricants for thetextile industry; as an intermediate for rubberchemicals; as an emulsifier; as a humectantand softening agent; as a detergent in paints,shampoos, and other cleaners; and as anintermediate in resins and plasticizers.

USAGE AREAS:

-Gas sweetening
-Detergents
-Cleaners
-Concrete admixtures
-Urethane foam catalysts
-Pharmaceuticals
-Personal care products
-Agricultural chemicals
-Photographic emulsions

PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION:

-Diethanolamine is primarily used in pharmaceutical formulations as a buffering agent, such as in the preparation of emulsions with fatty acids. 
-In cosmetics and pharmaceuticals Diethanolamine is used as a pH adjuster and dispersant.
-Diethanolamine has also been used to form the soluble salts of active compounds, such as iodinated organic acids that are used as contrast media. 
-As a stabilizing agent, diethanolamine prevents the discoloration of aqueous formulations containing hexamethylenetetramine-1,3-dichloropropene salts.
-Diethanolamine is also used in cosmetics.

INDUSTRIAL USES:

-Diethanolamine undergoes reactions characteristic of secondary amines and of alcohols. 
-Two industrially important reactions of the ethanolamines involve reaction with carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide to yield water soluble salts, and reaction with long chain fatty acids to form neutral ethanolamine soaps (Mullins 1978). 
-Substituted ethanolamine compounds, such as soaps, are used extensively as emulsifiers, thickeners, wetting agents, and detergents in cosmetic formulations (including skin cleaners, creams, and lotions) (Beyer et al 1983).
-Diethanolamine is used as a dispersing agent in various agricultural chemicals, as an absorbent for acidic gases (hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide), as a humectant, as an intermediate in the synthesis of morpholine, as a surface-active agent in cutting fluids, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a component in textile specialty agents, and as a secondary vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry. 
-Diethanolamine is also used in cleaners and pharmaceutical ointments, in polyurethane formulations, in herbicides, and in a variety of organic syntheses (Beyer et al 1983; Mullins 1978; Windholz 1983). Diethanolamine is permitted in articles intended for use in the production, processing, or packaging of food (CFR 1981), and is permitted as a secondary direct food additive from use in delinting cottonseed in the production of cottonseed oil or meal cake (Fed. Reg. 1982). 
-Because of the wide industrial and consumer uses, large amounts of this chemical are discharged into water and sewage in an unaltered form.


BENEFITS:

-Unique reactions
-Versatile
-Broad spectrum of applications
-Act as amines or alcohols

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Material state: Liquid              

-Melting point: 28 ℃

-Color: clear                       

-Odor: slight ammonia smell

-PH value: 12.0 (0.1M)               

-Boiling point/boiling point range: 269℃

-Solubility: soluble in water

-Solvent: alcohol, acetone, chloroform, ether        

-Flash point: ℉ / 134 ℃

-Test method: ○pen the cup, Close the cup

-Vapor pressure: <0.01mmHg                  

-Specific gravity: 1.09 (20 ℃)

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

- The USP32–NF27 describes diethanolamine as a mixture of ethanolamines consisting largely of diethanolamine. 
- At about room temperature it is a white, deliquescent solid. 
- Above room temperature diethanolamine is a clear, viscous liquid with a mildly ammoniacal odor.
- In the cosmetic formulations, the concentration of diethanolamine may range from 1 to 25%.


AGROCHEMICALS:

-Combining the properties of amines and alcohols in one molecule, Diethanolamine is used as a building block, and for ph-neutralisation as well as a dilution agent.  
-As an amine, Diethanolamine is mildly alkaline and reacts with acids to form salts or soaps. 
-As an alcohol diethanolamine can can be transformed to ethers and esters. 
-Diethanolamine is miscible with water, most alcohols and polyols.


COATINGS:

Diethanolamine is both an amine and a diol, and as such Diethanolamine is used in the production of corresponding polymer technologies. 


STABILITY AND REACTIVITY:

-Stability: Stable

-Conditions to avoid: air, light, moisture, and temperatures above 137°C.

-Oxidizing agent: rapid oxidation and intense reaction.

-Hazardous decomposition products: CO, CO2, nitrogen compounds


TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION:

Local effect: 500 mg/24H (rabbit, skin) cause slight irritation and 5500 mg (rabbit eyes) cause severe irritation

Sensitivity: Chronic or long-term toxicity: repeated or long-term exposure may cause skin irritation


ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:

Individuals should pay attention to:

- Avoid contact with eyes and skin.

-Environmental considerations

Cleaning method:

- Do not touch the leakage.

- Avoid letting the product enter the sewer, surface or groundwater and soil.

FIRST AID MEASURES:

First aid methods for different exposure routes:

     
Inhalation: 
- Remove the source of pollution or move the patient to a place with fresh air.

- If breathing is difficult, trained personnel should provide oxygen under the instructions of the doctor.

- The patient avoids unnecessary movement.

- Symptoms of pulmonary edema may last 48 hours.

- Seek medical attention immediately.

Skin contact: 

- Wear impermeable gloves when necessary to avoid touching the chemical.

- Rinse the contaminated parts gently with warm water for 20-30 minutes.

- If the irritation persists, do not stop after repeated washing. If necessary, the ambulance is ready to rescue.

- Take off contaminated clothes, shoes and leather accessories in the flushing water.

- Seek medical attention immediately.

- Contaminated clothing, shoes and leather accessories must be completely decontaminated before use or discard.

Eye contact: 

- Wear impermeable gloves when necessary to avoid touching the chemical.

- Immediately open the eyelids and rinse the contaminated eyes with gentle flowing warm water for 20 minutes.

- Use normal saline to rinse when possible, and do not interrupt the rinse.

- Avoid washing water into unaffected eyes.

- If the irritation persists, rinse repeatedly.

- Seek medical attention immediately.

Ingestion:   

- If the patient is about to lose consciousness or convulsions, do not feed anything by mouth.

- If the patient is conscious, let him rinse his mouth thoroughly with water.

- Do not induce vomiting.

- Drink 240~300CC of water to the patient to dilute the chemicals in the stomach; if possible, give milk after drinking the water.

- If the patient vomits spontaneously, let him lean forward to reduce the risk of inhalation, and let him rinse his mouth and repeatedly give water.

- Seek medical attention immediately.

 
HANDLING AND STORAGE:


DISPOSAL:

 This substance is a corrosive substance. Engineering control should be operated and personal protective equipment should be used during disposal; staff should be properly trained in the dangers of related substances and safe use.

 Check whether the container is leaking before operation.

Safe operation reminder: Wear protective clothing/protective glasses

STORE:

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place that cannot be directly exposed to sunlight, away from heat, ignition sources and incompatible materials.

Incompatible products: oxidants, strong acids and strong bases.

SAFETY:

Diethanolamine is a potential skin irritant in workers sensitized by exposure to water-based metalworking fluids.
One study showed that DEA inhibits in baby mice the absorption of choline, which is necessary for brain development and maintenance; however, a study in humans determined that dermal treatment for 1 month with a commercially available skin lotion containing Diethanolamine resulted in Diethanolamine levels that were "far below those concentrations associated with perturbed brain development in the mouse". 
In a mouse study of chronic exposure to inhaled DEA at high concentrations (above 150 mg/m3), Diethanolamine was found to induce body and organ weight changes, clinical and histopathological changes, indicative of mild blood, liver, kidney and testicular systemic toxicity. 
A 2009 study found that DEA has potential acute, chronic and subchronic toxicity properties for aquatic species.
Diethanolamine is used in topical and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations, with up to 1.5% w/v being used in intravenous infusions. 
Experimental studies in dogs have shown that intravenous administration of larger doses of diethanolamine results in sedation, coma, and death.
Animal toxicity studies suggest that diethanolamine is less toxic than monoethanolamine, although in rats the oral acute and subacute toxicity is greater. 

Diethanolamine is said to be heptacarcinogenic in mice and has also been reported to induce hepatic choline deficiency in mice.
Diethanolamine is an irritant to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes when used undiluted or in high concentration. 
However, in rabbits, aqueous solutions containing 10% w/v diethanolamine produce minor irritation. 
The lethal human oral dose of diethanolamine is estimated to be 5–15g/kg body-weight.
The US Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel evaluated diethanolamine and concluded that it is safe for use in cosmetic formulations designed for discontinuous, brief use followed by thorough rinsing from the surface of the skin. 
In products intended for prolonged contact with the skin, the concentration of ethanolamines should not exceed 5%. 
Diethanolamine should not be used in products containing N-nitrosating agents.


SYNONYM:

2,2'-Iminodiethanol
Diolamine
Iminodiethanol
2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine
Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Diethylolamine
Ethanol, 2,2'-iminobis-
N,N-Diethanolamine
Diethanolamin
2,2'-Iminobisethanol
2-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)ethanol
Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine


IUPAC NAME:

1,1-dideuterio-2-[(2,2-dideuterio-2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol
2,2'-Iminobisethanol
2,2'-Iminodiethanol
2,2'-iminodiethanol
2,2'-iminodiethanol
2,2'-iminodiethanol (diethanolamin)
2,2'-iminodiethanol/Diethanolamine
2,2-iminodiethanol
2,2-iminodiethanol

TRADE NAME:

2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine
2,2'-Iminobis[ethanol]
2,2'-Iminodi-1-ethanol
2,2'-Iminodiethanol
2,2'-iminodiethanol
2-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol
Bis(2-hydroxyethol)amine
Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine
 

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