PRODUCTS

DIISONONYL PHTHALATE

DIISONONYL PHTHALATE = DINP = PHTHALIC ACID, DIISONONYL ESTER

CAS Number: 28553-12-0
EC Number: 249-079-5
Molecular Formula : C26H42O4

Diisononyl phthalate is typically a mixture of chemical compounds consisting of various isononyl esters of phthalic acid.
Diisononyl phthalate is a high molecular weight phthalate-plasticizer.
Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) C6H4(COOC9H19)2, is a clear, colorless, and almost odorless liquid chemical.

Diisononyl phthalate is soluble in most organic solvents.
As compared to DOP, the low volatility and better endurability of Diisononyl phthalate significantly reduces the fume emissions during the processing procedure and improves Diisononyl phthalate's permanence in the final product.

Diisononyl phthalate has a flashpoint of 464°F and is considered non-hazardous by the DOT.
Diisononyl Phthalate, also known as DINP, is a clear and colorless liquid substance with a mild odor.
Diisononyl phthalate is insoluble in water, extremely resistant to changing temperatures and has high thermal insulation as well as long lasting wear and durability.

Diisononyl phthalate is a major component in determining the physical properties of vinyl products such as their durability, resistance to heat and cold and their flexibility.
Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a clear, colorless, and almost odorless liquid chemical.
Diisononyl phthalate is soluble in most organic solvents.

Diisononyl phthalate is typically a mixture of chemical compounds consisting of various isononyl esters of phthalic acid.
Diisononyl phthalate is a complex mixture of isomers.
Diisononyl phthalate is the diisononyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.

Diisononyl phthalate is a high molecular weight phthalate.
Evidence indicates that many of the measured water solubilities for high molecular weight phthalates esters reported in the literature are erroneously too high.

The water solubility is calculated to be 2.31-5 mg/l /7/ while, in the literature, several aqueous solubility data on DINP range from 7.8·10-5 to 0.0006 mg/l.
Diisononyl phthalate is a phthalate plasticizer, used in the manufacture of flexible PVCs (Poly vinyl chloride) plastics, co polymers and resins.
Plasticizers increase the pliability and flexibility of polymeric materials.

Phthalate plasticizers are colorless, odorless, durable, economical and weather and temperature resistant.
Diisononyl phthalate is classified as a HMW (high molecular weight) phthalate plasticizer.
The other types of HMW phthalates include: diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and dipropylheptyl phthalate (DPHP)

Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) C6H4(COOC9H19)2, is a clear, colorless, and almost odorless liquid chemical.
Diisononyl phthalate is soluble in most organic solvents.
The term Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) denominates a group of several phthalate diesters with slightly different branching of the alcohol chains.

They are produced by esterification of phthalic acid with iso-nonyl alcohol.
Diisononyl phthalate 1 (CAS 68515-48-0) is produced by the so called polygas process and contains more or less equal amounts of 3,4-, 4,6-, 3,6-, 3,5-, 4,5-, und 5,6-dimethyl heptanol-1.

Diisononyl phthalate 2 (CAS 28553-12-0) is based on n-butene and its alcohol fraction consists mainly of alkyl substituted octanols, heptanols and hexanols. For regulatory purposes they are therefore handled as one.
Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a general use high molecular weight Plasticizer.

Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) is a general use high molecular weight PVC Plasticizer which provides a good balance of cost savings and properties.
Diisononyl phthalate is a preferred replacement for DOP plasticizer, and is highly compatible with PVC and shows good permanence.
When compared to DOP, Diisononyl phthalate has lower volatility, improved cold temperature flexibility, and better permanence in the final product.

Diisononyl phthalate is a major component in determining the physical properties of vinyl products such as their durability, resistance to heat and cold and their flexibility.
Diisononyl phthalate is a high molecular weight phthalate-plasticizer.
Diisononyl phthalate is the diisononyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.

Diisononyl phthalate has a role as a plasticiser.
Diisononyl phthalate is a phthalate ester and a diester.
Di-isononyl phthalate is an oily colorless liquid with a slight ester odor.

Denser than water.
Diisononyl phthalate is insoluble in water.
Diisononyl phthalatebelongs to a family of chemicals called phthalates, which are added to some plastics to make them flexible.

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a phthalate used as a plasticizer.
Diisononyl phthalate’s volatilization weightlessness is smaller than DOP.
Intrinsic viscosity is similar to DOP.

You will get a more high viscosity value if use Diisononyl phthalate alone.
Diisononyl phthalate is suitable for the plastic production, proving stable viscosity and no problems exist during disperse foaming.
The melting temperature is low.

As the PVC coating, Diisononyl phthalate has the lowest viscosity and the change in viscosity quite small.
Diisononyl phthalate’s volatilization weightlessness is smaller than DOP.
Intrinsic viscosity is similar to DOP.

You will get a more high viscosity value if use Diisononyl phthalate alone.
The melting temperature is low. As the PVC coating, Diisononyl phthalate has the lowest viscosity and the change in viscosity quite small.

USES and APPLICATIONS of DIISONONYL PHTHALATE:
-Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants & Elastomers, Chemical & Materials Manufacturing, Surface Treatment - Fluids, Lubricants & Metalworking.
-End applications include adhesives and glues, agricultural adjuvants, building materials, personal care products, children’s toys, modeling clay, waxes, paints, printing inks and coatings, as well as textiles.

-Diisononyl Phthalate is one of the most commonly used plasticizers in the market.
Diisononyl phthalateproduct is a great plasticizer for vinyl products, giving products both good low temperature and low volatility performance.
Common applications include dipping, slush molding, spray coatings, and castings.

-Phthalates in general are used in a large variety of products, from enteric coatings of pharmaceutical pills and nutritional supplements to viscosity control agents, gelling agents, film formers, stabilizers, dispersants, lubricants, binders, emulsifuying agents, and suspending agents.
-Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Solvents & Degreasers, Plasticizers, Solvents

-More than half of the remaining 5 percent is used in the production of polymers other than PVC (e.g. rubber).
-The remaining Diisononyl phthalate is used in non-polymer applications including anti-corrosion paints, anti-fouling paints, lacquers, inks, adhesives and sealants.

-Diisononyl phthalate is primarily used as a PVC plasticizer.
-Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a phthalate used as a plasticizer in e.g. food contact materials.
-Diisononyl phthalate is a general purpose plasticizer, used in a wide range of industries and products.

-Diisononyl Phthalate is most commonly used to soften polyvinyl chloride (PVC), also known as vinyl, in the automobile, flooring and construction industries.
-Specifically, approximately 95 percent of Diisononyl phthalate produced is used in PVC as a plasticiser.

-Common products using Diisononyl phthalate are electric cables and synthetic leather, hoses for household appliances and wiring.
-Diisononyl phthalate's extreme flexibility and low volatility make Diisononyl phthalate a preferred choice in a wide range of indoor and outdoor applications.

-While Diisononyl Phthalate is primary used as a plasticizer Diisononyl phthalate also finds use in paints, sealants and lubricants.
-Diisononyl (DINP) is a phthalate plasticer and is used in the production of synthetic polymers, flexible PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) plastics and resins.
Plasticizers make polymeric material more flexible and pliable.

-Diisononyl phthalate is used to strengthen the flexibility of PVC items such as wire, stationary, gloves, vinyl flooring, garden hoses, tubing footwear, vehicle undercoating coated fabrics and toy making.
-Diisononyl phthalate is also commonly used in non-PVC applications such as pigments, printing inks, adhesives, sealants, paints and rubber.

-Diisononyl phthalate is primarily used as a PVC plasticizer.
-As compared to DOP, the low volatility and better endurability of Diisononyl phthalate significantly reduces the fume emissions during the processing procedure and improves Diisononyl phthalate's permanence in the final product.

-Diisononyl phthalate is used as a plasticiser to make plastics more flexible.
-Diisononyl phthalate is used in garden hoses, pool liners, flooring tiles, and tarp.
-Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is used to soften or “plasticize” polyvinyl chloride (PVC), commonly referred to as vinyl.

-Diisononyl phthalate is a general purpose plasticizer used in a multitude of vinyl products that demand flexibility, durability and specific functionality.
-While Diisononyl phthalate’s primary function is as a softener, Diisononyl phthalate is also used in sealants, paints and lubricants.
-Diisononyl phthalate is a preferred replacement for DOP plasticizer.

-Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) is highly compatible and shows good permanence.
-Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) is used for a wide variety of flexible PVC applications including plastisols, extruded and molded parts.
-Diisononyl phthalate is mainly used to increase the flexibility of the various PVC products.

-Some of the substantial applications of Diisononyl phthalate are flooring & flooring, wires & cables, hoses & tubes, automobile coatings, coated fabrics, safety gloves, artificial leather, footwear, and toy making.
-Diisononyl phthalate is widely used in non-PVC applications such as rubbers, pigments, paints, printing inks, sealants, and adhesives.

-Diisononyl phthalate is widely used in almost all the rapidly growing industries such as footwear making, plastics, and electricals.
-The major factors favoring this growth of the market are surging demand from major end-use industries namely automotive, construction, paints & coatings, and toy making.

-Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a phthalic acid ester of isononyl alcohol and Diisononyl phthalate is phthalate-based plasticizer which is primarily used as an additive in PVC plastics, co-polymers and resins.
-The plasticizers significantly increase the operation ability and flexibility of the various polymeric materials.

-Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) by Chemceed is a general use high molecular weight PVC plasticizer.
-Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) is primarily used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials.
-A widely used chemical with potential thyroid-disrupting properties.

-Diisononyl phthalate is used in toxicology studies as well as risk assessment studies of food contamination that occurs via migration of phthalates into foodstuffs from food-contact materials (FCM).
-General purpose plasticizers for PVC applications and flexible vinyls.

-Diisononyl Phthalate, Technical, a mixture of chemical compounds, is a phthalate used as a plasticizer consisting of several isononyl esters of phthalic acid.
Technical grade products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use.

-Diisononyl phthalate is used to increase the flexibility of following PVC products: vinyl flooring, wire, garden hoses, stationery, automobile undercoatings coated fabrics, gloves, tubing, artificial leather, footwear, roofing materials, cable insulation and toys.
-Non-PVC products containing DINP include rubbers, lacquers, inks, sealants, pigments, adhesives and paints.

-Diisononyl phthalate also provides protection benefits to automobiles:
Soft PVC used as a protective layer for the chassis, doubles the normal in-service life of modern vehicles and reduces the need for servicing and repairs. Car manufacturers spray the plastisol (liquid layer produced using DINP) onto the metal underside of the chassis where Diisononyl phthalate solidifies into a thin but extremely tough surface during the curing of the paint.

Soft PVC plasticized with Diisononyl phthalate is used for underbody coatings and sealants in automotive industry.
An average car contains more than 1,000 plastic parts, of which about 12 per cent (by weight) are made of soft PVC, lowering the total weight of vehicles, which leads to less wear and tear on roads, reduced fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions.

-End applications include adhesives and glues, agricultural adjuvants, building materials, personal care products, children’s toys, modeling clay, waxes, paints, printing inks and coatings, as well as textiles.

-Specifically, approximately 95 percent of Diisononyl phthalate produced is used in PVC as a plasticiser.
More than half of the remaining 5 percent is used in the production of polymers other than PVC (e.g. rubber).
The remaining Diisononyl phthalate is used in non-polymer applications including anti-corrosion paints, anti-fouling paints, lacquers, inks, adhesives and sealants.

-Diisononyl phthalate is a plasticizer mainly for PVC and is present for instance in floorings and wall coverings, carpets, shoe soles, tubes, cables and vinyl gloves.
-Further applications include rubber, dispersions, paints, lacquers, sealants, adhesives and packaging.

-Diisononyl phthalate is increasingly used as substitute of DEHP (diethylhexyl phthalate).
-Diisononyl phthalate is not chemically bound in the polymer matrix and may outgas or be released upon contact with fluids or fats.
-As a PVC plasticizer, DDiisononyl phthalate is used in formualtions of screen printing inks.

-Additionally, Diisononyl phthalate can be used in applications such as anti-corrosion paints, anti-fouling paints, lacquers, inks, adhesives, and sealants.
-Diisononyl phthalate is a versatile plasticizer used for a wide variety of flexible PVC applications including plastisols, extruded, and molded parts.

-In particular, Diisononyl phthalate finds use in the automotive, construction, home, adhesive, leather and shoe, wire & cable, and textile markets. DINP can also be mixed with a variety of secondary plasticizers.
Diisononyl phthalate is REACH registered.

-Diisononyl Phthalate is most commonly used to soften polyvinyl chloride (PVC), also known as vinyl, in the automobile, flooring and construction industries.
-Common products using Diisononyl phthalate are electric cables and synthetic leather, hoses for household appliances and wiring.

-Diisononyl phthalate's extreme flexibility and low volatility make Diisononyl phthalate a preferred choice in a wide range of indoor and outdoor applications.
-Diisononyl phthalate-plasticized PVC is used for many shoe soles because of Diisononyl phthalate's flexibility, durability and anti-slip properties.

-One of the non-PVC applications of Diisononyl phthalate are sealings, which are often applied to windows and doors for improved insulation.
-Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a phthalic acid ester of isononyl alcohol and Diisononyl phthalate is phthalate-based plasticizer which is primarily used as an additive in PVC plastics, co-polymers and resins.
The plasticizers significantly increase the operation ability and flexibility of the various polymeric materials.

-Diisononyl phthalate is mainly used to increase the flexibility of the various PVC products.
-Some of the substantial applications of Diisononyl phthalate are flooring & flooring, wires & cables, hoses & tubes, automobile coatings, coated fabrics, safety gloves, artificial leather, footwear, and toy making.

-Additionally, Diisononyl phthalate is widely used in non-PVC applications such as rubbers, pigments, paints, printing inks, sealants, and adhesives.
-Diisononyl phthalate is used in toxicology studies as well as risk assessment studies of food contamination that occurs via migration of phthalates into foodstuffs from food-contact materials (FCM).

-Diisononyl phthalate is one of the phthalates most frequently used in plastic products.
-Diisononyl phthalate is used in various types of plastic consumer products, including:
Some polyvinyl chloride (PVC, vinyl) flooring, materials used in automobile interiors, wire and cable insulation, gloves, tubing, garden hoses, and shoes.

-Diisononyl phthalate is also used in some non-PVC products, such as some inks and pigments, adhesives, sealants, paints and lacquers.
-Diisononyl phthalate is primarily used as a plasticizer or softener in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products, including vinyl flooring, wire and cable insulation, coated fabrics, gloves, toys, garden hoses, artificial leather and footwear.

-Diisononyl phthalate is used as a softener in all PVC paste and pulp mixtures.
-Diisononyl phthalate is used in all calendaring systems, automotive sector, cable production, synthetic leather production, bookbinding fabric production, PVC and Floor Covering production.

-Diisononyl phthalate is general-purpose primary plasticizing agent with excellent performance.
Diisononyl phthalate is of good intermiscibility with PVC, and will not dissolve out even when used in large quantity;
Diisononyl phthalate's volatility, migration and nontoxicity are better than that of DOP, hence will endow the goods with good light-resistance, heat-resistance, ageing-resistance and electric insulativity, and Diisononyl phthalate's comprehensive performance is better than that of DOP.
As goods make of Diisononyl phthalate is of good water extraction resistance, low toxic, ageing-resistant and excellent electric insulativity, Diisononyl phthalate is widely used for the toy film, wires and cables.

-Diisononyl phthalate is mainly used to PVC, and also widely used to toys’ film, wire and cable since DINP has good water proofing, extraction resistance, electric insulating property and low-poisonousness.
-Industry thin-film, waterproof cloth, layer sheet, ground covering, wallpaper, cable batch, special type fibre, artificial leather binder, coating, solvent, packaging film, tube stock and sectional materials.

-Diisononyl phthalate is suitable for the plastic production, proving stable viscosity and no problems exist during disperse foaming.
-Diisononyl phthalate is mainly used to PVC, and also widely used to toys’ film, wire and cable since Diisononyl phthalate has good water proofing, extraction resistance, electric insulating property and low-poisonousness.

-Industry thin-film, waterproof cloth, layer sheet, ground covering, wallpaper, cable batch, special type fibre, artificial leather binder, coating, solvent, packaging film, tube stock and sectional materials.
-Diisononyl Phthalate is a general-purpose plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride.

-Diisononyl phthalate is typically a mixture of chemical compounds consisting of various isononyl esters of phthalic acid, and is commonly used in a large variety of plastic items.
-Diisononyl phthalate is also used in other products such as rubber, inks, pigments and paints.

ADVANTAGES
*It allows a paste with a lower viscosity compared to DOP.
*It extends service life of plastic goods since it features less migration.
*It provides volume advantage since its density is less than DOP.

*It provides longer storage periods of PVC pastes at the same viscosity levels.
*Its use is not restricted according to Reach Registration.
*It provides electrical resistance.

*It does not cause any changes in the chemical structure of the polymer.
*It provides required changes in physical and mechanical properties.
*It jellifies easily and quickly all polymeric substances in general.
*It provides obtaining a product with required elasticity.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIISONONYL PHTHALATE:
Appearance Form: liquid
Molecular weight: 418,61 g/mol
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 0,972 g/mL at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid.
odor: characteristic
Molecular Weight: 418.6 g/mol
Water Concentration: Max. 0.05% (ASTM E 203)
viscosity: 70-80 mPa.s (20 ºC) (ASTM D 7042)
Density: 0.970 - 0.974 g/cm3 (20 ºC) (ASTM D 4052)
Refractive Index: 1.4830 - 1.4870 (20 ˚C) (ASTM D 1045)
Acid Index: Max. 0.07 mg KOH /g (ASTM D 1045)
Flash Point: min. 205 ˚C (ASTM D 92 Open Cup)

Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: -48.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Boiling Point: 463.35 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 5.400000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 419.00 °F. TCC ( 214.90 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 9.026 (est)
Soluble in:
water, 0.2 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
water, 2.317e-005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

FIRST AID MEASURES of DIISONONYL PHTHALATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.

*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIISONONYL PHTHALATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let the product enter drains.

-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIISONONYL PHTHALATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder

*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIISONONYL PHTHALATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses

-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of DIISONONYL PHTHALATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIISONONYL PHTHALATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available

-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SYNONYMS:
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester
baylectrol 4200
bisoflex DINP
diisononyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
di-isononylphthalate
dinonylphthalate
DINP (=diisononyl phthalate)
DINP2
DINP3
ENJ 2065
FP-DINP(A)
FP-DINP(C)
isononyl alcohol, phthalate (2:1)
jayflex diisononylphthalate
jayflex diisononylphthalate-s
jayflex DINP
jayflex DINP-E
jayflex DINP-S
palatinol DINP
palatinol DN
palatinol N
phthalic acid diisonyl ester
phthalisocizer DINP
sansocizer DINP
vestinol NN
vinylcizer 90
witamol 150)
DIISONONYL PHTHALATE
Diisononylphthalate
bis(7-methyloctyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Bis(7-methyloctyl) phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-diisononyl ester
Enj 2065
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester
DINP branched
CHEBI:35459
Diisononyl phthalate, technical grade
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-10-branched alkyl esters, C9-rich
DSSTox_CID_2521
DSSTox_RID_78653
DSSTox_GSID_28665
Baylectrol 4200;ENJ 2065;Phthalisocizer DINP;
Diisononyl Phthalate (mixture of branched chain isomers)
di-isononyl phthalate
aromatic ester
Phthalic Acid Bis(7-methyloctyl) Ester
Bis(7-methyloctyl)phthalate
DSSTox_RID_76608
DSSTox_GSID_22521
SCHEMBL21592
BIDD:ER0440
CCRIS 7927
Di(isononyl) phthalate branched
Diisononyl Phthalate, Technical
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(7-methyloctyl) ester
Bis(7-methyloctyl) phthalate #
CHEMBL1905899
DTXSID60860420
ZINC4538442
Tox21_200745
Tox21_202296
Tox21_303462
MFCD00044119
AKOS015838981
Di(C8-C10) branched alkyl phthalate
MCULE-4536480907
Phthalic acid, bis-7-methyloctyl ester
NCGC00163810-01
NCGC00163810-02
NCGC00257365-01
NCGC00258299-01
NCGC00259845-01
Phthalic acid, bis(7-methyloctyl) ester
AS-77000
K143
di-'isononyl' phthalate, mixture of esters
FT-0624987
FT-0667184
FT-0667185
FT-0698830
D78402
Di(C8-10, C9 rich) branched alkyl phthalates
Bis(7-methyloctyl)??phthalate, analytical standard
Q410393
W-104664
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,1,2-bis(7-methyloctyl)ester
Diisononyl Phthalate, (mixture of branched chain isomers)
Diisononyl Phthalate, >/=95%,mixture of branched chain isomers
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-C10-branched alkyl ester, C9-rich