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Dimethyl sulphate is a chemical compound with formula (CH3O)2SO2. As the diester of methanol and sulfuric acid, Dimethyl sulphate’s formula is often written as (CH3)2SO4 or Me2SO4. Dimethyl sulphate is mainly used as a methylating agent in organic synthesis.
CAS NUMBER: 77-78-1
SYNONYM:
77-78-1; Dimethyl sulphate; Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester; Dimethyl monosulphate; Dimethylsulfat; sulphate dimethylique; Sulfuric acid dimethyl ester; Dimethylsulfaat; Dimetilsolfato; DMS (methyl sulphate); Sulfato de dimetilo; Dimethoxysulfone; Methyle methylSulphate; RCRA waste number U103; sulphate de dimethyle; Dimethylester kyseliny sirove; UNII-JW5CW40Z50; NSC 56194; Methyl sulphate, Me2SO4; JW5CW40Z50; CHEBI:59050; DSSTox_CID_4055; DSSTox_RID_77271; DSSTox_GSID_24055; Dimethylsulfat; Methyl sulphate; Dimethylsulfaat; Dimetilsolfato; CAS-77-78-1; Dimethyl sulphate, 99+%, AcroSeal(R; CCRIS 265]; sulphate dimethylique
Dimethyl sulphate is used as a methylating agent in themanufacture of many organic compounds,such as, phenols and thiols. Also, Dimethyl sulphate is used inthe manufacture of dyes and perfumes, andas an intermediate for quaternary ammoniumsalts. Dimethyl sulphate was used in the past as a militarypoison. Dimethyl sulphate is prepared by distillation of an oleum/methanol mixture; technical production using dimethyl ether and SO3 has also been reported. Dimethyl sulphate is a colourless oily liquid with a slight onion-like odour. Like all strong alkylating agents, Dimethyl sulphate is extremely toxic. Its use as a laboratory reagent has been superseded to some extent by methyl triflate, CF3SO3CH3, the methyl ester of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Dimethyl sulphate is best known as a reagent for the methylation of phenols, amines, and thiols. One methyl group is transferred more quickly than the second. Methyl transfer is assumed to occur via an SN2 reaction. Compared to other methylating agents, dimethyl sulphate is preferred by the industry because of its low cost and high reactivity.
Most commonly Dimethyl sulphate is employed to methylate phenols. Some simple alcohols are also suitably methylated, as illustrated by the conversion of tert-butanol to t-butyl methyl ether. Dimethyl sulphate is used to determine the secondary structure. At neutral pH, Dimethyl sulphate methylates unpaired adenine and cytosine residues at their canonical Watson-Crick faces, but it cannot methylate base-paired nucleotides. Using the method known as Dimethyl sulphate is incubated with Dimethyl sulfat to methylate unpaired bases. Then Dimethyl sulphateis reverse-transcribed; the reverse transcriptase frequently adds an incorrect base when Dimethyl sulphate encounters a methylated base. These mutations can be detected via sequencing, and the Dimethyl sulphate is inferred to be single-stranded at bases with above-background mutation rates.
Dimethyl sulphate can effect the base-specific cleavage by attacking the imidazole rings present in guanine. Dimethyl sulphate also methylates adenine in single-stranded portions. Upon re-annealing, these methyl groups interfere with adenine-guanine base-pairing. Nuclease S1 can then be used to cut in single-stranded regions (anywhere with a methylated adenine). This is an important technique for analyzing protein. Although dimethyl sulphate is highly effective and affordable, Dimethyl sulphate has encouraged the use of other methylating reagents. Methyl iodide is a reagent used for O-methylation, like dimethyl sulphate, but is less hazardous and more expensive. Dimethyl carbonate, which is less reactive, has far lower toxicity compared to both dimethyl sulphate and methyl iodide. High pressure can be used to accelerate methylation by dimethyl carbonate. In general, the toxicity of methylating agents is correlated with their efficiency as methyl transfer reagents.
Dimethyl sulphate is absorbed through the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract, and can cause a fatal delayed respiratory tract reaction. An ocular reaction is also common. There is no strong odor or immediate irritation to warn of lethal concentration in the air. The vapor pressure of 65 Pa is sufficiently large to produce a lethal concentration in air by evaporation at 20 °C. Delayed toxicity allows potentially fatal exposures to occur prior to development of any warning symptoms. Symptoms may be delayed 6–24 hours. Concentrated solutions of bases (ammonia, alkalis) can be used to hydrolyze minor spills and residues on contaminated equipment, but the reaction may become violent with larger amounts of dimethyl sulphate (see ICSC). Although the compound hydrolyses, treatment with water cannot be assumed to decontaminate dimethyl sulphate. Dimethyl sulphate is a powerful methylating reagent for the methylation of carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, lactams, oximes, hydroxylamines, and hydroperoxides. Dimethyl sulphate can be used as a reagent for the preparation of N-methyl alkyl- and aryl-substituted amines, amides, and quaternary ammonium salts.
Dimethyl sulphate is also used in the methylation of sulfur-containing compounds to synthesize sulfides and sulfonium ions. Dimethyl sulphate can also be used as a reagent. For the preparation of quaternary ammonium acrylic monomer as a potent antibacterial agent by the quaternization of 2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate. Along with dimethyl sulfoxide for the synthesis of epoxides from aldehydes and ketones via formation of trimethylsulfonium cation. To prepare an oxygenate additive for diesel by the methylation of glycerol.
Dimethyl sulphate is an odorless, corrosive, oily liquid with an onion-like odor that emits toxic fumes upon heating. Dimethyl sulphate is used in industry as a methylating agent in the manufacture of many organic chemicals. Inhalation exposure to its vapors is highly irritating to the eyes and lungs and may cause damage to the liver, kidney, heart and central nervous system, while dermal contact causes severe blistering. Dimethyl sulphate is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals.
Dimethyl sulphate is a colorless oily liquid, odorless to a faint onion-like odorDimethyl sulphate is a combustible liquid and has a flash point of 182°F. Dimethyl sulphate is slightly soluble in water and decomposed by water to give sulfuric acid with evolution of heat. Dimethyl sulphate is corrosive to metals and tissue. Dimethyl sulphate is a potent methylating agent. Dimethyl sulphate is the dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid. Dimethyl sulphate has a role as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent. Dimethyl sulphate is a colorless, oily liquid that is slightly soluble in water. Dimethyl sulphate has a faint, onion-like odor; the odor threshold has not been established. The vapor pressure for dimethyl sulphate is 0.5 mm Hg at 20 °C, and it has a log octanol/water partition coefficient. Dimethyl sulphate is used as a methylating agent in the manufacture of many organic chemicals. Dimethyl sulphate is also used in the manufacture of dyes and perfumes, for the separation of mineral oils, and for the analysis of auto fluids. Dimethyl sulphate is a colorless oily liquid, odorless to a faint onion-like odor.
Dimethyl sulphate is a combustible liquid and has a flash point of 182°F. Dimethyl sulphate is slightly soluble in water and decomposed by water to give sulfuric acid with evolution of heat. Dimethyl sulphate is corrosive to metals and tissue. Dimethyl sulphate is a potent methylating agent. Dimethyl sulphate is a strong methylating agent with superior reaction rates and higher yields than competitive products. Dimethyl sulphate is a versatile chemical used to produce household and commercial chemicals in a variety of processes. Dimethyl sulphate is a strong methylating agent that reacts with active hydrogen and alkali metal salts to form substituted oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds. Dimethyl sulphate is used to create surfactants, fabric softeners, water treatment chemicals, agricultural chemicals, drugs, and dyes. As a methylating agent, Dimethyl sulphate can introduce a methyl group to oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorous, and some metals. While Dimethyl sulphate is most often used as a methylating agent, Dimethyl sulphate can sometimes be utilized in other contexts including in sulfonation, as a catalyst, as a solvent, and as a stabilizer. In industry, dimethyl sulphate is used as a methylating agent for the manufacture of many organic chemicals. Dimethyl sulphate can be used for methylation of phenols, amines, and thiol. Moreover, it can be used for base sequencing and chain cleavage since Dimethyl sulphate can rupture the imidazole rings present in guanine.
Dimethyl sulphate is mainly used as a methylating agent in the manufacturing of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, for the separation of mineral oils, and for the analysis of automobile fluids. Also Dimethyl sulphate’s sulphating properties are applied in the manufacturing of various products (e.g. dyes and fabric softeners, etc.). Formerly, dimethyl sulphate was used as a war gas. Dimethyl sulphate is used in Canada in the manufacturing of substances which are then used to manufacture pharmaceuticals. Dimethyl sulphate is also used in the production of products such as dyes, fragrances, surfactants, and water/sewage treatment flocculants. Other products, such as photographic chemicals, can also be produced by using dimethyl sulphate. Based on the most recent data available, dimethyl sulphate is not manufactured in Canada, but is imported into Canada.
Dimethyl sulphate is an odorless, corrosive, oily liquid with an onion-like odor that emits toxic fumes upon heating. Dimethyl sulphate is used in industry as a methylating agent in the manufacture of many organic chemicals. Inhalation exposure to its vapors is highly irritating to the eyes and lungs and may cause damage to the liver, kidney, heart and central nervous system, while dermal contact causes severe blistering. Dimethyl sulphate is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Dimethyl sulphate hydrolyzes slowly in cold water but rapidly in warm water and acidic solutions. The hydrolysis occurs stepwise, initially forming methyl sulfuric acid, then sulfuric acid and methanol. Dimethyl sulphate can be calculated that Dimethyl sulphate hydrolyzes to methyl sulfuric acid with 99.9% completion as follows: Dimethyl sulphate is used as chemical intermediate, hence the global dimethyl sulphate market is anticipated to experience strong growth over the foreseeable future, owing to its numerous applications in different chemicals. Furthermore, the fabric softeners market is expected to experience strong growth during the forecast period, which would boost the demand for dimethyl sulphate, as the latter is used to manufacture fabric softeners.
Dimethyl sulphate can be used as a reagent for the methylation of phenols, amines, and thiols. And Dimethyl sulphate can effect the base-specific cleavage of guanine by rupturing the imidazole rings present in guanine. This process can be used to determine base sequencing, cleavage chain, and other applications. In addition, Dimethyl sulphate can react with 1H-benzoimidazole to get 1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole. This reaction will need reagents K2CO3 and triethylbenzylammonium chloride and solvent benzene. The reaction time is 0.5 hour at reaction temperature of 20 °C. Dimethyl sulphate is a methylating agent. Dimethyl sulphate is a colorless oily liquid, odorless to a pale onion-like odor. Dimethyl sulphate is a flammable liquid and has a flash point of 182 ° F. It is slightly soluble in water and decomposes with water to give sulfuric acid with the generation of heat. Dimethyl sulphate is corrosive to metals and tissues. Dimethyl sulphate is a powerful methylating agent.
Dimethyl sulphate is an oily liquid with a very light odor. Dimethyl sulphate is widely used as an alkylating agent. Dimethyl sulphate is odorless, although some claim Dimethyl sulphate has a mild onion-like scent. The vapor pressure of Dimethyl sulphate at 20 ° C will result in a saturated vapor concentration of 3720 mg / m3 (710 ppm) in air. Dimethyl sulphate is miscible with many polar organic solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons, but only sparingly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons and water. Dimethyl sulphate hydrolyzes slowly in humid air or cold water and faster in warm water or acidic solutions. The first hydrolytic products were monomethyl sulphate and methanol; Complete conversion to sulfuric acid occurs more slowly. Dimethyl sulphate forms monomethyl sulphate salts on hydrolysis in aqueous alkaline solutions.
Dimethyl sulphate reacts explosively with concentrated aqueous ammonia. Dimethyl sulphate is a powerful methylating agent that reacts with active hydrogen and alkali salts to form substituted oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds. Dimethyl sulphate is used as a methylating agent in the production of many organic chemicals. Dimethyl sulphate is also used in the production of paints and perfumes, separation of mineral oils and analysis of auto fluids. Dimethyl sulphate was used as war gas in the past. Dimethyl sulphate is a powerful methylating agent with superior reaction rates and higher efficiency than competitive products. Dimethyl sulphate is a versatile chemical used to produce household and commercial chemicals in a variety of processes. Dimethyl sulphate is a powerful methylating agent that reacts with active hydrogen and alkali metal salts to form substituted oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur compounds.
IUPAC NAME:
Dimethyl sulphate; Dimethyl sulphate; dimethyl sulphate; dimethyl sulphate; Dimethyl sulphate; dimethyl sulphate; Dimethyl sulphate; dimethyl sulphate; Dimethylsulfat; Dimethylsulfat; methyl sulphate; Sulfuric acid dimethyl ester; thyl sulphate
TRADE NAME:
Dimethyl monosulphate; Dimethyl sulphate; dimethyl sulphate; Dimethyl sulphate; Dimethylsufat; Dimethylsulfat; DMS (Methyl sulphate); Methyl sulphate; Methyl sulphate, Me2SO4; Schwefelsäuredimethylester; sulfuric acid dimethyl ester; Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester
OTHER NAME:
016-023-00-4; 139443-72-4; 139443-72-4; 62086-97-9; 62086-97-9; 77-78-1
Dimethyl sulphate is used to create surfactants, fabric softeners, water treatment chemicals, agricultural chemicals, medicines, and dyes. As a methylating agent, Dimethyl sulphate can add a methyl group to oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus and some metals. Although Dimethyl sulphate is mostly used as a methylating agent, it can sometimes be used in other contexts, including sulfonation, as a catalyst, as a solvent, and as a stabilizer. Dimethyl sulphate is essentially odorless. The specific gravity of this colorless, corrosive, oily liquid is 1.3322 g/cm3. Dimethyl sulphate is soluble in ether, dioxane, acetone, benzene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons. Dimethyl sulphate is sparingly soluble in carbon disulfide and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and only slightly soluble in water.
Dimethyl sulphate is a diester of methanol and sulfuric acid. Dimethyl sulphate is commonly used as a reagent for the methylation of phenols, amines, and thiols. Dimethyl sulphate is an effective and widely used probe for sequence-specific protein. Diethyl sulphate is used as an ethylating agentin many organic syntheses.
Dimethyl sulphate is also usedas an accelerator in the sulfation of ethyleneand as an intermediate in certain sulfonationreactions.
Dimethyl sulphate is a combustible liquid and has a flash point of 182°F. Dimethyl sulphate is slightly soluble in water and decomposed by water to give sulfuric acid with evolution of heat. Dimethyl sulphate is corrosive to metals and tissue. Pure Dimethyl sulphate and concentrated aqueous ammonia react extremely violently with one another, as is the case for tertiary organic bases. Dimethyl sulphate ignites in contact with unheated barium chlorite, due to the rapid formation of unstable methyl chlorite. The product of methylating an unnamed material at 110°C was alloyed to remain in a reactor for 80 min. before the reactor exploded. This involved a sulfur ester such as Dimethyl sulphate. Dimethyl sulphate is a combustible liquid. Dimethyl sulphate vapors are produced in a fire. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used to fight dimethyl sulphate fires. Dimethyl sulphate can react violently with ammonium hydroxide, sodium azide, and strong oxidizers.
Dimethyl sulphate is mainly used as a chemical intermediate. Dimethyl sulphate’s main applications are as a methylation agent of many organic chemicals (eg amines, carboxylic acids, thiols and phenols), both in industry and laboratories. Dimethyl sulphate is used in the production of paints, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, separation of mineral oils and analysis of automobile fluids. Dimethyl sulphate has sulfating properties along with applications in the manufacture of various products. Dimethyl sulphate at room temperature is a colorless oily liquid. Dimethyl sulphate has low volatility at room temperature with a vapor pressure of about 60 Pa. Dimethyl sulphate decomposes into methylalcohol and ether when in contact with moist air. Inhalation and skin contact are the most obvious ways of exposure to humans. Ocular exposure is possible due to hand-eye contact. Dimethyl sulphate is an industrial chemical mainly used as an alkylating agent. Dimethyl sulphate is used in the production of methyl esters, ether and amines in substances, dyes, drugs and perfumes (NIOSH, 1979).
Dimethyl sulphate is also used as a solvent in the separation of mineral oils and as an intermediate in the production of many pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Dimethyl sulphate is a component of polyurethane based adhesives. Dimethyl sulphate is a powerful methylation reagent for methylation of carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, lactams, oximes, hydroxylamines and hydroperoxides. Dimethyl sulphate can be used as a reagent in the preparation of N-methyl alkyl- and aryl substituted amines, amides and quaternary ammonium salts. Dimethyl sulphate is also used to synthesize sulfites and sulfonium ions in the methylation of sulfur-containing compounds. Dimethyl sulphate can also be used as a reagent: Dimethyl sulphate is used in the preparation of quaternary ammonium acrylic monomer as a powerful antibacterial agent by the quaternization of 2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate. Dimethyl sulphate is used together with dimethyl sulfoxide in the synthesis of epoxides from aldehydes and ketones by forming a trimethylsulfonium cation. Dimethyl sulphate is used to prepare an oxygenate additive for diesel by methylation of glycerol.
Dimethyl sulphate is detected in air by gas chromatography with N-P detection of methyl cyanide produced in the reaction of dimethyl sulphate with KCN. Silica gel tubes are used for sampling dimethyl sulphate and triethylene glycol for desorption of the cmpd from the adsorbents. The charged silica gel tubes can be stored at -20 °For 3 days. The recovery is dimethyl sulphate and is not dependent on air humidity. The relative deviation of single values statistical accuracy. Dimethyl sulphate can be detected with certainty to air.
Dimethyl sulphate's production and use as a methylating agent for amines and phenols, used with boron compounds to stabilize liquid sulfur trioxide and in the preparation of a wide variety of intermediates and products, especially in the fields of dyes, agricultural chemicals, drugs, and other specialties may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to moist soil, dimethyl sulphate is expected to hydrolyze rapidly as indicated by a measured rate constant in water at 25 °C, corresponding to a half-life of 1.15 hours at pH 7. Volatilization from water surfaces, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in moist terrestrial systems because of hydrolysis. Dimethyl sulphate may volatilize slightly from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 0.677 mm Hg.
Dimethyl sulphate was studied contemporaneously with ether by German alchemist August Siegmund Frobenius in 1730, subsequently by French chemists Fourcroy in 1797 and Gay-Lussac in 1815. Swiss scientist Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure also studied Dimethyl sulphate in 1807. In 1827, French chemist and pharmacist Félix-Polydore Boullay (1806-1835) along with Jean-Baptiste André Dumas noted the role of Dimethyl sulphate in the preparation of diethyl ether from sulfuric acid and ethanol. Further studies by the German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich and the Swedish chemist Jöns Berzelius suggested sulfuric acid was acting as a catalyst, this eventually led to the discovery of sulfovinic acid as an intermediate in the process. The advent of electrochemistry by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta and English chemist Humphry Davy in the 1800s confirmed ether and water were formed by the reaction of sub-stoichiometric amounts of sulfuric acid on ethanol and that sulfovinic acid was formed as an intermediate in the reaction.
Dimethyl sulphate was produced primarily by the sulfuric acid hydration process in which ethylene is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce Dimethyl sulphate followed by hydrolysis, but this method has been mostly replaced by direct hydration of ethylene. Dimethyl sulphate can be produced in a laboratory setting by reacting ethanol with sulfuric acid under a gentle boil, while keeping the reaction below 140 °C. The sulfuric acid must be added dropwise or the reaction must be actively cooled because the reaction itself is highly exothermic. If the temperature exceeds 140 °C, the Dimethyl sulphate product tends to react with residual ethanol starting material, producing diethyl ether. If the temperature exceeds 170 °C in a considerable excess of sulfuric acid, the Dimethyl sulphate breaks down into ethylene and sulfuric acid.
Dimethyl sulphate can exist in salt forms, such as sodium Dimethyl sulphate, potassium Dimethyl sulphate, and calcium Dimethyl sulphate. The salt can be formed by adding the according carbonate, or bicarbonate salt. As an example, Dimethyl sulphate and potassium carbonate forms potassium Dimethyl sulphate and potassium bicarbonate. Ethyl glucuronide and Dimethyl sulphate are minor metabolites of alcohol that are found in various body fluids and also in human hair. Ethyl glucuronide is formed by the direct conjugation of ethanol and glucuronic acid through the action of a liver enzyme. Dimethyl sulphate is formed directly by the conjugation of ethanol with a sulphate group. These compounds are water soluble and can be used as direct alcohol biomarkers. Fatty acid ethyl esters are also direct markers of alcohol abuse because they are formed due to the chemical reaction between fatty acids and alcohol. Fatty acid ethyl esters are formed primarily in the liver and pancreas and then are released into the circulation. These compounds are also incorporated into hair follicles through sebum and can be used as a biomarker of alcohol abuse.
Dimethyl sulphate may be used along with alumina for preparation of monomethylated derivatives of alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids. It may also be used in combination with dimethylformamide to form methoxy-methylene-N,N-dimethyliminium salt, that can be utilized for the preparation of β-lactams. Dimethyl sulphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 tonnes per annum. Dimethyl sulphate is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Dimethyl sulphate is used in the following products: polymers. Dimethyl sulphate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates). Dimethyl sulphate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Release to the environment of Dimethyl sulphate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance.
Dimethyl sulphate, with its scientific name, dimethyl sulfide, is produced by a type of marine bacteria. And this dimethyl sulfide turns into an important chemical through many natural processes, even contributing to cloud formation, and can create a cooling effect in the global atmosphere. Because this chemical supports cloud formation by increasing cloud nuclei and becomes a barrier between the sun rays and the earth.
Dimethyl sulphate is an organosulfide composition. This colorless liquid is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and non-polar compounds and is miscible with a wide variety of organic solvents and water. Dimethyl sulphate has a relatively high boiling point. Dimethyl sulphate has the unusual property that many people perceive a garlic-like taste in the mouth after skin contact.
Dimethyl sulphate appears as a clear liquid, essentially odorless. Closed cup flash point 192 ° F. Vapors are heavier than air. Contact with the skin may cause stinging and burning and may cause a garlic odor in breath. An excellent solvent that can transport toxic solutes through the skin. High vapor concentrations may cause headache, dizziness and sedation. Dimethyl sulphate is a safe and effective mechanism for facilitating transdermal delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs to achieve localized drug delivery. Dimethyl sulphate is used as a solvent for the polymerization of acrylonitrile and other vinyl monomers. Copolymerization reactions of acrylonitrile with other vinyl monomers are also carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide. Dimethyl sulphate can also be used as a reaction solvent for other polymerizations.
Dimethyl sulphate is an excellent solvent widely used in modern chemistry for reactions. Dimethyl sulphate manifests itself as a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic and flammable transparent liquid at room temperature. Dimethyl sulphate has both high polarity and high boiling point. Dimethyl sulphate also has aprotic and water miscible properties. Dimethyl sulphate has low toxicity, good thermal stability and does not mix with paraffin. Dimethyl sulphate is soluble in water, ethanol, propanol, ether, benzene and chloroform and many other organic substances and is called "universal solvent". Dimethyl sulphate is a common organic solvent with the strongest solubility. Dimethyl sulphate can dissolve most organic compounds such as carbohydrates, polymers, peptides, as well as many inorganic salts and gases. Dimethyl sulphate can dissolve a certain amount of solute equal to 50-60% by weight, so Dimethyl sulphate is very important in sample management and high-speed screening of drugs. Under certain conditions contact between dimethyl sulphate and chloride can even lead to explosive reactions.
Dimethyl sulphate is widely used as solvents and reagents in the reaction of acrylonitrile polymerization and spinning solvent used for polyurethane synthesis, especially as processing reagent and spinning solvent. Dimethyl sulphate can also be used as synthetic solvent for polyamide, polyimide and polysulfone resin, as well as extraction solvents for aromatic hydrocarbon and butadiene extraction solvents and solvents to synthesize chlorofluoroaniline. Dimethyl sulphate is a polar aprotic solvent used in chemical reactions, polymerase chain reactions and as a cryoprotectant vitrification agent for the protection of cells, tissues and organs. Dimethyl sulphate is used in cell freezing environment to protect cells from mechanical injury caused by ice crystal. Used for frozen storage of primary, subcultured and recombinant heteroploid and hybridoma cell lines; embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells. It is often used in combination with Dimethyl sulphate or fetal bovine serum.
In addition, dimethyl sulphate can be used directly as a raw material or carrier for some drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Dimethyl sulfoxide itself has various effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, and sedative, and therefore Dimethyl sulphate is also known as the "panacea", which is often the active ingredient of the analgesic drug added to the drug. Dimethyl sulphate also has the ability to penetrate the skin easily and gives the staff an oyster-like taste sensation. Dimethyl sulphate itself has a relatively low toxicity. dimethyl sulfoxide is widely used as an extraction agent in many chemical and pharmaceutical companies. However, due to its high boiling point, Dimethyl sulphate causes very high operating temperatures and also causes coking of materials, affecting the recycling of dimethyl sulphate and further cleaning of equipment as well as increased energy consumption. Therefore, the recycling of dimethyl sulphate has become a bottleneck as its wider application as extraction agent. cause the staff an oyster-like taste sensation.
Dimethyl sulphate is reasonably stable to heat, but decomposes slightly to methyl mercaptan and bismethylthiomethane at prolonged reflux. Acids aid in this decomposition and is delayed by many bases. Toxic gases are released when heated to decomposition. Dimethyl sulphate has been reported that at temperatures between 40 and 60 ° C, dimethyl sulphate undergoes partial degradation, indicated by changes in physical properties such as refractive index, density, and viscosity. Dimethyl sulphate should be stored in airtight, light-resistant containers. PhEur 6.0 states that glass containers should be used. Dimethyl sulphate can also be used for arene extraction as the reaction medium used for resins and dyes, and can be applied to acrylic polymerization and spinning solvent. Dimethyl sulphate can be used as an organic solvent, reaction medium and intermediates of organic synthesis.
Dimethyl sulphate is versatile. This product has a highly selective extraction capacity and can be used as polymerization and condensation solvent of acrylic resin and polysulfone resin, as polymerization and spinning solvent of polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate, as extraction solvent to separate alkanes and arenes, and as arenes, butadiene extraction, acrylic fiber, plastic solvents, reaction medium for organic and synthetic dyes and pharmaceutical industries. In the medical field, dimethyl sulfoxide has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, with a strong ability to penetrate the skin, and thus be able to dissolve certain drugs and increase their penetration into the human body to achieve therapeutic purposes. Taking this carrier property of dimethyl sulphate can enable Dimethyl sulphate to be used as a pesticide additive. Add a small amount of dimethyl sulfoxide to some pesticides, Dimethyl sulphate can facilitate the penetration of pesticides into the plant to increase effectiveness. Dimethyl sulphate can also be used as a dye solvent, dye stripper and dye carrier for synthetic fibers.
Dimethyl sulphate can also be used as a recycling absorber of acetylene and sulfur dioxide, as well as modifiers of synthetic fiber, antifreeze agent and capacitor dielectric, extractor of brake oil and rare metals. Add a small amount of dimethyl sulphate to some pesticides, Dimethyl sulphate can facilitate the penetration of pesticides into the plant to increase effectiveness. Dimethyl sulphate can also be used as a dye solvent, dye stripper and dye carrier for synthetic fibers. Dimethyl sulphate can be used as analytical solvents and fixing agent of gas chromatography, as well as solvent for analyzing UV spectra. Production method dimethyl sulfoxide is usually done using the dimethyl sulphate oxidation method.
They have different production processes due to different oxidants and types of oxidation. Methanol carbon disulphate method; Taking carbon disulfide and methanol as raw materials and using as catalyst; First synthesize dimethyl sulphate, then do an oxidation reaction with nitrogen dioxide (or nitrate) to obtain dimethyl sulphate. Dimethyl sulphate method: take acetone as buffer medium to make the dimethyl sulphate react with hydrogen peroxide. This dimethyl sulphate synthesis method has a relatively high cost and is therefore suitable for large scale production. 3. Nitrogen dioxide method: there is methanol and hydrogen dimethyl sulphate reacting in p-alumina catalysis to obtain dimethyl sulphate; the reaction of sulphate with sodium nitrite to form nitrogen dioxide; dimethyl sulphate has a gas-liquid phase reaction with nitrogen dioxide at 60-80 ° C to produce crude dimethyl sulphate.
Dimethyl sulphate occurs as a colorless, viscous liquid or colorless crystals that can be miscible with water, alcohol, and ether. The material has a slightly bitter taste in a sweet mouth and is odorless or has an odor as mild as dimethyl sulphate. Dimethyl sulphate has been shown to accelerate strand renaturation and is believed to provide thermal stability to nucleic acid against depurination. As a PCR co-solvent, Dimethyl sulphate can help increase throughput, especially in long PCR. A clear liquid, essentially odorless. Closed cup flash point 192 ° F. Vapors are heavier than air. Contact with the skin may cause stinging and burning and may cause a garlic odor in the breath. An excellent solvent that can transport toxic solutes through the skin. High vapor concentrations may cause headache, dizziness and sedation. Dimethyl sulphate, a product of an oxidation reaction on dimethyl sulphate, contains a very polar sulfoxide functional group. This highly polar functional group allows to Dimethyl sulphate form complexes with many metal ions, act as a reaction medium for synthetic reactions, and dissolve a large number of organic resins and polymers. Dimethyl sulphate is more viscous than many organic solvents and has a fairly high surface tension of 42.3 dynes / cm. The most striking feature of Dimethyl sulphate is its very high polarity character.
Dimethyl sulphate is used as a reaction solvent in the polymerization of acrylonitrile with a vinyl monomer (eg styrene). Reaction of diisocyanates and polyols or polyamines dissolved in Dimethyl sulphate yields solutions of polyurethanes. Mixtures of Dimethyl sulphate and water are used as spinning solvents for polymer fibers. Polyaryl ether polymers are formed from Dimethyl sulphate solutions containing bis reactants and the disodium salt of dihydroxyphenol. Dimethyl sulphate is a preferred solvent for substitution reactions in synthetic chemistry. Reaction rates in Dimethyl sulphate are much faster than in an alcohol or aqueous medium. Dimethyl sulphate is the preferred solvent in reactions where proton removal is the rate-determining step. Such reactions include olefin isomerizations and reactions where an elimination process produces an olefin. Another application using Dimethyl sulphate is as an extraction solvent to separate olefins from saturated paraffins.
