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Dimethylolpropionic acid based dendrimers have potent applications as delivery systems for potent anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and doxorubicin, as well as agents for both boron neutron capture therapy and photodynamic therapy.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is an organic compound characterized by the presence of two hydroxymethyl groups attached to a propionic acid backbone.
Dimethylolpropionic acid based fourth generation tridendron dendrimer having 48 hydroxyl groups was synthesized.
CAS Number: 4767-03-7
Molecular Formula: C5H10O4
Molecular Weight: 134.13
EINECS Number: 225-306-3
Synonyms: 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 4767-03-7, Dimethylolpropionic acid, 3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid, 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid, DTXSID4027577, NSC-96616, UNII-4NHI8V17MN, DIHYDROXYPIVALIC ACID, .alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylolpropionic acid, DTXCID607577, PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-, 2,2-dihydroxymethylpropanoic acid, EINECS 225-306-3, DIMETHYLOLPROPIONIC ACID [MI], EC 225-306-3, alpha,alpha-Dimethylolpropionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-propionic acid, DIMETHYLOLPROPIONIC ACID [INCI], Propanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl, inchi=1/c5h10o4/c1-5(2-6,3-7)4(8)9/h6-7h,2-3h2,1h3,(h,8,9), ptbdihrzydmnkb-uhfffaoysa-n, 2,2-Bis(Hydroxymethyl)Propanoicacid, Propanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-, 2,2-Dimethylolpropionic acid, Dimethylol propionic acid, MFCD00004199, 4NHI8V17MN, Hydracrylic acid, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-, NSC 96616, propanoic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, Propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, .alpha.,.alpha.-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-Dimethylolpropionic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, Bis-MPA, SCHEMBL26766, dihydroxymethyl propionic acid, 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid, SCHEMBL7259462, Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, CHEMBL3183172, 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid, 2,2-bis(Me-OH)-propionic acid, CHEBI:177432, BCP05563, NSC96616, Tox21_200460, BBL011502, SBB065922, STL146614, 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl propionic acid, 2.2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, Propionic acid,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-propanoic acid, 2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, AKOS005259500, FD02504, 2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-propionic acid, NCGC00248633-01, NCGC00258014-01, 2,?2-?Bis(hydroxymethyl)?propionic Acid, AS-13552, SY004305, CAS-4767-03-7, alpha,alpha-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 98%, B1192, CS-0015105, NS00004312, ST51037881, D71069, EN300-117897, 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpropionic acid, 3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoicacid, 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-propionic acid, 3-hydroxyl-2-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpropionic acid, 3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid #, Q27260246, F2191-0186, 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid;DMPA;3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid, 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid;2,2-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPIONIC ACID 98%;2,2-DIMETHYLOL PROPIONIC ACID ( BIS DMPA );2,2-DIMETHYLOLPROPIONIC ACID;2,2-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPIONIC ACID;DIMETHYLOLPROPIONIC ACID;DMPA(R);DMPA
Dimethylolpropionic acid is a 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is commonly used as an AB2 monomer for the synthesis of hyperbranched (hb) polymers and dendrimers.
Dimethylolpropionic acid was used in the synthesis and characterization studies of polyurethane dispersion modified with polymethylsiloxane (Si-PUD) and its nanocomposites incorporated with clays.
Chemically, Dimethylolpropionic acid is known as 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, with the molecular formula C₅H₁₀O₄.
Dimethylolpropionic acid appears as a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and various organic solvents due to its polar hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is widely utilized in the chemical industry, particularly as a key building block in the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane dispersions and polyesters, where its hydroxyl groups facilitate polymer chain extension and cross-linking.
Because of its bifunctional nature—containing both acidic and hydroxyl groups—it provides enhanced hydrophilicity and reactivity to polymers, enabling the production of coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers that have improved durability, flexibility, and resistance to environmental factors.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is a highly versatile and multifunctional organic compound prominently utilized in advanced chemical manufacturing processes due to its unique molecular structure.
Dimethylolpropionic acid belongs to the class of hydroxycarboxylic acids, featuring two hydroxymethyl (–CH₂OH) groups attached to the same carbon atom of a propionic acid backbone, making it a bifunctional molecule that contains both hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxylic acid (–COOH) functional groups.
This distinct chemical configuration endows Dimethylolpropionic acid with excellent reactivity and compatibility for diverse chemical reactions, particularly in polymer chemistry.
The presence of two hydroxyl groups allows Dimethylolpropionic acid to act as a crosslinker or chain extender in polymer synthesis, where it can react with isocyanates, epoxides, or other polymer precursors to form branched or crosslinked polymer networks.
Meanwhile, its acidic carboxyl group provides sites for neutralization or further chemical modification, which contributes to the polymer’s water dispersibility and ionic character.
These properties make DMPA especially valuable in the formulation of waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs), which are environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional solvent-based polyurethane coatings.
The resulting polymers exhibit excellent mechanical properties, flexibility, and adhesion, combined with low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, meeting modern environmental regulations and sustainability goals.
Dimethylolpropionic acid unique and versatile hindered diol molecule with both hydroxyl and carboxy functionality.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is an odourless, free flowing white crystalline solid which provides superior advantages in the formulation and processing of water soluble resins.
Dimethylolpropionic acid has a neutralization equivalent of 141.0 max., a decomposition temperature of 230°C, and a water insolubles amount of 50.0ppm max.
The neopentyl structure of this trifunctional compound, having two primary hydroxyl groups and one tertiary carboxylic group, permits simplified processing by allowing the combining of all reactants in a single kettle charge.
Good control of the reaction is possible due to the slower esterification rate of the tertiary carboxyl, assuring a uniform distribution of carboxyl groups along the resin backbone.
The free acid group actively promotes resin water solubility or water dispersibility after neutralization with a base, easily introduces a polar group to improve coating adhesion and synthetic fiber dye receptivity, and increases the alkali solubility of deposited films.
Melting point: 189–191 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 167.23 °C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.84
Vapor density: <1 (vs air)
Refractive index: 1.4240 (estimate)
Flash point: >150 °C
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere, Room Temperature
Solubility: H2O: soluble
Form: Crystalline Powder
pKa: 4.16 ± 0.15 (Predicted)
Color: White
pH: 2.6 (50 g/L, H2O, 20 ℃)
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,3253
BRN: 1756385
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Dimethylolpropionic acid acts as a dispersing agent.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is odorless, and appears as a free flowing white crystal with molecular weight of 134.13.
It can be used in water soluble PU system, water soluble alkyd resin, polyester resin and PU elastomer.
Dimethylolpropionic acid Market size is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.6% during 2022-2027 and is expected to reach a value of USD$534 million by the year 2027.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is an organic compound with one carboxyl and two hydroxy groups.
It is an odorless, non-toxic crystalline solid which is used in a variety of syntheses.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is primarily used in the production of aqueous anionic polyurethane dispersions and is used in the field of powder coatings, epoxy ester coatings, urethane elastomers, adhesives, and so on.
It is also used in the production of water-soluble resins and adds improved stability to it.
In this report, we will take a look at the various segments of the Dimethylolpropionic acid Market and analyze the market landscape, drivers, and challenges within the forecast period of 2022-2027.
Besides its critical role in polyurethane chemistry, Dimethylolpropionic acid is also used in the production of polyesters, polyacrylates, and other specialty polymers, where it imparts enhanced hydrophilicity and facilitates the tuning of polymer solubility and film-forming characteristics.
This versatility enables the manufacture of coatings, adhesives, sealants, textile finishes, and elastomers with superior performance attributes such as water resistance, chemical stability, and flexibility under varied environmental conditions.
In the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, Dimethylolpropionic acid serves as a key intermediate in synthesizing compounds that require precise molecular architectures, such as drug delivery systems and skincare formulations.
The ability to introduce both hydrophilic and reactive groups makes it possible to design molecules with specific targeting capabilities or controlled release profiles.
In addition to polymer chemistry, Dimethylolpropionic acid is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceutical agents, cosmetic formulations, and specialty chemicals where controlled molecular architecture and functionality are desired.
Its ability to introduce carboxyl and hydroxyl groups into molecular structures allows for further chemical modifications, such as esterification or amidation, expanding its utility in advanced material synthesis.
Despite its industrial importance, Dimethylolpropionic acid is considered relatively safe under typical handling conditions, though it should be handled with care to avoid inhalation of dust or prolonged skin contact, as it may cause irritation.
Dimethylolpropionic acid plays a crucial role in modern materials science, enabling the development of innovative, environmentally friendly polymers and products with tailored performance characteristics.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is generally regarded as having low toxicity, but like many chemical intermediates, it should be handled with proper protective measures to avoid skin and eye irritation or respiratory discomfort due to dust inhalation.
Industrial use typically involves solutions or formulations where exposure risks are minimized.
Uses:
Dimethylolpropionic acid is a versatile organic materials.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is used as water-based polyurethane chain extender, also make the polyurethane obtained from emulsifying properties, excellent stability can be made self-emulsifying aqueous polyurethane.
For preparation a photosensitive resin and liquid crystal materials; for epoxy ester coatings, polyurethane elastomers and powder coatings; Preparation of magnetic recording materials and adhesives etc..
Dimethylolpropionic acid is commonly used as an AB2 monomer for the synthesis of hyperbranched (hb) polymers and dendrimers.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is a crucial chemical intermediate with diverse applications that span from environmentally friendly coatings and adhesives to advanced biomedical polymers and personal care products.
Its multifunctional chemical structure enables the development of innovative, high-performance materials that meet stringent environmental, mechanical, and functional requirements across numerous industries.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is a highly valued chemical intermediate predominantly used in the synthesis of advanced polymeric materials due to its multifunctional nature, which allows it to impart unique physical and chemical properties to the end products.
One of the most significant applications of Dimethylolpropionic acid is in the production of waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs), where it serves as a critical building block that introduces hydrophilic carboxyl groups into the polymer backbone.
This modification facilitates the formation of stable aqueous dispersions of polyurethane, which are widely used as environmentally friendly coatings and adhesives that comply with strict regulations on volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
These coatings provide excellent durability, flexibility, chemical resistance, and adhesion, making them ideal for automotive finishes, wood coatings, textiles, and industrial protective layers.
In addition to its pivotal role in polyurethane chemistry, Dimethylolpropionic acid is also extensively employed in the manufacture of polyesters and polyester polyols, where it functions as a monomer that enhances polymer chain branching and crosslinking.
This ability improves the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and elasticity of the resulting materials, which are then used in a variety of applications such as elastomeric fibers, packaging films, and specialty adhesives.
The presence of the acid group also enables easy neutralization and water dispersibility, making these polymers suitable for water-based formulations in paints, inks, and sealants.
Another important use of Dimethylolpropionic acid lies in the cosmetics and personal care industry, where it is incorporated into formulations as an intermediate for creating polymeric thickeners, film-formers, and emulsion stabilizers.
Its hydrophilic properties contribute to the improved texture, spreadability, and moisture retention of creams, lotions, and hair care products.
Furthermore, Dimethylolpropionic acid-based polymers can provide long-lasting film formation on skin or hair, enhancing the product’s performance and consumer appeal.
In the pharmaceutical sector, Dimethylolpropionic acid serves as a precursor in the synthesis of drug delivery systems and biomedical polymers that require precise control over molecular architecture and hydrophilicity.
Polymers derived from DMPA can be engineered to carry therapeutic agents, release them in a controlled manner, and degrade safely within the body, thus playing an essential role in modern medical treatments and advanced biomaterials.
Industrial applications also benefit from Dimethylolpropionic acid properties; it is used to manufacture adhesives and sealants that require excellent bonding strength and environmental resistance, especially in sectors like construction, automotive, and electronics.
The ability of DMPA to introduce carboxyl groups enables post-polymerization modifications, such as crosslinking or grafting with other monomers, which tailor the adhesive or sealant properties to specific end-use requirements.
Dimethylolpropionic acid is used in the production of waterborne inks and paints, where it improves pigment dispersion, adhesion to substrates, and film formation.
The environmental advantage of these waterborne systems lies in reduced emissions of harmful solvents, contributing to safer workplaces and compliance with environmental standards.
Safety Profile:
Dimethylolpropionic acid is generally considered to be of low toxicity, but like many chemical substances, it presents certain hazards that must be acknowledged and managed to ensure safe handling and use.
When in solid form, DMPA appears as a white crystalline powder, and exposure to this powder may cause mechanical irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact can lead to dryness, redness, or mild irritation, while direct contact with the eyes may cause watering, redness, or discomfort, particularly if not washed away promptly.
Inhalation of dust or fine particles generated during handling or processing of Dimethylolpropionic acid can irritate the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and lungs, potentially causing coughing, sneezing, or shortness of breath.
Individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma may be more sensitive to airborne dust exposure, so the use of appropriate respiratory protective equipment and adequate ventilation is recommended in industrial or laboratory settings where dust formation is likely.
Although Dimethylolpropionic acid is not classified as a corrosive or highly reactive chemical, its acidic nature means that direct contact with concentrated material could cause mild to moderate irritation on sensitive tissues.
Ingestion of significant amounts of dimethylolpropionic acid is unlikely in normal industrial or laboratory use, but accidental ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation, including symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort.
