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DIPHENYL ETHER

DIPHENYL ETHER

CAS NUMBER: 101-84-8

EC NUMBER: 202-981-2

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C12H10O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 170.21

Diphenyl Ether is an aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. 
Diphenyl Ether has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla.

Diphenyl Ether has a role as a plant metabolite. 
Diphenyl Ether is a colorless solid. 
This, the simplest diaryl ether, has a variety of niche applications. 

Diphenyl ether is widely used as a heat transfer agent and a dye carrier.
Diphenyl Ether is employed as a processing aid in the production of polyesters.

Diphenyl Ether acts as a chemical intermediate in the production of surface active agents and high temperature lubricants, fire retardants like polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDEs) and fragrance for detergents. 
Diphenyl Ether  plays a vital role in the Ferrario reaction to produce phenoxathiin, which finds application in polyamide and polyimide production.

Diphenyl Ether is used in the manufacture of high-temperature lubricants and surfactants, as a fragrance, particularly in soap and detergents, as a heat-transfer medium in resins for laminated electrical insulation, as a dye carrier in the production of polyesters, and as a chemical intermediate for such reactions as halogenation, acylation, and alkylation.

Diphenyl Ether is used instead of fragrant leaf oil, which is suitable for dressing.
As an organic synthesis intermediate, Diphenyl Ether is used for the spice industry, synthetic resin and other organic synthesis production.

Diphenyl ether (diphenyl oxide) is a colorless liquid with a floral odor. 
Diphenyl Ether is a white, crystalline solid at temperatures below 80ºF (27ºC). 
Diphenyl Ether appears as colorless liquid with a mild pleasant odor. May float or sink in water. 

Diphenyl Ether has low volatility.
Diphenyl Ether has low solubility in water, and is stable at high temperatures.

Liquid diphenyl oxide is used primarily in industry. It is used in the industrial setting as a heat transfer fluid.
Diphenyl Ether has not been observed in nature.

Diphenyl Ether is a colorless liquid or a crystalline solid (mp 26.8°C) with an odor reminiscent of geranium leaves.
Diphenyl ether is obtained as a by-product in the production of phenol by high-pressure hydrolysis of chlorobenzene.

Diphenyl Ether is used in the formulation of daily aroma essence and in the preparation of artificial leaf oil. 
Due to the coarse aroma of Diphenyl Ether, large amounts of Diphenyl Ether are used in synthetic detergents, mainly used for low-grade soaps and flavor and other products. 

Because of Diphenyl Ethers stability and low price, Diphenyl Ether is used in large quantities in soap perfumes.
Diphenyl ether is found in alcoholic beverages. 

Diphenyl ether is present in muscat grapes, green tea, vanilla, lemon balm, buckwheat, potato chips and grilled beef. 
Diphenyl ether is a flavouring ingredient Diphenyl ether is a starting material in the production of phenoxathiin via the Ferrario reaction. 

Diphenyl Ether is a significant side product in the high-pressure hydrolysis of chlorobenzene in the production of phenol. Several polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are useful flame retardants. 

Diphenyl Ether is especially used as one of the components of high temperature heat load. 
Diphenyl Ether's mixture and biphenyl is produced by a mixture of 73.5:26.5. 
From the mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl ether, low freezing point dowtherm LF can still be used at low temperature, low viscosity heating medium -30℃. 

Diphenyl ether has aromas of leaves and begonias, as well as sweet orange and calendula oils, known in the spice industry as crystal germinal oil or artificial leaf oil. Diphenyl Ether is more stable to alkalinity. 
Diphenyl Ether plays a vital role in the Ferrario reaction to produce phenoxathiin, which finds application in polyamide and polyimide production. 

Diphenyl Ether is a significant side product in the high-pressure hydrolysis of chlorobenzene in the production of phenol. (Involving similar reactions).
Diphenyl Ether is found in alcoholic beverages. 

Diphenyl Ether  is present in muscat grapes, green tea, vanilla, lemon balm, buckwheat, potato chips and grilled beef. 
Diphenyl Ether is a flavouring ingredient.

On a commercial scale, Diphenyl Ether is used for various applications - heat transfer fluid is one of them. 
Other than this, Diphenyl Ether is used for fragrance chemicals due to its aroma characteristics, in polymer production.

Diphenyl Ether  replaces low grade Balsam oil. 
Diphenyl Ether is suitable for perfumed cosmetics, soap and deodorant use.
Diphenyl Ether can react with oxidizing materials. 

Diphenyl Ether is subject to various reactions like hydroxylation, halogenation, nitration, Friedel Crafts alkylation and sulfonation.
Diphenyl Ether is a colorless sticky liquid with a pleasant odor. Diphenyl oxide may sink or float in water depending on its density.

Diphenyl Ether is called crystal geranium oil or artificial geranium oil in the perfume industry. 
Diphenyl Ether is usually used for preparing essences for soaps. 
Diphenyl Ether is also used as a substitute of geranium oil for preparing fragrant cosmetics and deodorants.

Diphenyl Ether is an aromatic grade ether in which, oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents to form the product. 
Diphenyl Ether is basically a colorless crystalline product that is available in solid as well as liquid form. 

 

USES OF DIPHENYL ETHER:

Diphenyl Ether is widely used as a heat transfer agent and a dye carrier. 
Diphenyl Ether is employed as a processing aid in the production of polyesters.

Diphenyl Ether is widely used as a heat transfer agent and a dye carrier. 
Diphenyl Ether can be used alone or as a mixture with other materials. 

Because of Diphenyl Ethers reactivity, Diphenyl Ether can also be used as a raw material or chemical intermediate to produce commercial products. 
Diphenyl Ether is employed as a processing aid in the production of polyesters. 

Diphenyl Ether acts as a chemical intermediate in the production of surface active agents and high temperature lubricants, fire retardants like polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and fragrance for detergents.

Halogenated Diphenyl Ether used in insecticides, wood preservatives, and flame retardants for appliance casings in consumer electronic products.
Diphenyl Ether also can be used in Heat-transfer medium,  in perfuming soaps; in organic syntheses.

Diphenyl Ether is used for a variety of applications such as processing media, raw materials, or solvents in many industries.
Diphenyl Ether is used widely in soap perfumes.

Diphenyl Ether is used for including chemicals, fragrances and petrochemicals.
Diphenyl Ether is usually used for preparing essences for soaps. 
Diphenyl Ether is also used as a substitute of geranium oil for preparing fragrant cosmetics and deodorants.

Diphenyl Ether  is used to blend soap essence.
Diphenyl Ether is also used for floral fragrance, deodorant, etc.
Diphenyl Ether is especially used as one of the components of high temperature heat load. 

Diphenyl Ether is used in the formulation of daily aroma essence and in the preparation of artificial leaf oil. 
Diphenyl Ether is used instead of fragrant leaf oil, which is suitable for dressing.

 

APPLICATIONS OF DIPHENYL ETHER:

-Perfumery

-Particularly soaps

-Heat-transfer medium resins for laminated electrical insulation

-Chemical intermediate for such reactions as halogenation, acylation, alkylation.

-Air care products

-Cleaning and furnishing care products

-Laundry and dishwashing products

-Non-TSCA use

-Personal care products

-Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIPHENYL ETHER:

-Boiling point:  259 °C (lit.)

-Melting point:  25-27 °C (lit.)

-Density:  1.073 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

-Molar mass:  170.211 g·mol−1

-Appearance: Colorless solid or liquid

-Odor:  geranium-like

-Density:  1.08 g/cm3 (20°C)

-Melting point:  25 to 26 °C (77 to 79 °F; 298 to 299 K)

-Boiling point:  121 °C (250 °F; 394 K)[3] at 1.34 kPa (10.05 mm Hg), 258.55 °C at 100 kPa (1 bar)

-Solubility in water: Insoluble

-Vapor pressure:  0.02 mmHg (25°C)[2]

-Liquid molar volume:  0.160758 cu m/kmol

 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIPHENYL ETHER:

-Vapor density:  >5.86 (25 °C, vs air)

-Vapor pressure:  <1 mmHg ( 20 °C)

-Assay:  ≥99%

-Form:  crystalline

-Autoignition temp.:  1144 °F

-Expl. lim.:  1.5 %

-Refractive index:  n20/D 1.579 (lit.)

-Solubility: alcohol: soluble(lit.); benzene: soluble(lit.); diethyl ether: soluble(lit.); glacial acetic acid: soluble(lit.); water: insoluble(lit.)

-Magnetic susceptibility (χ):  -108.1·10−6 cm3/mol

-Heat of fusion:  4.115 kcal/mol

 

PRODUCTION OF DIPHENYL ETHER:

Diphenyl Ethers are prepared by Ullmann reaction of alkali metal phenolates with halobenzenes in the presence of basic copper carbonate and/or copper salts of lower aliphatic carboxylic acids as catalysts.
These special catalysts have a better catalytic activity than other copper catalysts known for the Ullmann reaction.
The Diphenyl Ethers prepared or obtainable according to the invention are mainly intermediates in diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals or plant protecting agents.


STORAGE OF DIPHENYL ETHER:

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from HEAT.
Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. 
If solid: sweep spilled substance into containers. 
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. 

Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. 
Separated from strong oxidants.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access. 
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. 

Diphenyl Ether is not compatible with OXIDIZING AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) and STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC). 

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.


SYNONYMS:

Diphenyl oxide
Phenyl ether
Phenoxybenzene
Oxydibenzene
Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis-
1,1'-oxydibenzene
Phenyl oxide
Oxybisbenzene
Diphenyl oxide
Phenyl ether
Phenoxybenzene
Oxydibenzene
Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis-
1,1'-oxydibenzene
Phenyl oxide
Oxybisbenzene
Biphenyl oxide
Oxydiphenyl
Geranium crystals
Ether, diphenyl-
Chemcryl JK-EB
Benzene, phenoxy-
Diphenylether
1,1'-Oxybis(benzene)
Phenyl ether, vapor
1,1'-Oxybisbenzene
Ether, diphenyl
Diphenylaether
Diphenyloxid
phenoxy-benzene
1-Phenoxybenzene

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