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Dipropylene Glycol DPG is a water-soluble, hygroscopic glycol primarily employed as a solvent, coupling agent, viscosity modifier, humectant, and reactive chemical intermediate.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) combines low volatility, broad solvency, moderate viscosity, and useful compatibility with water, oils, hydrocarbons, and numerous organic ingredients.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is commercially supplied as a mixture of three closely related structural isomers and is available in industrial, low-odor, fragrance, and personal-care grades.
CAS Number: 25265-71-8
EC Number: 246-770-3
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₄O₃
Molecular Weight: 134.17 g/mol
SYNONYMS
Dipropylene Glycol, DPG, Dipropylenglycol, Dipropylenglykol, Bis(hydroxypropyl) Ether, Bis(hydroxypropyl)ether, Oxydipropanol, Oxybispropanol, Oxybis(propyl Alcohol), Hydroxypropyl Ether, Propylene Glycol Dimer, Dipropylene Glycol Mixed Isomers, Dipropylene Glycol Isomer Mixture, Dipropylene Glycol Technical Grade, Dipropylene Glycol Industrial Grade, Dipropylene Glycol Fragrance Grade, DPG Regular Grade, DPG Industrial Grade, DPG Fragrance Grade, DPG Low-Odor Grade, DPG LO+, 4-Oxa-2,6-heptanediol, 1,1'-Oxydi-2-propanol, 2,2'-Oxydipropanol, 2-(2-Hydroxypropoxy)propan-1-ol, 1-(2-Hydroxypropoxy)propan-2-ol, 2,2'-Dihydroxydipropyl Ether, 2,2'-Dihydroxydiisopropyl Ether, 2-Hydroxypropyl 2'-Hydroxyisopropyl Ether, Oxybispropanol Isomer Mixture, Di-1,2-Propylene Glycol, Di-1,2-propanediol Ether, Bis(1-hydroxypropyl) Ether, Bis(2-hydroxypropyl) Ether, Hydroxypropoxypropanol, Dihydroxydipropyl Ether, Dihydroxydiisopropyl Ether, Propanol Oxybis-, Propanol, Oxybis-, Oxybispropanol, Dipropylene Glycol Mixture, DPG Solvent, DPG Carrier, EC 246-770-3, EINECS 246-770-3, CAS 25265-71-8
APPLICATIONS
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) serves as a high-boiling solvent in industrial formulations requiring low evaporation and extended working time.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enhances ingredient compatibility by coupling water-soluble and oil-soluble components within carefully balanced formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports the preparation of homogeneous liquid products by dissolving or dispersing a broad range of compatible organic materials.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) provides moderate viscosity and low vapor pressure, thereby improving handling in processes where rapid solvent loss is undesirable.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) functions as a fragrance carrier in perfumes, colognes, deodorants, room fragrances, and related odor-sensitive formulations when an appropriate fragrance grade is selected.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes to fragrance uniformity by helping aromatic ingredients remain evenly distributed throughout the finished product.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) facilitates controlled fragrance release because its low volatility reduces premature evaporation of dissolved perfume components.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) offers excellent cosolvency with water, soap bases, oils, and hydrocarbons while maintaining a nearly odorless background in high-purity grades.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) finds application in skin-care creams and lotions as a solvent, coupling agent, and humectant when cosmetic-grade material is used.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) promotes smooth product texture by supporting the uniform incorporation of fragrance oils and compatible functional ingredients.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enables sun-care and moisturizing formulations to combine aqueous and oil-based components more effectively.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) provides formulation flexibility in personal-care products where low odor, water solubility, and consistent purity are important.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) serves as a multifunctional ingredient in shampoos, conditioners, styling products, and selected hair-color formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enhances the solubility and distribution of compatible perfumes, conditioning ingredients, and formulation additives.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports uniform application by modifying viscosity and helping liquid ingredients spread across the hair more evenly.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) allows manufacturers to formulate hair-care products with reduced solvent odor when a suitable low-odor grade is employed.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) functions as a carrier and cosolvent in roll-on, stick, and spray deodorant formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes to uniform distribution of fragrance materials and other compatible ingredients within deodorant bases.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) facilitates processing by remaining fluid and stable across normal manufacturing and filling temperatures.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) offers low volatility and nearly neutral odor, making fragrance-grade material particularly suitable for odor-sensitive products.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) finds application in shaving creams, shaving gels, foams, and after-shave lotions formulated with compatible cosmetic ingredients.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports the incorporation of fragrances and oil-soluble components into predominantly aqueous product systems.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enhances spreading behavior while contributing to moisture retention in suitable personal-care formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) provides manufacturers with a versatile coupling agent for products requiring clarity, consistency, and controlled fragrance delivery.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) serves as a solvent and formulation aid in bath products, shower products, liquid soaps, and specialty cleansing preparations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) helps combine water, surfactants, fragrances, oils, and other compatible ingredients into stable product systems.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes to viscosity adjustment and improved ingredient distribution in selected liquid cleanser formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enables the use of fragrance and personal-care ingredients that might otherwise show limited compatibility with water-rich bases.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) functions as a solvent and coupling agent in industrial cleaners where low volatility and water miscibility are advantageous.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) promotes the incorporation of oily soils, surfactants, fragrances, and compatible cleaning ingredients into homogeneous formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports extended surface contact because it evaporates more slowly than many conventional volatile solvents.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) offers viscosity-modifying properties in liquid soaps, maintenance cleaners, and specialty industrial cleaning systems.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) serves as a solvent in printing inks that require controlled drying and stable pigment or resin distribution.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enhances ink flow by modifying viscosity and supporting the dissolution of compatible binder components.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes to steam-set and specialty printing formulations where a low evaporation rate is technically beneficial.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) provides extended open time while helping manufacturers achieve more uniform printing and application behavior.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) functions as a formulation component in paints and coatings requiring solvency, coupling, and viscosity control.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) facilitates the incorporation of compatible resins, additives, and colorants into water-containing or organic coating systems.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) promotes smoother application by reducing excessive viscosity and extending workable film-formation time.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) offers low volatility that can help coatings remain open long enough for leveling and surface wetting.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) finds application in color emulsions and pigment-containing formulations where uniform dispersion is required.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports the wetting of compatible pigments and helps distribute liquid additives throughout the formulation.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes to stable processing viscosity in selected decorative, industrial, and specialty coating products.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enables formulators to balance water compatibility, organic solvency, drying behavior, and application consistency.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) serves as a raw material in unsaturated polyester resin production where flexibility and hydrolytic stability are desired.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) introduces ether and hydroxyl functionality that participates in polyester-forming reactions.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enhances the flexibility of properly designed resin systems without eliminating their ability to form durable crosslinked structures.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports dicyclopentadiene-based and conventional unsaturated polyester formulations intended for reinforced composites and molded articles.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) functions as an initiator and reactive raw material in the manufacture of urethane polyols.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes hydroxyl functionality that reacts with epoxides or isocyanate-related intermediates during polyurethane production.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports the preparation of polyols used in rigid polyurethane foam systems and specialized urethane materials.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) offers controlled reactivity and water miscibility, making it useful in carefully engineered polyurethane manufacturing processes.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) serves as a precursor in the manufacture of dipropylene glycol dibenzoate plasticizers.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) reacts with benzoic acid to form ester plasticizers used in compatible polymers, adhesives, sealants, and related materials.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enables producers to convert a water-soluble glycol into hydrophobic ester products with different performance characteristics.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports plasticizer manufacturing where controlled esterification, purification, and low residual acidity are required.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) functions as a precursor for dipropylene glycol diacrylate used in radiation-curable resin formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) provides two hydroxyl groups that can be esterified with acrylic acid to obtain a reactive multifunctional monomer.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes flexibility and molecular spacing to appropriately designed ultraviolet- or electron-beam-cured systems.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enables manufacturers to prepare reactive intermediates for specialty coatings, inks, adhesives, and polymer networks.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) finds application in brake-fluid formulations as a high-boiling solvent and coupling component.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports fluid homogeneity by helping combine compatible glycol ethers, inhibitors, lubricants, and other formulation ingredients.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes to low volatility and useful viscosity across a broad range of service temperatures.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) provides a versatile base component for carefully specified hydraulic and braking fluids that must meet established performance standards.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) serves as a coupling agent in selected hydraulic-fluid systems requiring water compatibility and controlled evaporation.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) facilitates the blending of polar and less-polar ingredients within compatible industrial fluid packages.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) promotes stable viscosity and helps maintain fluidity during storage and equipment operation.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) offers manufacturers an intermediate-volatility glycol component for specialty fire-resistant or water-containing hydraulic formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) functions as a solvent and formulation aid in cutting oils and metalworking-fluid concentrates.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes to the dispersion of compatible lubricants, corrosion-control agents, surfactants, and other additives.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports viscosity adjustment and improved ingredient uniformity in selected machining and forming fluids.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) provides low evaporation and water miscibility that can be valuable in semi-aqueous and emulsifiable processing systems.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) serves as a solvent and coupling agent in textile lubricants and fiber-processing formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enhances the distribution of compatible oils and surface-active materials across textile fibers.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports smooth processing by helping control friction, static behavior, and formulation viscosity.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) offers good water compatibility while retaining enough organic solvency for specialized textile-treatment ingredients.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) finds application as a solvent in agricultural and insecticidal formulations when permitted by the relevant product registration.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) promotes the dissolution or uniform dispersion of compatible active ingredients, adjuvants, and formulation aids.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes to stable liquid concentrates by coupling water-compatible and oil-compatible components.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enables controlled application properties while reducing the rapid evaporation associated with more volatile carrier solvents.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) functions as a component in leather-processing additives where solvency, moisture retention, and ingredient compatibility are important.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports the distribution of dyes, oils, finishing agents, and compatible treatment chemicals across leather surfaces.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes to flexible coating and finishing systems by reducing premature drying during application.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) provides a water-miscible glycol medium for specialized leather-treatment formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) serves as a specialized solvent in semiconductor and electronic-material processing where an appropriate high-purity grade is specified.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports the preparation of homogeneous process solutions containing compatible organic or water-soluble ingredients.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) contributes low volatility and controlled viscosity to selected cleaning, coating, or processing formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) requires strict purity, residue, and contamination controls when employed in sensitive electronic applications.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) functions as a laboratory and industrial reaction medium in selected polymerization and organic synthesis processes.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) supports dispersion polymerization systems by providing a polar, high-boiling liquid phase.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) enables controlled reaction temperatures because its boiling point is substantially higher than that of water.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) offers two reactive hydroxyl groups for esterification, etherification, urethane formation, and other derivative-manufacturing routes.
DESCRIPTION
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is generally supplied as a clear, colorless, viscous liquid with little or no perceptible odor.
In its commercial form, Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is hygroscopic and readily absorbs moisture when exposed to humid air.
The product is completely miscible with water and also displays useful solvency for many oils, hydrocarbons, and organic materials.
Its combination of water compatibility and organic solvency accounts for its widespread use as a coupling agent.
Structurally, Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is not normally a single pure molecular isomer.
Commercial Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) consists of three closely related oxybispropanol isomers formed during propylene glycol production.
Each isomer contains two hydroxyl groups and one internal ether linkage.
Because the isomers have similar physical, chemical, and environmental properties, the commercial mixture is commonly handled as one substance under CAS Number 25265-71-8.
Chemically, Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) behaves as an aliphatic diol and glycol ether.
Its two hydroxyl groups allow esterification, etherification, urethane formation, and related condensation reactions.
The internal ether oxygen increases polarity and contributes to compatibility with both aqueous and organic formulation components.
This amphiphilic balance makes Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) particularly effective as a solvent and coupling agent.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is produced as a coproduct during the manufacture of monopropylene glycol from propylene oxide and water.
Process conditions determine the relative production of monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and higher propylene glycols.
The crude glycol stream is separated and purified through distillation to obtain the required commercial grade.
Additional purification and odor-selection procedures are applied when producing fragrance and personal-care grades.
Regular-grade Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is commonly supplied at a purity greater than 99%.
Low-odor and fragrance grades may be distilled to approximately 99.5% purity and subjected to stricter odor and quality controls.
Industrial and fragrance grades have broadly similar physical properties but are intended for different application categories.
The manufacturer’s grade designation must therefore be reviewed before Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is used in cosmetics, fragrances, or other sensitive formulations.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) has a low vapor pressure and evaporates slowly at ordinary room temperature.
Its high boiling range allows formulations to remain workable for longer periods than systems based on highly volatile solvents.
The product nevertheless remains combustible and may form ignitable vapor mixtures when strongly heated.
Processing equipment should therefore control heat, ignition sources, and the accumulation of mist or vapor.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) exhibits medium viscosity, with typical commercial values near 75 mPa·s at 25°C.
Its viscosity decreases substantially as temperature increases, which facilitates pumping and transfer after controlled warming.
At lower temperatures, the material remains liquid well below normal room temperature, although reported freezing or melting values vary with isomer composition and test method.
Variations among commercial grades may also influence viscosity, color, moisture, and odor.
Because Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is hygroscopic, prolonged exposure to atmospheric moisture can change its water content and analytical properties.
Tanks, drums, transfer lines, and partially used containers should therefore remain closed whenever possible.
Dry air or nitrogen blanketing may be considered for moisture-sensitive operations according to supplier guidance and plant practice.
Water contamination should be monitored when Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is used as a reactive intermediate.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is generally stable under recommended storage and processing conditions.
Hazardous polymerization is not expected during normal industrial use.
Contact with strong oxidizing agents should be avoided because oxidation may generate heat and degradation products.
Combustion or severe thermal decomposition can produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and irritating fumes.
Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) normally presents a relatively low acute toxicity profile, although direct exposure should still be minimized.
Undiluted material may cause temporary discomfort or mild irritation to the eyes and skin.
Heated vapor, aerosol, or mist can irritate the respiratory tract when ventilation is inadequate.
The current Safety Data Sheet for the selected grade should always determine workplace controls and emergency procedures.
Commercial quality control commonly includes measurements of purity, color, water content, acidity, density, refractive index, and distillation range.
Fragrance-grade material may also undergo odor-panel evaluation to ensure batch-to-batch consistency.
Industrial grades prioritize reliable solvency, reactivity, viscosity, and compatibility in resin, coating, lubricant, and cleaner applications.
Specifications should be confirmed against the supplier’s current certificate of analysis before production use.
PROPERTIES
Chemical Name: Dipropylene Glycol (DPG)
Chemical Class: Aliphatic diol and glycol ether
CAS Number: 25265-71-8
EC Number: 246-770-3
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₄O₃
Molecular Weight: 134.17 g/mol
Commercial Composition: Mixture of three closely related structural isomers
Appearance: Clear, colorless, viscous liquid
Odor: Nearly odorless to faint glycol-like odor
Physical State: Liquid
Typical Regular-Grade Purity: Greater than 99%
Typical Low-Odor Grade Purity: Approximately 99.5% or higher
Density at 20°C: Approximately 1.020–1.023 g/cm³
Dynamic Viscosity at 25°C: Approximately 75 mPa·s
Kinematic Viscosity at 20°C: Approximately 118 mm²/s
Boiling Range: Approximately 227–235°C
Melting or Freezing Point: Typically below −20°C; values depend on isomer distribution and test method
Flash Point: Approximately 121–130°C, closed cup
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 310–332°C
Vapor Pressure at 25°C: Approximately 0.013 hPa
Relative Vapor Density: Approximately 4.6
Refractive Index at 20–25°C: Approximately 1.439–1.442
Water Solubility: Completely miscible
Solubility in Organic Media: Soluble in many alcohols, ketones, glycols, oils, and compatible organic solvents
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic
pH: Approximately 6–7 in a 100 g/L aqueous solution
Evaporation Rate: Very low
Volatility: Low under normal handling conditions
Explosive Limits: Approximately 2.9–12.6% by volume
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Hazardous Polymerization: Not expected to occur
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and irritating combustion fumes
Storage Classification: Combustible liquid
Environmental Behavior: Water soluble and biodegradable according to commercial product information
FIRST AID
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air.
Keep the person at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
Obtain medical attention if coughing, headache, dizziness, breathing discomfort, or other symptoms persist.
Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Obtain medical advice if irritation, redness, or discomfort develops.
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
Eye Contact:
Rinse the eyes cautiously with clean water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses when present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing while holding the eyelids open.
Obtain medical attention if irritation, pain, or visual discomfort persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by qualified medical personnel.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Contact a physician or poison information center if a substantial quantity has been swallowed or symptoms develop.
Note to Physicians:
No specific antidote is generally identified.
Provide supportive care and treat according to the patient’s symptoms and clinical condition.
Consider the possibility of aspiration only if vomiting occurs or the material has been ingested together with other formulation components.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Handle Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) in accordance with good industrial hygiene and chemical safety practices.
Avoid unnecessary contact with the skin, eyes, and clothing.
Do not breathe heated vapor, aerosol, or mist.
Use closed transfer systems where reasonably practicable.
Wash the hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
Keep containers closed when the product is not being transferred or processed.
Ventilation:
Provide adequate general ventilation in storage and processing areas.
Use local exhaust ventilation where Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) is heated, sprayed, atomized, or handled in enclosed equipment.
Prevent the accumulation of vapor or mist near processing vessels and filling points.
Use respiratory protection when the workplace exposure assessment indicates that engineering controls are insufficient.
Storage:
Store Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) in tightly closed and correctly labeled containers.
Keep the product in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated location.
Protect containers from direct sunlight, ultraviolet exposure, excessive heat, moisture, and physical damage.
Keep Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) separated from strong oxidizing agents and other incompatible materials.
Maintain storage temperatures within the limits recommended by the supplier.
Use dry storage and transfer equipment because Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) readily absorbs atmospheric moisture.
Spill and Leak Procedures:
Stop the source of the leak when this can be done safely.
Remove unnecessary personnel and ventilate the affected area.
Prevent the spilled material from entering drains, soil, groundwater, or surface water.
Contain the liquid with sand, earth, vermiculite, or another compatible inert absorbent.
Collect recovered material in correctly labeled containers for reuse or disposal.
Wash the affected surface after bulk recovery because residual Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) may create a slipping hazard.
Handling Precautions:
Wear suitable protective gloves, safety glasses or chemical goggles, and appropriate work clothing.
Use additional face protection where splashing is reasonably foreseeable.
Keep ignition sources away from heated product, vapor, mist, and contaminated absorbent materials.
Use compatible pumps, hoses, gaskets, seals, tanks, and transfer equipment.
Ground and bond equipment where required by the process risk assessment.
Review the current supplier Safety Data Sheet before large-scale processing, transportation, storage, cleaning, or disposal.
