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DESCRIPTION
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether (DPGME) is a chemical compound commonly used as a solvent in various industrial and consumer products.
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, ether-like odor.
The chemical formula for DPGME is C6H14O3, and it is part of the glycol ether family, specifically derived from the reaction of dipropylene glycol with methanol.
Cas Number: 34590-94-8
SYNONYMS
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether (PGME),Dipropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,DPGME,DPM
Overview of the Chemical and Its Importance: Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether (DPGME), with the chemical formula C6H14O3, is a solvent that belongs to the ether family of organic compounds.
It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, slightly sweet odor, often used in various industrial and consumer applications.
The compound is derived from propylene oxide and methanol, making it a member of the glycol ether family, which are solvents known for their versatile use in dissolving both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.
DPGME is particularly valued for its combination of good solvency power, low toxicity, and low volatility.
This makes it a popular choice in diverse fields, including cleaning agents, paint thinners, coatings, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Additionally, DPGME has applications in electronic industries as a cleaning solvent and in the fragrance industry as a carrier for essential oils.
General Chemical Properties and Uses:
Molecular Formula: C6H14O3
Molar Mass: 134.18 g/mol
Density: 0.933 g/cm³
Boiling Point: 187–188°C
Melting Point: −79°C
Flash Point: 94°C
DPGME is used as a solvent due to its ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar compounds, which makes it versatile in formulations across a wide range of products.
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether is commonly found in the formulation of cleaning products, as it can effectively dissolve oils and grease.
In cosmetics, DPGME is used as a solubilizing agent, especially in the preparation of emulsions and creams.
Its mildness and low toxicity also make it suitable for use in personal care products like lotions and shampoos.
Chemical Structure and Properties
Molecular Formula and Structure: Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether consists of two ethoxy groups attached to a central carbon atom, with a methyl group (–CH3) attached to one of the oxygen atoms.
This structure is representative of glycol ethers, a family of organic compounds commonly used as solvents.
The molecule has a relatively simple structure that gives it high solubility in water, as well as many organic solvents.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Slightly sweet, mild
Viscosity: 2.36 cP at 25°C (viscous enough to be used in paint formulations)
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, and acetone. It has limited solubility in oils, which is beneficial in many applications where compatibility with various substances is needed.
Chemical Properties and Reactivity: DPGME is a relatively stable compound under normal conditions.
It is resistant to oxidation and does not readily react with water or air.
However, like many ether compounds, it can form peroxides when exposed to oxygen in the presence of light, though this is typically avoided in industrial processes.
Its low reactivity makes it an excellent candidate for use as a solvent in sensitive formulations, where stability is crucial.
Synthesis of Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether
Methods of Synthesis: The primary method for synthesizing Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether is through the transetherification of propylene glycol with methanol.
The process typically involves heating the two reactants in the presence of a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or an acidic resin, at elevated temperatures (about 150–250°C).
The reaction produces DPGME along with water as a by-product, which must be carefully removed to drive the reaction to completion.
Another method involves the direct methylation of dipropylene glycol using methanol in the presence of a base such as sodium methoxide.
This method is more controlled and can yield a purer product, although it may be more expensive than the transetherification process.
Industrial Production Processes: In large-scale industrial production, DPGME is typically synthesized through continuous processes, which allow for better control over reaction conditions and higher yields.
The choice of catalyst, temperature, and pressure all play a role in determining the efficiency of the reaction and the purity of the final product.
Optimization Strategies: To improve the efficiency of the synthesis process, some modern production methods utilize solid acid catalysts, which are more sustainable and easier to separate from the product.
Research in this area also aims to reduce the energy consumption and environmental impact of DPGME production, including the use of renewable feedstocks for the raw materials.
Industrial Applications
Use in Solvents for Paints, Coatings, and Cleaning Products: DPGME is widely used as a solvent in paints and coatings because it can dissolve a wide variety of substances, including resins, oils, and pigments.
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether improves the flow properties and drying time of paints, making it an ideal choice in formulation.
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether is also commonly used in the cleaning and degreasing industries, where its ability to dissolve oils, greases, and resins makes it valuable for industrial and household cleaners.
Role in the Formulation of Cosmetic Products: In the cosmetics industry, DPGME is used as a solubilizing agent to incorporate ingredients that are difficult to dissolve in water, such as essential oils, fragrances, and vitamins.
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether is commonly found in lotions, shampoos, and skin creams.
Its mildness and ability to mix easily with other cosmetic ingredients make it ideal for use in personal care formulations.
Furthermore, its low volatility reduces the risk of irritation or inhalation toxicity when used in aerosol products like sprays or perfumes.
Use as a Carrier in Pharmaceuticals: In pharmaceutical applications, DPGME is used as a carrier solvent in the preparation of injectable drugs, especially those that require a more complex solvent system.
The solvent’s low toxicity and its ability to dissolve a wide range of active pharmaceutical ingredients make it a useful component in drug formulations.
It also enhances the stability of the active ingredients, ensuring that the product remains effective over time.
Applications in the Production of Adhesives, Inks, and Other Industrial Chemicals: DPGME is also used in the manufacture of inks, adhesives, and sealants.
As a solvent, Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether enhances the performance of these products by improving their spreadability, wetting properties, and drying times.
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether is especially useful in water-based adhesives, where it helps maintain a balance between solubility and evaporation rates.
Uses in Consumer Products
Specific Examples of Consumer Products Containing DPGME: DPGME finds its way into a variety of consumer products, primarily due to its excellent solvency properties and mildness.
Common examples include:
Household Cleaning Products: DPGME is used in surface cleaners, degreasers, and multi-purpose cleaners.
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether helps break down grease, oils, and dirt while being gentle enough to avoid damaging surfaces.
Cosmetics and Personal Care: It is found in shampoos, conditioners, body lotions, facial cleansers, and deodorants, where it serves as a solubilizing agent for oils and active ingredients.
It ensures a smooth texture and consistency in formulations.
Air Fresheners and Sprays: In sprays and room deodorizers, DPGME serves as a solvent that helps the fragrance mix evenly with the carrier, making it more effective as it is dispersed into the air.
Fragrance Products: DPGME is used as a carrier in perfume formulations, ensuring the fragrance components dissolve well and remain stable over time.
Role in the Fragrance and Flavor Industry: In the fragrance industry, DPGME acts as an effective solubilizer.
Many essential oils and perfume compounds are not easily soluble in water, but DPGME helps to dissolve them and maintain a stable mixture.
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether is particularly useful in the formulation of perfumes, colognes, and scented body products, where it enables the uniform dispersion of aromatic components.
DPGME helps maintain the quality and longevity of fragrances in both personal care products and air fresheners.
Use in Cleaning Products and as a Dispersing Agent: Beyond household cleaners, DPGME is commonly found in industrial cleaning products.
Its ability to dissolve oils, resins, and other hydrophobic substances makes it an ideal solvent for tasks like removing adhesives, waxes, and certain industrial contaminants.
It is also used in products such as car waxes and polishes, where it helps distribute ingredients evenly.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
