PRODUCTS

DMC (DIMETHYL CARBONATE)

DMC (DI METHYL CARBONATE) = CARBONIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTER

CAS Number: 616-38-6
EC Number: 210-478-4
MDL number: MFCD00008420
Linear Formula: (CH3O)2CO

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is an important industrial chemical.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a versatile compound that represents an attractive eco-friendly alternative to both methyl halides (or dimethyl sulfate) and phosgene for methylation and carbonylation processes, respectively.

In fact, the reactivity of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is tunable:
at T = 90 °C, methoxycarbonylations take place, whereas at higher reaction temperatures, methylation reactions are observed with a variety of nucleophiles.

In the particular case of substrates susceptible to multiple alkylations (e.g., CH2-active compounds and primary amines), DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) allows unprecedented selectivity toward mono-C- and mono-N-methylation reactions.

Nowadays produced by a clean process, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) possesses properties of nontoxicity and biodegradability which makes DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) a true green reagent to use in syntheses that prevent pollution at the source.

Moreover, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)-mediated methylations are catalytic reactions that use safe solids (alkaline carbonates or zeolites), thereby avoiding the formation of undesirable inorganic salts as byproducts.

The reactivity of other carbonates is reported as well: higher homologues of DMC (i.e., diethyl and dibenzyl carbonate), are excellent mono-C- and mono-N-alkylating agents, whereas asymmetrical methyl alkyl carbonates (ROCO2Me with R ≥ C3) undergo methylation processes with a chemoselectivity up to 99%.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is an organic compound with the formula OC(OCH3)2.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a colourless, flammable liquid.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is classified as a carbonate ester.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has found use as a methylating agent and more recently as a solvent that is exempt from the restrictions placed on most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the US.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is often considered to be a green reagent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) appears as a clear, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Denser than water and slightly soluble in water.

Vapors are heavier than air.
Used to make other chemicals and as a special purpose solvent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.

A colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4℃, b.p. 90℃) with a characterstic ester-like odour, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as a 'green' methylating agent and as a solvent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has a role as a solvent and a reagent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is non-toxic, biodegradable with tunable chemical reactivity, low in density, and has a low evaporation rate.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is generally considered to be safe and reliable for the following industries:
Industrial product makers
Institutional product makers
Commercial product makers
Household product makers

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as an eco-friendly alternative to dimethyl sulfate (or methyl halides) and phosgene for methylation and carboxylation reactions.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is actually exempt from the restrictions placed on most VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in the United States, which is why many see DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) as a viable option for their industrial, institutional, commercial, and household product line needs.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) receives much attention due to DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s versatile use, low toxicity and fast biodegradability.
The direct DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) synthesis route – from CO2 and methanol – is one of the most interesting options for the chemical industry, but this is hindered by the limited chemical equilibrium.

This work describes the simulation of a novel process for DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) using PSE and PI methods.
A membrane reactor plays the central role, as it continuously removes the water by-product, in order to overcome the equilibrium limitations.
Aspen Plus simulations were carried out for a DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) process (20 kt/yr) and over 99 wt% purity of the DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) product.

Due to the incomplete conversion in the membrane reactor, the DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) concentration in the reactor effluent is rather low hence the purification of this diluted stream leads to large recycles and requires large size equipment and a considerable amount of energy.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a green compound with a broad variety of application.

Recently, CO2-based routes to produce DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) have attracted much attention due to the environment benefits from CO2 utilization.
In the study, we investigate the plant-wide process design of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) production using CO2 as a raw material by indirect alcoholysis of urea.
The indirect alcoholysis route of urea shows many advantages because of cheap raw materials, mild and safe operation condition, and environmentally friendly chemicals.

The DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) production contains the processes of urea synthesis, propylene carbonate (PC) synthesis, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) synthesis, and DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)/methanol azeotrope separation.
The methods of urea synthesis, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) synthesis, and DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)/methanol azeotrope separation were well developed.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also considered a green reagent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a colorless, fast evaporating, mild non-offensive odor VOC exempt solvent with a wide range of applications.
Effective against typical beverage-spoiling microorganisms, like yeasts and fermentative bacteria Dimethyl carbonate, often abbreviated DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate), is a clear liquid boiling at 90 ¬∞C.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is an environmentally friendly molecule which can be produced from CO2 and methanol which was also productized by hydrogenation of CO2.
Miscible with alcohol and ether.
Immiscible with water.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is an organic compound that is a colorless liquid that is classified as a carbonate ester.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is considered to be a green methylating reagent and classified as a solvent that is exempt from classification as a volatile organic compound.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is an important industrial chemical.

The global dimethyl carbonate market is anticipated to reach US$ 729.3 million by 2030, expanding at a CAGR of 5.4% from 2020 to 2030 (forecast period).
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a colorless liquid utilized as an organic solvent.
The global DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) market is estimated to be valued at US$ 512.5 Mn in 2022, registering Y-o-Y growth of 5.6%.

Sales of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) are projected to increase at a CAGR of 5.8%, reaching US$ 954.1 Mn by 2032.
The DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) market growth is being pushed by rising demand from a variety of industries.
Furthermore, the green synthesis of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) from carbon dioxide is expected to fuel market expansion.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is an organic compound with the formula C3H6O3.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is an organic compound with the formula OC(OCH3)2.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a colourless, flammable liquid.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is often considered to be a green reagent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a biodegradable and environmentally friendly chemical synthesized from cyclic carbonate compounds.
The precursor could be either propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate.

The attention DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has received over the years can be traced to not only to DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s diverse range of applications but DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s excellent biodegradability and safety profile.
Yes, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be decomposed by biological activities real fast, which makes it stand out among many of its counterparts in the chemical industry.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a versatile, non-toxic, biodegradable reagent with tunable chemical reactivity.
Many formulation chemists are thinking about making DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) their main VOC-exempt option because of how effective it is, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s functionality, and its cost.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is becoming a household name in the chemical industry due to DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s versatile use, which has made it attract several research endeavors over the years.
Also considered to be a green reagent, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is commonly used as a solvent or methylating agent.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a colorless, fast evaporating VOC-exempt solvent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has substantial polar nature, and moderate h-bonding strength effective in replacing esters, glycol ethers and ketones in formulations.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is useful in acrylics, urethane and alkyd systems as a co-solvent.

USES and APPLICATIONS of DMC (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
-Cosmetic Uses:
fragrance
propellants
solvents

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as an intermediate for making polycarbonate, which consumes roughly 50% of its production.
-Other notable areas of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s use include solvents, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also used as a chemical reagent, particularly for methylation and methoxycarbonylation reactions.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is nontoxic to humans and does not negatively impact the environment, and is also quickly biodegradable, which makes DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) especially suitable for use as a chemical.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is considered and recommended by some environment and industry experts as a viable choice for use as an oxygenate in transportation fuels, primarily due to DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s favorable properties needed for fuels—DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has about three times more oxygen than methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), and DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s other plus points as a fuel additive include low vapor pressure, low toxicity, higher boiling point, nonhygroscopic nature, complete miscibility with fuels, and DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s overall attractive emissions characteristics as a fuel component.

-If DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)’s use as a fuel oxygenate is accepted officially, that would open an enormous market for DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate).
In addition to being environmentally friendly, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can also be prepared from natural gas (methanol and CO) and oxygen (air).
Hence, unlike MTBE or other solvents, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is not a petroleum derivative.
Thus, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can potentially also reduce dependence on imported oil.

-Specialty Chemicals, Solvents - Glycols - Alcohols, Organic Intermediates and Compounds, Industrial Chemicals, Green Chemicals - Eco-Friendly
-Solvents, Chemical Intermediate, Industrial, Specialty Chemicals, Organics.

-Coatings, Adhesives, Resins:
*Dimethyl carbonate is an environmentally friendly solvent used to make coatings, adhesives, and cleaning agents.
*DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also used as a raw material for organic synthesis, and in reactions that include methylation, carbonylation, and carbomethoxylation.

-Electronic Materials:
*DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as an electrolyte in lithium ion batteries (LIB), which are experiencing a rapid increase in demand for use in notebook PCs and cell phones.
*Demand is also expected to grow for use in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a clear colorless liquid synthesized from carbon monoxide and methanol as same as DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) and used as a pharmaceutical intermediate.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is being employed as a raw material for organic synthesis reactions such as methylation, carbonylation, and carbomethoxylation.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also used as an environmentally friendly solvent in cleaning agents.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries, production of polycarbonates, lubricants, polyurethanes, cleaning and degreasing solvents, construction materials such as paints and adhesives, fuel additives, and in biodiesel production.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as a methylating and carbonylating reagent in organic synthesis.
-Dimethyl carbonate is used as a solvent in organic synthesis and considered as a replacement for solvent like methyl ethyl ketone, tert-butyl acetate and parachlorobenzotrifluoride.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is involved as an intermediate in the preparation of diphenylcarbonate, which in turn is used as a key raw material for the synthesis of Bisphenol-A-polycarbonate.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also used as a 'green' methylating agent involved in the methylation of aniline, phenols and carboxylic acids.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be used as a fuel additive due to DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s high oxygen content.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) also finds applications related to supercapacitors and lithium batteries.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used for cold sterilisation of beverages.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has recently found use as a methylating reagent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s main benefit over other methylating reagents such as iodomethane and dimethyl sulfate is DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s lesser toxicity and its biodegradability.

-Also, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is now prepared from catalytic oxidative carbonylation of methanol with carbon monoxide and oxygen, instead of from phosgene making DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s production non-toxic and environmentally friendly.
This allows DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) to be considered a green reagent

-A carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.
A colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4°C, b.p. 90°C) with a characterstic ester-like odour, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as a 'green' methylating agent and as a solvent.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as a VOC-exempt solvent in many paints and coatings.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a fast evaporating polar solvent and can replace esters, glycol ethers and ketones in formulations.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be used as a methylating and carbonylating reagent in organic synthesis.
-The catalytic conversion of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) into fuels and chemicals expands the repertoire of the renewable chemical industry as well as the utilization of CO2.

-This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used in the following products: coating products, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.

-Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as processing aid, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as a methylating agent and as solvent.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as a solvent in organic synthesis and considered as a replacement for solvent like methyl ethyl ketone, tert-butyl acetate and parachlorobenzotrifluoride.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be used as a fuel additive due to its high oxygen content.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) also finds applications related to supercapacitors and lithium batteries.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used in chemical synthesis as methylating, carbonylating, methoxylating and metholating agent.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be used as VOC exempt solvent in many paints and coatings.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a fast evaporating polar solvent and can replace esters, glycol ethers and ketones (like methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) in formulations.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also used in the replacement of phosgene, dimethyl sulphate and methyl chloroformate and as solvent in the electrolyte formulation for batteries.
-Furthermore, thanks to high oxygen content, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be used as a fuel additive.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) to many different industries: resins and coatings, pharmaceutical, electronics, agriculture, photo imaging and several others.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has also been considered as an alternative fuel oxygenate additive.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as an intermediate for making polycarbonate, which consumes roughly 50% of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s production.

-Other notable areas of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s use include solvents, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also used as a chemical reagent, particularly for methylation and methoxycarbonylation reactions.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is nontoxic to humans and does not negatively impact the environment, and is also quickly biodegradable, which makes it especially suitable for use as a chemical.
-Because of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s high oxygen content, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be used as a fuel additive.

-In organic synthesis:
*as a substance or solvent in organic synthesis, instead of phosgene, dimethyle sulfate, ect
*called as "green chemical" and "new cornerstone for or organic synthesis"

-In gasoline industry
*as a fuel additive
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used to make coatings, adhesives, and cleaning agents.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also used as a raw material for organic synthesis.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as an electrolyte in lithium ion batteries (LIB), which are experiencing a rapid increase in demand for use in notebook PCs and cell phones.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also used as an environmentally friendly solvent in cleaning agents.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is available in Technical and Laboratory grade.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) allows the manufacturing of polycarbonates which are transparent and strong plastics with high heat resistance.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can also be utilized in the production of pesticides in agriculture.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has a low water solubility (0.002 percent), which increases its potential applications in the pharmaceutical, paints and coatings, and detergent industries.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has multiple applications for use in the production of; polycarbonates, pharmaceutical and pesticide, lithium battery electrolytes and as a solvent in paints, coatings and adhesives.
-Substantial growth in the production of lithium-ion batteries is expected to boost the consumption of dimethyl carbonate during the assessment period.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used as a methylating agent and an organic solvent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is exempt from the VOC's class, making it a widely used green solvent.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) process produces dimethyl carbonate by the oxidative carbonylation of methanol.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) avoids the safety and waste product issues associated with conventional phosgene-based DMC processes.
-The CO2 produced can be sent to a CO generation unit and recycled back to the process.
This environmentally safe process produces high purity product and can be applied to large capacity plants.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is generally used for lithium ion batteries.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is used in the synthesis of phosphine-boranes in the preparation of new bidentate ligands.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also used in the synthesis of flavonoid analogs.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has been used to dissolve poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form PLGA-coated bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is classified as being very versatile due to it being used in various industries and applications such as paint and coatings, gravure inks, aerosols, resin manufacturing, degreasing applications, and more.

-Utilizing DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) in formulations is not only eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to many organic solvents, but DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)’s an alternative that does not sacrifice safety, quality, or performance.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a glycol ether that has been used in the production of zirconium oxide.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also an important reactant in the synthesis of methyl carbonate, which is a precursor to dimethyl carbonate.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has been shown to have synergistic effects with copper chloride and methanol.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) serves as a green alternative to dimethyl sulfate or methyl halides and phosgene for methylation and carboxylation reactions.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)is becoming a household name in the chemical industry due to its versatile use, which has made it attract several research endeavors over the years.
-Also considered to be a green reagent, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is commonly used as a solvent or methylating agent.

-Another route being explored is the direct DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)v synthesis, which is aided via methanol and C02.
It has been an interesting and preferred alternative in the chemical industry, with the only hindrance being its bounded equilibrium.
-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be used as VOC exempt solvent in many paints and coatings.

-Electrolyte:
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has often been employed as electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, which is a popular component in mobile devices and laptops.
The demand for the chemical is also expected to see an increase, particularly in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).

-Methylating Agent:
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) methylates phenols, anilines, and carboxylic acids.
Again the advantage the compound has over others is its low toxicity, Which translates to it being weaker compared to other conventional reagents.

-Solvent:
Over the years, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has become popular as a solvent and is fast replacing others such as parachlorobenzotrifluoride.
This is largely because of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s odor which is akin to alcohol and is preferred by most users.

-DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a fast evaporating polar solvent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can replace esters, glycol ethers and ketones in formulations.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be used as a methylating and carbonylating reagent in organic synthesis.

PRODUCTION of of DMC (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
World production in 1997 was estimated at 1000 barrels a day.
Production of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) worldwide is limited to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is traditionally prepared by the reaction of phosgene and methanol.
Methyl chloroformate is produced as an intermediate:

COCl2 + CH3OH → CH3OCOCl + HCl
CH3OCOCl + CH3OH → CH3OCO2CH3 + HCl

This synthesis route has been largely replaced by oxidative carbonylation.
In this process, carbon monoxide and an oxidizer provide the equivalent of CO2+:

CO + 1/2 O2 + 2 CH3OH → (CH3O)2CO + H2O
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can also be produced industrially by a transesterification of ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate and methanol, which also affords respectively ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be produced by reacting a glycol ether with carbon dioxide at low temperatures or high pressures.
In this reaction, the hydroxyl group on the glycol ether reacts with the CO2 to form a carboxylic acid, which then reacts with methanol in an esterification reaction to form an ester and water.

The resulting product is DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate).
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be prepared by the base-catalyzed reaction between carbon dioxide and methanol.

REACTIONS and POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS of DMC (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
Methylating agent:
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) methylates anilines, carboxylic acids, and phenols, albeit usually slowly.
Sometimes these reactions require the use of an autoclave.

Methylation of phenylacetic acid by dimethyl carbonate promoted by DBU:
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s main benefit over other methylating reagents such as iodomethane and dimethyl sulfate is DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s low toxicity.

Additionally, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is biodegradable.
Unfortunately, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is a relatively weak methylating agent compared to these traditional reagents.

SOLVENT:
In the US, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) was exempted under the definition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by the U.S. EPA in 2009.
Due to DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s classification as VOC exempt, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has grown in popularity and applications as a replacement for methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and parachlorobenzotrifluoride, as well as tert-butyl acetate until it too was exempted.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has an ester- or alcohol-like odor, which is more favorable to users than most hydrocarbon solvents it replaces.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has an evaporation rate of 3.22 (butyl acetate = 1.0), which slightly slower than MEK (3.8) and ethyl acetate (4.1), and faster than toluene (2.0) and isopropanol (1.7).

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has solubility profile similar to common glycol ethers, meaning DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can dissolve most common coating resins except perhaps rubber based resins.
Hildebrand solubility parameter is 20.3 MPa and Hansen solubility parameters are: dispersion = 15.5, polar = 3.9, H bonding = 9.7.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is partially soluble in water up to 13%, however DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is hydrolyzed in water-based systems over time to methanol and CO2 unless properly buffered.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can freeze at same temperatures as water, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can be thawed out with no loss of properties to itself or coatings based on dimethyl carbonate.

INTERMEDIATE IN POLYCARBONATE SYNTHESIS:
A large captive use of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is for the production of diphenyl carbonate through transesterification with phenol.
Diphenyl carbonate is a widely used raw material for the synthesis of bisphenol-A-polycarbonate in a melt polycondensation process, the resulting product being recyclable by reversing the process and transesterifying the polycarbonate with phenol to yield diphenyl carbonate and bisphenol A.

ADVANTAGES of DMC (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) has a fast evaporation rate compares positively with other low-VOC (volatile organic compound) materials.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)’s flashpoint is higher than chemical compounds such as acetone and ethyl acetate, which are materials that DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can replace.

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) can also replace Ethanol, Isopropyl Alcohol, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Methyl Propyl Ketone.
Also, DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is highly soluble and miscible with most organic solvents.

One of the big benefits that make DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) attractive to many formulators is the fact that DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is environmentally friendly and has VOC-exemption from the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).

DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) is also non-toxic and biodegradable, which makes DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) a green reagent.
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)’s toxicity levels are low and give its great praise for DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)'s occupational safety and industrial air quality.

BENEFITS of DMC (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
*Single step reaction
*Easily available raw materials, no use of phosgene
*No dangerous intermediates or by-products
*Commercially available catalyst, normally no catalyst consumption
*Can be designed for high capacities
*Extensive heat integration, low energy consumption
*Low investment cost

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of DMC (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds

SUBSTITUENTS of DMC (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
*Carbonic acid diester
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DMC (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 2 - 4 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 90 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits
Upper explosion limit: 12,87 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 4,22 %(V)

Flash point: 16 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 0,585 mPa.s at 25 °C
Water solubility 114,7 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water

log Pow: 0,354 at 20 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 24 hPa at 21,1 °C
Density: 1,069 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 1,06 at 25 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative vapor density: 3,11 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: Surface tension 31,92 mN/m at 0 °C
Molecular Weight: 90.08

Molecular Weight: 90.08
XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 90.031694049
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.031694049
Topological Polar Surface Area: 35.5 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 44

Boiling point: 90 °C (1016 hPa)
Density: 1.07 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 4.22 - 12.87 %(V)
Flash point: 16 °C
Ignition temperature: 458 °C
Melting Point: 2 - 4 °C
Vapor pressure: 53 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 139 g/l
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No

Specific Gravity: 1.06360 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.36870 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 3.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 90.00 to 91.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 55.364000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 65.00 °F. TCC ( 18.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.070 (est)
Soluble in:
Alcohol
Ether
Water, 7.859e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Density: 1.073 g/mL
Molar volume: 84.0 mL/mol
Refractive index: 1.369
Molecular refractive power: 18.94 mL/mol
Dielectric constant: 3.17
Dipole moment: 0.93 D
Melting point: 4 °C
Boiling point: 90 °C

Surface tension: 29.35 dyn/cm
Critical temperature: 275 °C
Critical pressure: 4.5 atm
Evaporation rate (butyl acetate): 3.2
Solubility in water: 14 % w/w
Log10 partition octanol / water: 0.23
Dimroth ET: 38.8
Hildebrant solubility parameter (δ): 9.5
Hansen solubility parameter: δd: 17.4 (cal/ml)^0.5 δp: 9.6 (cal/ml)^0.5 δh: 3.9 (cal/ml)^0.5

FIRST AID MEASURES of (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.

*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder

*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:

*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses.

-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.

-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of (DI METHYL CARBONATE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

SYNONYMS:
Dimethyl carbonate
Methyl carbonate
Carbonic acid, dimethyl ester
Methyl carbonate ((MeO)2CO)
DIMETHYLCARBONATE
Carbonic Acid Dimethyl Ester
UNII-KE9J097SPN
CH3OCOOCH3
KE9J097SPN
Dimethyl ester of carbonic acid
CHEBI:36596
DSSTox_CID_9192
DSSTox_RID_78703
DSSTox_GSID_29192
HSDB 6928
NSC 9371
UN1161
methoxyketone
AI3-14705
dimethy carbonate
dim ethyl carbonate
Carbonic acid dimethyl
Dimethyl carbonate(DMC)
Dimethylcarbonate, 99%
WLN: 1OVO1
Dimethyl carbonate
CHEMBL3185216
DTXSID9029192
NSC9371
Carbonic acid dimethyl ester, 9CI
AMY37165
NSC-9371
ZINC1699944
Tox21_201940
Tox21_303590
AKOS000121888
Dimethyl carbonate, analytical standard
Dimethyl carbonate, anhydrous, >=99%
UN 1161
NCGC00249139-01
NCGC00257358-01
NCGC00259489-01
E242
S748
Dimethyl carbonate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
FT-0623477
A833342
Dimethyl carbonate
Q416254
F1905-7139
Dimethyl carbonate, >=99.9%, acid <10 ppm, H2O <10 ppm