DOA (DIOCTYL ADIPATE)

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is a low-viscosity adipate ester used primarily as a flexible-polymer plasticizer.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) provides low-temperature flexibility, softness, processability, and elastic-property modification.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is used in flexible PVC, synthetic rubber, coatings, adhesives, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and compatible specialty formulations.

CAS Number: 103-23-1
EC Number: 203-090-1
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₄₂O₄
Molecular Weight: 370.57 g/mol

SYNONYMS

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate), DOA, Dioctyl Adipate, Dioctyl Adipic Acid Ester, Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Adipate, Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Adipate, Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Adipate, Bis-(2-Ethylhexyl) Adipate, Diethylhexyl Adipate, Diethyl Hexyl Adipate, DEHA, BEHA, Adipic Acid Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Ester, Adipic Acid Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Ester, Adipic Acid Dioctyl Ester, Adipic Acid Bis-2-Ethylhexyl Ester, Hexanedioic Acid Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Ester, Hexanedioic Acid 1,6-Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Ester, Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Hexanedioate, Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Hexanedioate, 1,6-Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Hexanedioate, 2-Ethylhexyl Adipate Diester, Adipate Ester Plasticizer, Dioctyl Adipate Plasticizer, Diethylhexyl Adipate Plasticizer, Flexible-PVC Plasticizer, Low-Temperature PVC Plasticizer, Cold-Resistant Plasticizer, Low-Viscosity Adipate Plasticizer, Non-Phthalate Adipate Ester, Phthalate-Free Adipate Chemistry, Flexible-Vinyl Plasticizer, Synthetic-Rubber Plasticizer, Nitrocellulose Plasticizer, Cellulose-Ester Plasticizer, Polyvinyl-Butyral Plasticizer, Plastisol Plasticizer, Polymer Processing Aid, Ester Functional Fluid, Synthetic Ester Lubricant Component, Hydraulic-Fluid Ester, Cosmetic Emollient Ester, Diethylhexyl Adipate Emollient, Adipic Acid Ester, Branched C8 Adipate Ester, CAS 103-23-1, EC 203-090-1, EINECS 203-090-1, C₂₂H₄₂O₄, PubChem CID 7641, UN 3082

APPLICATIONS

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) serves as a primary or secondary plasticizer in flexible polyvinyl chloride formulations.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) lowers polymer stiffness and supports softness, elongation, and flexibility at reduced service temperatures.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) supports flexible PVC films requiring clarity, softness, and cold-temperature performance.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is particularly associated with thin flexible films in which migration, extraction, and regulatory compliance are carefully controlled.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) functions in compatible cling-film and food-packaging applications where the exact formulation is legally authorized.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) food-contact use requires migration testing because adipate plasticizers can transfer from flexible PVC into contacting foods, particularly fatty foods.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) contributes to refrigerated packaging films and flexible articles requiring resistance to embrittlement.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) helps polymer products remain pliable under cold-storage and low-ambient-temperature conditions.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) supports flexible wire and cable compounds requiring low-temperature bending performance.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) must be balanced with stabilizers and more permanent plasticizers when volatility, extraction, electrical properties, and long service life are critical.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) functions in cable jacketing and insulation compounds intended for cold environments.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can reduce stiffness while flame resistance, heat aging, oil resistance, and dielectric performance remain dependent on the complete formulation.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) contributes to flexible PVC hoses and tubing used in compatible low-temperature applications.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) must be evaluated for fluid extraction, pressure, migration, odor, transparency, and dimensional stability.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) supports flexible seals, gaskets, boots, bellows, and protective covers.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can improve cold flex while compression set, chemical resistance, and plasticizer retention require application-specific testing.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) functions as a plasticizer in synthetic-rubber compounds.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can improve processing, softness, flexibility, and low-temperature behavior in compatible elastomer systems.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) contributes to nitrile-rubber formulations requiring improved flexibility at reduced temperatures.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) must be evaluated for oil resistance, extraction, volatility, compression set, and compatibility with the selected acrylonitrile content.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) supports rubber hoses, belts, sheets, and molded technical components.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is listed as a permitted plasticizer for certain repeated-use rubber food-contact articles under specified United States requirements.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) functions in flexible flooring and wall-covering compounds.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) helps develop softness and low-temperature flexibility while wear resistance, staining, migration, and dimensional stability require complete-product evaluation.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) contributes to coated fabrics, flexible sheets, artificial leather, and vinyl upholstery.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can support drape and softness while surface coating, lamination, printing, and adhesive compatibility must be verified.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) supports PVC plastisols used for coating, dipping, molding, and protective-film production.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can reduce plastisol viscosity and modify gelation, fusion, flow, softness, and low-temperature properties.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) functions in nitrocellulose formulations requiring plasticization and film flexibility.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can reduce brittleness in compatible lacquers, coatings, inks, and specialty cellulose-based compositions.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) contributes to cellulose acetate butyrate formulations requiring a flexible ester plasticizer.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) must be tested for resin compatibility, clarity, solvent release, blocking, migration, and coating durability.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) supports polyvinyl butyral compositions used in compatible films, coatings, and adhesive layers.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can modify flexibility and processing while optical clarity, adhesion, extraction, and long-term retention remain formulation dependent.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can be evaluated in polystyrene and other compatible polymer formulations requiring flexibility modification.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) suitability depends on polymer polarity, plasticizer loading, phase stability, migration, mechanical properties, and service temperature.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) functions in pressure-sensitive adhesives, construction adhesives, and flexible bonding formulations.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can adjust viscosity, open time, tack, flexibility, and low-temperature adhesion when compatible with the polymer and tackifier system.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) contributes to sealants and caulking compounds requiring softness and movement capability.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) must be assessed for bleeding, migration, substrate staining, paint compatibility, weathering, and long-term dimensional stability.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) supports paints, lacquers, printing inks, and flexible coating systems as a plasticizing or solvent-like formulation component.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can improve film flexibility while hardness, drying, adhesion, blocking resistance, and chemical resistance must be balanced.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) functions as a component of synthetic ester lubricant formulations.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can contribute low-temperature fluidity and lubricating behavior in carefully engineered functional-fluid systems.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) contributes to aviation-related lubricant formulations where technically qualified.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) use in critical lubrication requires compliance with the applicable performance specification rather than reliance on generic chemical identity alone.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) supports compatible hydraulic and functional-fluid formulations requiring low-temperature flow.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) must be evaluated for viscosity, seal compatibility, oxidation stability, fire behavior, hydrolysis, and equipment specifications.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) functions as an emollient and spreading ester in compatible cosmetic formulations.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) cosmetic use requires grade-specific purity, sensory, stability, exposure, and jurisdictional compliance assessment.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) serves in laboratory and production programs developing flexible polymers and ester-based functional fluids.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) can be evaluated through viscosity, plasticization efficiency, tensile, elongation, cold-flex, extraction, migration, volatility, aging, and environmental testing.

DESCRIPTION

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is the common industrial name for bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, also abbreviated as DEHA.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is identified by CAS Number 103-23-1 and EC Number 203-090-1.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) has the molecular formula C₂₂H₄₂O₄ and a molecular weight of approximately 370.57 g/mol.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is a diester formed from adipic acid and two molecules of 2-ethylhexan-1-ol.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) contains two branched 2-ethylhexyl groups connected to the two carboxyl groups of adipic acid.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) commercial terminology uses the word dioctyl even though the principal structure contains branched 2-ethylhexyl rather than straight-chain n-octyl groups.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) normally appears as a colorless to pale-yellow or straw-colored oily liquid with a mild odor.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) has a relative density near 0.92 and a kinematic viscosity near 12.4 mm²/s at 25°C.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) has a reported melting point near −67.8°C and a boiling point near 417°C.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) has a reported closed-cup flash point near 196°C and is considered combustible rather than highly volatile at ordinary temperatures.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is practically insoluble in water and has a strong preference for nonpolar organic phases.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is compatible with many vinyl resins, synthetic rubbers, oils, solvents, and related organic formulation components.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is generally manufactured by esterifying adipic acid with excess 2-ethylhexan-1-ol.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) production is followed by neutralization, removal or recovery of excess alcohol, washing, drying, filtration, and quality adjustment.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) plasticizes polymers by positioning between polymer chains and reducing intermolecular resistance to segmental movement.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) consequently lowers stiffness and glass-transition-related brittleness while increasing flexibility and elongation.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) adipate structure provides particularly useful low-temperature behavior in flexible PVC.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) also has lower viscosity than many traditional high-molecular-weight general-purpose plasticizers.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is a monomeric plasticizer and can migrate, volatilize, or be extracted more readily than certain polymeric plasticizers.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) permanence must therefore be evaluated against contact media, temperature, film thickness, plasticizer concentration, and service duration.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) has been mapped as an additive used in soft PVC and polyurethane-related applications within European plastics-sector information.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) actual compatibility and loading depend on polymer type, formulation design, processing conditions, and required service properties.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is combustible and can react with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) international chemical-safety guidance identifies eye irritation, aspiration concerns after ingestion, and high aquatic toxicity as important control considerations.

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) is included in United States provisions for plasticizers used in certain repeated-use rubber food-contact articles, subject to complete regulatory conditions.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) food-contact suitability must never be inferred from chemical identity alone because migration limits, article composition, food type, temperature, and jurisdiction remain decisive.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Name: Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Adipate

Chemical Class: Adipic Acid Diester

CAS Number: 103-23-1

EC Number: 203-090-1

Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₄₂O₄

Molecular Weight: 370.57 g/mol

Physical Form: Oily Liquid

Appearance: Colorless to Pale Yellow

Relative Density: Approximately 0.92

Melting Point: Approximately −67.8°C

Boiling Point: Approximately 417°C

Flash Point: Approximately 196°C, Closed Cup

Water Solubility: Practically Insoluble

Primary Function: Low-Temperature Plasticizer

Main Uses: Flexible PVC, Synthetic Rubber, Coatings, Adhesives, Lubricants, and Hydraulic Fluids

Storage: Cool, Dry, Tightly Closed, and Protected from Heat, Oxidants, Acids, Contamination, and Environmental Release

FIRST AID

Inhalation

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) mist or heated-vapor exposure requires movement to fresh air and rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) inhalation requires medical attention if coughing, dizziness, respiratory discomfort, breathing difficulty, or fever develops.

Skin Contact

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) skin contamination requires removal of affected clothing and thorough washing with soap and water.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) skin exposure requires medical advice if irritation, redness, dryness, pain, or another adverse response persists.

Eye Contact

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) eye exposure requires immediate rinsing with clean water for at least 15 minutes while the eyelids are held open.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) eye exposure requires contact-lens removal when easy and medical attention if redness, pain, or visual disturbance continues.

Ingestion

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) ingestion requires rinsing of the mouth without inducing vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) ingestion requires prompt medical advice because entry of the liquid into the airways can cause aspiration-related lung injury.

Note to Physicians

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) exposure should be treated symptomatically with appropriate supportive care.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) assessment should consider aspiration risk, exposure route, quantity, symptoms, accompanying formulation ingredients, and the current Safety Data Sheet.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) should be handled through closed transfer, pumping, and metering systems wherever practical.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) contact with the eyes, prolonged skin contact, mist formation, food, drink, oxidizing agents, and strong acids should be prevented.

Ventilation

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) transfer, heating, mixing, spraying, and high-temperature processing areas should have effective general and local exhaust ventilation.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) respiratory protection should be used when engineering controls cannot adequately limit mist, vapor, aerosol, or thermal-decomposition exposure.

Storage

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) should be stored in tightly closed and chemically compatible containers within a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) should be separated from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, ignition sources, excessive heat, contamination, drains, and damaged packaging.

Spill and Leak Procedures

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) spills should be contained with a chemically compatible inert absorbent and recovered into sealable labeled containers.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) should be prevented from entering drains, soil, groundwater, or surface water because uncontrolled release can harm aquatic organisms.

Handling Precautions

DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) handling should include chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, safety goggles, and face protection where splashing is possible.
DOA (Dioctyl Adipate) processing should follow the current Safety Data Sheet, fire-control measures, environmental procedures, migration requirements, and application-specific regulations.